| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Lundquist, Ingmar, et al.
(författare)
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Monoamines in pancreatic islets of guinea pig, hamster, rat, and mouse determined by high performance liquid chromatography
- 1989
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Ingår i: Pancreas. - 0885-3177. ; 4:6, s. 662-667
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies on the occurrence of catecholamines and serotonin in pancreatic islets using various histochemical and chemical methods have given widely different results. We therefore performed a comparative analysis of these amines in whole pancreas and islet tissue from hamster, guinea pig, rat, and mouse by the use of high performance liquid chromatography. Whole pancreas of guinea pig, hamster, and rat had a norepinephrine concentration of approximately 1.1 [mu]mol/kg of pancreatic wet weight. The mouse pancreas had less than one-half of that concentration. Epinephrine and dopamine concentrations were on the order of 0.02 [mu]mol/kg of pancreatic wet weight in all four species. The serotonin concentration was 2.1 [mu]mol/kg of pancreatic wet weight in the guinea pig pancreas and approximately 0.2 [mu]mol/kg in the other three species studied. The catecholamine concentrations were much higher in the pancreatic islets than in the exocrine pancreas. Thus, the norepinephrine concentration was approximately 35 [mu]mol/kg of islet wet weight in hamster islets and 5-10 [mu]mol/kg in rat, guinea pig, and mouse islets. The epinephrine concentration in islet tissue ranged between 1 and 7 [mu]mol/kg of islet wet weight and the dopamine concentration between 0.5 and 4 [mu]mol/kg except for guinea pig islets (12 [mu]mol/kg). The islet tissue in the mouse, rat, and guinea pig contained disproportionately more epinephrine and dopamine relative to norepinephrine than did the exocrine pancreas. Chemical sympathectomy (6- hydroxydopamine treatment) in the mouse reduced the norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations in islet tissue to nondetectable levels, whereas the dopamine concentration was essentially unchanged, thus suggesting an extraneuronal source of this amine in addition to its occurrence in adrenergic nerves. The islets of hamster, rat, and mouse contained no serotonin, whereas guinea pig islets contained approximately 275 [mu]mol/kg of islet wet weight. We conclude that, although species differences exist, the pancreatic islets have markedly higher levels of catecholamines than the exocrine pancreas, and that serotonin occurs in the exocrine pancreas of all four species studied but in the endocrine pancreas only in the guinea pig.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Hellström, Anna-Lena, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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Terodiline in the treatment of children with unstable bladders.
- 1989
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Ingår i: British journal of urology. - 0007-1331. ; 63:4, s. 358-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A double-blind study of terodiline compared with placebo was performed in 58 children aged 6 to 14 years with urgency or urge incontinence. All had an unstable bladder at cystometry. A bladder regimen was emphasised during the study. Continence was improved according to micturition charting and a pad test in both groups. Terodiline at 25 mg/day, however, gave significantly better results than placebo. In patients with a subnormal bladder capacity (less than or equal to 150 ml), a significant increase in capacity was recorded on cystometry during medication with terodiline but not with placebo. The improved continence seen in the placebo group was probably due to the non-specific bladder training achieved by the child's increased awareness and adult involvement during treatment. The even better results attained in the terodiline group shows this drug to be a valuable adjunct to a bladder regimen in children with urge incontinence, particularly since no important adverse effects were noted during an 8-week period.
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| 45. |
- Vagianos, C, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of alpha-adrenoceptor active drugs, prostaglandin F2 alpha and vasopressin on cystic and hepatic arteries of pig and man
- 1990
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Ingår i: Pharmacology and Toxicology. - 1600-0773. ; 66:2, s. 77-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human and pig cystic and pig hepatic arteries were suspended in tissue baths and the effect of alpha-adrenoceptor selective drugs, prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and vasopressin were investigated. Prazosin fulfilled the criteria for competitive antagonism in concentrations 10(-9)-10(-7) M. The pA2-values were 9.53 in human cystic, 9.74 in pig cystic, and 9.57 in pig hepatic artery. Rauwolscine had no significant effect in the different arteries. In human cystic artery noradrenaline had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher Emax and pEC50-values (135% of the preceding K(+)-induced contraction and 6.4, respectively) compared with pig cystic (106% and 5.7, respectively) and pig hepatic artery (116% and 5.9, respectively). Vasopressin had no effect in the cystic arteries, whereas it had a high potency (pEC50 was 8.5) but low intrinsic activity (Emax was 14%) in pig hepatic artery. Prostaglandin F2 alpha had a significantly higher Emax in human than in pig arteries. No differences were found in pEC50-values. This study indicates a similarity in pharmacological characteristics of some vasoactive drugs especially between pig cystic and hepatic arteries. If this is also true in man, the easily obtainable cystic artery can be used for screening the effect of drugs on the hepatic artery.
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| 46. |
- Platz-Christensen, Jens Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
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A longitudinal follow-up of bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy.
- 1993
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Ingår i: Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 72:2, s. 99-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bacterial vaginosis (BV) has been considered by many investigators to be a risk factor for preterm labor. We have followed vaginal pH and the persistence of clue cells in Papanicolaou stained smears in 119 pregnant women during the course of pregnancy. Of 19 patients with clue cells in their smears during the first trimester, 11 (58%) still had clue cells at the second visit during the third trimester. Of the 100 patients without clue cells during their first trimester, none exhibited clue cells during the third trimester. If the persistence of clue cells is truly a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcome, screening in the first trimester would identify a risk group of 15%. This risk group diminishes to 9% at the time of the third trimester. Vaginal pH > 4.5 had a recovery sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 83%. If clue cells can be considered as the identifying standard for bacterial vaginosis, the sensitivity and specificity of pH is 89% and 94%, respectively. The establishment of the diagnosis of BV during pregnancy and, in some cases, the treatment of the condition may be important as routine procedures in the antenatal center.
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| 47. |
- Hellström, Anna-Lena, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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Association between urinary symptoms at 7 years old and previous urinary tract infection.
- 1991
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Ingår i: Archives of disease in childhood. - 1468-2044. ; 66:2, s. 232-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The association between current micturition habits and previous urinary tract infection was analysed among 3553 school entrants aged 7 years by means of a questionnaire. A high incidence of urinary infection, confirmed by urine culture, was found (145 (8.4%) in the 1719 girls and 32 (1.7%) in the 1834 boys). There was a significant association between current symptoms that were suggestive of disturbed bladder function and previous urinary tract infection, but only among girls who were over 3 years of age at the time the first episode was diagnosed.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Hellström, Anna-Lena, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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Micturition habits and incontinence in 7-year-old Swedish school entrants.
- 1990
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Ingår i: European journal of pediatrics. - 0340-6199. ; 149:6, s. 434-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prevalence of incontinence in children has been extensively studied, but knowledge of other bladder symptoms is lacking in a healthy child population. The micturition habits of 3556 7-year-old school entrants were surveyed by a questionnaire supplemented by telephone interviews. One or more symptoms of a disturbed bladder function was reported in 26%, but most of these had moderate urgency as a sign of incomplete voluntary bladder control. Isolated bedwetting occurred in 2.8% of the girls and 7.0% of the boys, whereas nocturnal incontinence combined with daytime wetting was equally common in both sexes, 2.3% and 2.0% respectively. Diurnal incontinence was reported in 6.0% of the girls and 3.8% of the boys and was usually combined with other symptoms. The frequency of micturition in children without symptoms of bladder disturbance and with no previous urinary tract infection was 3-7 times per day.
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| 50. |
- Hellström, Anna-Lena, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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Pad tests in children with incontinence.
- 1986
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. - 0036-5599. ; 20:1, s. 47-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different pad tests were compared in 50 incontinent children. In a 2-hour ward test with standardized activities and fluid provocation 70% were positive. In a simple 12-hour home test with 30 children 68% were positive; when a fluid provocation period was included in the home test with 20 children the frequency increased to 80%. Pad tests are easy to perform with children in the home and are valuable as screening instruments. Further, the simultaneous registration of events gives a more complete picture of the incontinence pattern.
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