| 41. |
- Abrahamsson, Maths, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Inheritance of strabismus and the gain of using heredity to determine populations at risk of developing strabismus.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1395-3907. ; 77:6, s. 653-657
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: In the Nordic countries 2 to 4% of the population squint or have been squinting. Since strabismus is one of the major causes of amblyopia early detection and treatment is important for preventing this development. For centuries it has been recognized that strabismus is hereditary. Identifying individuals with a family history of squinting could give access to a risk population for a selective screening. METHODS AND RESULTS: 1,571 children were selected for this study. All children that took part in a voluntary eye examination at one year of age (born 1978-1983) in the city of Vasteras, Sweden and that had a family history of strabismus were selected together with controls. The study was a 6-year follow-up from 1 to 7 years of age. Parental knowledge of squint among relatives and measured high hyperopia (>3.0 D) present at 1 year of age were each and in combination evaluated as a risk indicator for development of strabismus between 1 to 7 years of age. CONCLUSION: The study indicates that a family history of squint in combination with measured high hyperopia can be used in a selective screening to identify a population with an increased risk of 4 to 6 times for developing strabismus. Among the children with parental knowledge of squint among several relatives of both the parents, those with high hyperopia developed strabismus in almost every second case while this was the case in only approximately 10% of those with low hyperopia. Finally, heredity is an important risk indicator that can be used for selective screening purpose. Its potential as a risk indicator is substantially increased when combined with a high hyperopia.
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| 42. |
- Abrahamsson, Maths, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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The occurrence of congenital cataract in western Sweden
- 1999
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Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1395-3907. ; 77:5, s. 578-580
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To estimate the occurrence of congenital cataract in a Nordic country. Methods: In 1980, we constructed a database in the Department of Ophthalmology Goteborg University, containing basic data from all cases in western Sweden diagnosed with congenital cataract. By collecting and processing these data from 1980 onwards, we hoped to improve the management of congenital cataract treatment and to optimize the outcome of the treatment. Results: In this study, the incidence of congenital cataract in the four western counties of Sweden was evaluated. The occurrence rate of all cases with congenital cataract during the study period was 36 cases per 100 000. The occurrence rate for dense bilateral and all unilateral cases were both 14 per 100 000 each. Conclusion: There were no time-related changes in incidence of congenital cataract from 1980 until today, although there was a large variation in the yearly incidence.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Acke, Filip, et al.
(författare)
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Study of the reduction and reoxidation of a CaO surface
- 1997
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Ingår i: J Phys Chem B. - 1520-5207 .- 1520-6106. ; 101:33, s. 6484-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reduction of NO with CO and H2 is shown to comprise two basic reactions: a surface oxygen abstraction by the reducing agent and a reoxidation of the surface by NO. The former reaction step has been demonstrated by transient CO2 formation during CO exposure of oxidized CaO surfaces, while the latter was demonstrated by N2 and/or N2O transient formation during NO exposure of a prereduced CaO surface. It was shown that at low temperatures (between room temperature and 500 °C) both N2 and N2O were formed, but at temperatures above 500 °C only N2 was observed. The activation energies of the respective steps have been determined using temperature-programmed reaction experiments. The activation energy of the surface oxygen abstraction was determined to be 25 kcal/mol and is similar to the apparent activation energy of the overall reaction. The activation energy of the NO bond breakage was determined to be maximum 10 kcal/mol as measured by N2O formation. The importance of an N2O2- or N2O22- intermediate in the formation of N2O will be discussed, and the importance of N2O decomposition in forming N2 at temperatures above 500 °C will be compared with a N surface diffusion mechanism.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Adamsson, Marie, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Toxicity Identification Evaluation of ammonia, nitrite and heavy metals at the Stensund Wastewater Aquaculture plant, Sweden.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Water Science and Technology. - 0273-1223. ; 38:3, s. 151-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Stensund Wastewater Aquaculture plant was built in 1989. The plant is contained in a greenhouse because of its northern location with a temperate climate; The plant receives wastewater from 40 persons and has a residence time of 30 days. The purification concept is to use a constructed aquatic food chain (algae, zooplankton and fish) combined with hydroponic culture of higher plants to further deplete the nutrients in the wastewater. However, the production of algae and zooplankton has not been working as expected from pilot studies. The purpose of this investigation was to study if toxic chemicals were limiting the production of zooplankton (Daphnia magna) in the aquaculture treatment system. Grab samples were taken at six sites and tested for acute toxicity to Daphnia magna and analyzed for BOD, COD, ammonium-, nitrite-, nitrate- and total nitrogen, total phosphorus and heavy metals (Cd, Ci, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn). Toxicity to D. magna was also determined after addition of EDTA, sodium thiosulphate and pH adjustment of the,water to 6, 7 and 8, in order to assess if heavy metals and/or pH-dependent toxicants were present Potential toxicants, with concentrations high enough to intoxicate Daphnia magna, were Cu, ammonia and nitrite. Subsequent improvement of nitrification reduced the ammonia and nitrite concentrations as well as the toxicity. Furthermore, the improved production of algae and Daphnia at the Stensund Wastewater Aquaculture plant verified that the primary cause of toxicity was ammonia. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 48. |
- Adamsson, Marie, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Toxicity of human urine and its main nitrogen excretory and degradation products to Daphnia magna
- 1996
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Ingår i: Environmental Research Forum. - 1421-0274. ; 5-6, s. 137-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The discovery of nitrogen as a major cause of eutrophication, especially in the marine environment, has intensified the research on nitrogen removal from sewage water. About eighty percent of the nitrogen in domestic sewage water originates from human urine. One alternative for nitrogen reduction technology in sewage treatment, is to separate the urine from fecal matter, and use the urine as a fertilizer, either in agriculture or in aquaculture. In temperate regions urine has to be stored during the winter season. The objectives of this study were to determine the toxicity to Daphnia magna of human urine, its major nitrogen excretory products (urea, uric acid, ammonia and creatinine) and their degradation products (nitrite and nitrate) and to determine how storage affects the chemical composition of these nitrogen compounds in urine and the resulting effect on urine toxicity to D.magna. The 48-h EC50 for D.magna of fresh morning urine from ten persons ranged from 2.8 to 12.5 percent by volume (mean +/- SD: 5.4 +/- 2.9). The 48h EC50s (expressed as mM of nitrogen) for the nitrogen compounds were 679 for urea, 78 for nitrate, 49 for creatinine, 2.4 for uric acid, 1.5 for ammonia and 0.6 for nitrite, at pH between 8.2-8.5. The toxicity of urine increased approximately five rimes during storage in 32 days at 20 degrees C. The major cause of this increase was conversion of urea to ammonia, which was accompanied by an increase in pH from 5.7 to 9.7, making the ammonia even more toxic. Therefore, the use of human urine as a fertilizer in aquaculture and probably also in agriculture must consider the potential toxicity of ammonia.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Adlerberth, Ingegerd, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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A mannose-specific adherence mechanism in Lactobacillus plantarum conferring binding to the human colonic cell line HT-29.
- 1996
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Ingår i: Applied and environmental microbiology. - 0099-2240. ; 62:7, s. 2244-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two Lactobacillus plantarum strains of human intestinal origin, strains 299 (= DSM 6595) and 299v (= DSM 9843), have proved to be efficient colonizers of the human intestine under experimental conditions. These strains and 17 other L. plantarum strains were tested for the ability to adhere to cells of the human colonic cell line HT-29.L.plantarum 299 and 299v and nine other L. plantarum strains, including all six strains that belong to the same genetic subgroup as L. plantarum 299 and 299v, adhered to HT-29 cells in a manner that could be inhibited by methyl-alpha-D-mannoside. The ability to adhere to HT-29 cells correlated with an ability to agglutinate cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and erythrocytes in a mannose-sensitive manner and with adherence to D-mannose-coated agarose beads. L. plantarum 299 and 299v adhered to freshly isolated human colonic and ileal enterocytes, but the binding was not significantly inhibited by methyl-alpha-D-mannoside. Periodate treatment of HT-29 cells abolished mannose-sensitive adherence, confirming that the cell-bound receptor was of carbohydrate nature. Proteinase K treatment of the bacteria also abolished adherence, indicating that the binding involved protein structures on the bacterial cell surface. Thus, a mannose-specific adhesin has been identified in L. plantarum; this adhesin could be involved in the ability to colonize the intestine.
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