| 41. |
- Magnussen, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Sex Differences and Similarities in Atrial Fibrillation Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Mortality in Community Cohorts Results From the BiomarCaRE Consortium (Biomarker for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Europe)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Circulation. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 136:17, s. 1588-1597
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac disease in aging populations with high comorbidity and mortality. Sex differences in AF epidemiology are insufficiently understood.Methods: In N=79 793 individuals without AF diagnosis at baseline (median age, 49.6 years; age range, 24.1–97.6 years; 51.7% women) from 4 community-based European studies (FINRISK, DanMONICA, Moli-sani Northern Sweden) of the BiomarCaRE consortium (Biomarker for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Europe), we examined AF incidence, its association with mortality, common risk factors, biomarkers, and prevalent cardiovascular disease, and their attributable risk by sex. Median follow-up time was 12.6 (to a maximum of 28.2) years.Results: Fewer AF cases were observed in women (N=1796; 4.4%), than in men (N=2465; 6.4%). Cardiovascular risk factor distribution and lipid profile at baseline were less beneficial in men than in women, and cardiovascular disease was more prevalent in men. Cumulative incidence increased markedly after the age of 50 years in men and after 60 years in women. The lifetime risk was similar (>30%) for both sexes. Subjects with incident AF had a 3.5-fold risk of death in comparison with those without AF. Multivariable-adjusted models showed sex differences for the association of body mass index and AF (hazard ratio per standard deviation increase, 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–1.23 in women versus 1.31; 95% CI 1.25–1.38 in men; interaction P value of 0.001). Total cholesterol was inversely associated with incident AF with a greater risk reduction in women (hazard ratio per SD, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.81–0.90 versus 0.92; 95% CI, 0.88–0.97 in men; interaction P value of 0.023). No sex differences were seen for C-reactive protein and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide. The population-attributable risk of all risk factors combined was 41.9% in women and 46.0% in men. About 20% of the risk was observed for body mass index.Conclusions: Lifetime risk of AF was high, and AF was strongly associated with increased mortality both in women and men. Body mass index explained the largest proportion of AF risk. Observed sex differences in the association of body mass index and total cholesterol with AF need to be evaluated for underlying pathophysiology and relevance to sex-specific prevention strategies.
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| 42. |
- Molinaro, Antonio, et al.
(författare)
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Imidazole propionate is increased in diabetes and associated with dietary patterns and altered microbial ecology
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microbiota-host-diet interactions contribute to the development of metabolic diseases. Imidazole propionate is a novel microbially produced metabolite from histidine, which impairs glucose metabolism. Here, we show that subjects with prediabetes and diabetes in the MetaCardis cohort from three European countries have elevated serum imidazole propionate levels. Furthermore, imidazole propionate levels were increased in subjects with low bacterial gene richness and Bacteroides 2 enterotype, which have previously been associated with obesity. The Bacteroides 2 enterotype was also associated with increased abundance of the genes involved in imidazole propionate biosynthesis from dietary histidine. Since patients and controls did not differ in their histidine dietary intake, the elevated levels of imidazole propionate in type 2 diabetes likely reflects altered microbial metabolism of histidine, rather than histidine intake per se. Thus the microbiota may contribute to type 2 diabetes by generating imidazole propionate that can modulate host inflammation and metabolism.
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| 43. |
- Mosegaard, Lene, et al.
(författare)
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Intermediate phases observed during decomposition of LiBH4
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - 0925-8388. ; 446-447, s. 301-305
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lithium tetrahydridoboranate is among the materials with the highest hydrogen content and has great potential as a possible H-2-storage material, although, the release and uptake of H-2 is not fully understood. In this work, LiBH4 was studied by in situ synchrotron radiation powder X-ray diffraction (PXD) and solid state CP/MAS NNIR both at variable temperatures. This study revealed two new phases observed during dehydrogenation of LiBH4. Phase I is hexagonal, a = 4.93(2) and c = 13.47(3) angstrom and is observed in the temperature range -200-300 degrees C, and phase II is orthorhombic, a = 8.70(1), b = 5.44(1) and c = 4.44](8) angstrom and is observed in the temperature range similar to 300-400 degrees C applying a constant heating rate of 5 degrees C/min. Apparently, I transforms into II, e.g. at a constant temperature of T= 265 degrees C after 5 h. Furthermore, a third phase, III, is observed in the temperature range RT to 70 degrees C, and is caused by a reaction between LiBH4 and water vapor from the atmosphere. Hydrogen release is associated with the decomposition of III at ca. 65 degrees C. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 44. |
- Neumann, Johannes Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Prognostic value of cardiovascular biomarkers in the population
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 0098-7484 .- 1538-3598.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance: Identification of individuals at high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease within the population is important to inform primary prevention strategies.Objective: To evaluate the prognostic value of routinely available cardiovascular biomarkers when added to established risk factors.Design, Setting, and Participants: Individual-level analysis including data on cardiovascular biomarkers from 28 general population-based cohorts from 12 countries and 4 continents with assessments by participant age. The median follow-up was 11.8 years.Exposure: Measurement of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, B-type natriuretic peptide, or high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which included all fatal and nonfatal events. The secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality, heart failure, ischemic stroke, and myocardial infarction. Subdistribution hazard ratios (HRs) for the association of biomarkers and outcomes were calculated after adjustment for established risk factors. The additional predictive value of the biomarkers was assessed using the C statistic and reclassification analyses.Results: The analyses included 164054 individuals (median age, 53.1 years [IQR, 42.7-62.9 years] and 52.4% were women). There were 17211 incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events. All biomarkers were significantly associated with incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (subdistribution HR per 1-SD change, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.11-1.16] for high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I; 1.18 [95% CI, 1.12-1.23] for high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T; 1.21 [95% CI, 1.18-1.24] for N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; 1.14 [95% CI, 1.08-1.22] for B-type natriuretic peptide; and 1.14 [95% CI, 1.12-1.16] for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) and all secondary outcomes. The addition of each single biomarker to a model that included established risk factors improved the C statistic. For 10-year incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in younger people (aged <65 years), the combination of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein resulted in a C statistic improvement from 0.812 (95% CI, 0.8021-0.8208) to 0.8194 (95% CI, 0.8089-0.8277). The combination of these biomarkers also improved reclassification compared with the conventional model. Improvements in risk prediction were most pronounced for the secondary outcomes of heart failure and all-cause mortality. The incremental value of biomarkers was greater in people aged 65 years or older vs younger people.Conclusions and Relevance: Cardiovascular biomarkers were strongly associated with fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events and mortality. The addition of biomarkers to established risk factors led to only a small improvement in risk prediction metrics for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but was more favorable for heart failure and mortality..
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| 45. |
- Nilsson Pingel, Torben, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of atomic site-specific strain on catalytic activity of supported nanoparticles
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heterogeneous catalysis is an enabling technology that utilises transition metal nanoparticles (NPs) supported on oxides to promote chemical reactions. Structural mismatch at the NP–support interface generates lattice strain that could affect catalytic properties. However, detailed knowledge about strain in supported NPs remains elusive. We experimentally measure the strain at interfaces, surfaces and defects in Pt NPs supported on alumina and ceria with atomic resolution using high-precision scanning transmission electron microscopy. The largest strains are observed at the interfaces and are predominantly compressive. Atomic models of Pt NPs with experimentally measured strain distributions are used for firstprinciples kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of the CO oxidation reaction. The presence of only a fraction of strained surface atoms is found to affect the turnover frequency. These results provide a quantitative understanding of the relationship between strain and catalytic function and demonstrate that strain engineering can potentially be used for catalyst design.
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| 46. |
- Rönn, Tina, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of age, BMI and HbA1c levels on the genome-wide DNA methylation and mRNA expression patterns in human adipose tissue and identification of epigenetic biomarkers in blood.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 24:13, s. 3792-3813
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased age, BMI and HbA1c levels are risk factors for several non-communicable diseases. However, the impact of these factors on the genome-wide DNA methylation pattern in human adipose tissue remains unknown. We analyzed DNA methylation of ∼480,000 sites in human adipose tissue from 96 males and 94 females, and related methylation to age, BMI and HbA1c. We also compared epigenetic signatures in adipose tissue and blood. Age was significantly associated with both altered DNA methylation and expression of 1,050 genes (e.g. FHL2, NOX4 and PLG). Interestingly, many reported epigenetic biomarkers of ageing in blood, including ELOVL2, FHL2, KLF14 and GLRA1, also showed significant correlations between adipose tissue DNA methylation and age in our study. The most significant association between age and adipose tissue DNA methylation was found upstream of ELOVL2. We identified 2,825 genes (e.g. FTO, ITIH5, CCL18, MTCH2, IRS1 and SPP1) where both DNA methylation and expression correlated with BMI. Methylation at previously reported HIF3A sites correlated significantly with BMI in females only. HbA1c (range 28-46 mmol/mol) correlated significantly with methylation of 711 sites, annotated to e.g. RAB37, TICAM1 and HLA-DPB1. Pathway analyses demonstrated that methylation levels associated with age and BMI are overrepresented among genes involved in cancer, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Our results highlight the impact of age, BMI and HbA1c on epigenetic variation of candidate genes for metabolic diseases and cancer in human adipose tissue. Importantly, we demonstrate that epigenetic biomarkers in blood can mirror age-related epigenetic signatures in target tissues for metabolic diseases such as adipose tissue.
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| 47. |
- Stafoggia, Massimo, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term exposure to low ambient air pollution concentrations and mortality among 28 million people : results from seven large European cohorts within the ELAPSE project
- 2022
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Ingår i: The Lancet Planetary Health. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2542-5196. ; 6:1, s. e9-e18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with premature mortality, but associations at concentrations lower than current annual limit values are uncertain. We analysed associations between low-level air pollution and mortality within the multicentre study Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe (ELAPSE).Methods In this multicentre longitudinal study, we analysed seven population-based cohorts of adults (age ≥30 years) within ELAPSE, from Belgium, Denmark, England, the Netherlands, Norway, Rome (Italy), and Switzerland (enrolled in 2000–11; follow-up until 2011–17). Mortality registries were used to extract the underlying cause of death for deceased individuals. Annual average concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2·5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon, and tropospheric warm-season ozone (O3) from Europe-wide land use regression models at 100 m spatial resolution were assigned to baseline residential addresses. We applied cohort-specific Cox proportional hazard models with adjustment for area-level and individual-level covariates to evaluate associations with non-accidental mortality, as the main outcome, and with cardiovascular, non-malignant respiratory, and lung cancer mortality. Subset analyses of participants living at low pollutant concentrations (as per predefined values) and natural splines were used to investigate the concentration-response function. Cohort-specific effect estimates were pooled in a random-effects meta-analysis.Findings We analysed 28 153 138 participants contributing 257 859 621 person-years of observation, during which 3 593 741 deaths from non-accidental causes occurred. We found significant positive associations between non-accidental mortality and PM2·5, NO2, and black carbon, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1·053 (95% CI 1·021–1·085) per 5 μg/m3 increment in PM2·5, 1·044 (1·019–1·069) per 10 μg/m3 NO2, and 1·039 (1·018–1·059) per 0·5 × 10−5/m black carbon. Associations with PM2·5, NO2, and black carbon were slightly weaker for cardiovascular mortality, similar for non-malignant respiratory mortality, and stronger for lung cancer mortality. Warm-season O3 was negatively associated with both non-accidental and cause-specific mortality. Associations were stronger at low concentrations: HRs for non-accidental mortality at concentrations lower than the WHO 2005 air quality guideline values for PM2·5 (10 μg/m3) and NO2 (40 μg/m3) were 1·078 (1·046–1·111) per 5 μg/m3 PM2·5 and 1·049 (1·024–1·075) per 10 μg/m3 NO2. Similarly, the association between black carbon and non-accidental mortality was highest at low concentrations, with a HR of 1·061 (1·032–1·092) for exposure lower than 1·5× 10−5/m, and 1·081 (0·966–1·210) for exposure lower than 1·0× 10−5/m.Interpretation Long-term exposure to concentrations of PM2·5 and NO2 lower than current annual limit values was associated with non-accidental, cardiovascular, non-malignant respiratory, and lung cancer mortality in seven large European cohorts. Continuing research on the effects of low concentrations of air pollutants is expected to further inform the process of setting air quality standards in Europe and other global regions.
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| 48. |
- Törneman, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Övervakad Naturlig Självrening som åtgärdsstrategi på förorenade områden
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Förord Ett av riksdagens miljömål är Giftfri miljö, och i detta mål ingår att efterbehandla och sanera förorenade områden. Brist på kunskap om risker med förorenade områden och hur de bör hanteras har identifierats som hinder för ett effektivt saneringsarbete. Naturvårdsverket har därför initierat kunskapsprogrammet Hållbar Sanering. Föreliggande rapport redovisar projektet ”Övervakad naturlig självrening” som har genomförts inom Hållbar Sanering. Denna rapport är avsedd att ge en introduktion till användandet av Övervakad Naturlig Självrening (ÖNS) som en åtgärdsmetod vid efterbehandling av förorenat grundvatten. Rapporten är riktad till berörda problemägare, myndigheter, konsulter och entreprenörer. Rapporten innehåller en översikt över de viktigaste naturliga självreningsprocesserna för de vanligaste grupperna av organiska och oorganiska ämnen samt en genomgång av metoder för att utvärdera om ÖNS kan beaktas som en tillämplig åtgärdsmetod. De flesta metoder och modeller som redovisas har utvecklats i Nordamerika där användningen av ÖNS är vanlig. Några av angreppssätten tillämpas idag ställvis i Västeuropa. Utvecklingen av både teoretiska och analytiska ÖNS-metoder har skett snabbt under de två senaste decennierna och en förhållandevis intensiv utveckling pågår fortfarande. I rapporten redovisas vidare en arbetsgång för att utvärdera om ÖNS är en tilllämplig åtgärdsmetod för ett givet efterbehandlingsobjekt. Rapporten innehåller också en fallstudie för att exemplifiera hela arbetsgången samt (i bilagor) flera fallstudier som exemplifierar viktiga delar av arbetsgången vid efterbehandlingsprojekt i USA och Danmark. Det är viktigt att framhålla att denna rapport inte kan nyttjas som enda underlag för att genomföra ett ÖNS-projekt. Detta måste baseras på många platsspecifika faktorer. Behandlingstester erfordras ofta, och expertis bör involveras i det slutliga ställningstagandet om ÖNS kan användas eller ej. Det bör dessutom framhållas att den redovisade arbetsgången inte nödvändigtvis passar i alla situationer. Rapporten har tagits fram av SWECO Environment AB (tidigare SWECO VIAK AB) i samverkan med konsultföretagen GeoSyntec, USA/Canada. Även COWI A/S, Danmark har medverkat med exempel på hur ÖNS används i Danmark. De personer som har deltagit i arbetet är Niklas Törneman (projektledare), Lars Karlsson och Peter Englöv, SWECO Environment AB, Evan E. Cox, Neal D. Durant, Carol Azziz, GeoSyntec samt Jarl Dall-Jepsen och Torben Højbjerg Jørgensen, COWI. Kontaktperson för Hållbar Sanering har varit Bo Svensson vid Linköpings universitet. Naturvårdsverket har inte tagit ställning till innehållet i rapporten. Författarna svarar ensamma för innehåll, slutsatser och eventuella rekommendationer. Naturvårdsverket april 2009
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