| 51. |
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| 52. |
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| 53. |
- Sundberg, J
(författare)
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Parasites, plumage coloration and reproductive success in the yellowhammer, Emberiza citrinella
- 1995
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Ingår i: OIKOS. - : MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD. - 0030-1299. ; 74:2, s. 331-339
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The prevalence and intensity of haematozoan parasites, with special emphasis on Haemoproteus coatneyi, was studied in relation to male plumage coloration, and reproductive success in a population of yellowhammers (Emberiza citrinella). Parasite prevalence
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| 54. |
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| 55. |
- Svensson, BW
(författare)
-
Local dispersal and its life-history consequences in a rock pool population of a gyrinid beetle
- 1998
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Ingår i: OIKOS. - : MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD. - 0030-1299. ; 82:1, s. 111-122
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Dispersal and reproduction were studied in a patchy rock pool population of the long-lived partially bivoltine Gyrinus opacus in south-central Sweden. In most years many pools dry out during spring to early summer triggering adult local dispersal and lead
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| 56. |
- Thoren, LM, et al.
(författare)
-
Somatic cost of reproduction in three carnivorous Pinguicula species
- 1996
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Ingår i: OIKOS. - : MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD. - 0030-1299. ; 76:3, s. 427-434
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We estimated the cost of reproduction and reproductive effort in three iteroparous plant species, Pinguicula alpina, P. villosa and P. vulgaris, in a subarctic environment. The phenotypic costs of reproduction were quantified by comparing resource pools (
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| 57. |
- Tunlid, Anders
(författare)
-
Molecular biology : A linkage between microbial ecology, general ecology and organismal biology
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Oikos. - : JSTOR. - 0030-1299. ; 85:2, s. 177-189
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The field of microbial ecology has been developing rapidly, largely owing to the introduction of new molecular methods for identifying individuals, species and populations of microorganisms in nature. In contrast to traditional methods, the new ones do not require the isolation and culture of organisms from the environment. With many of the new methods, genotypes and species of microorganisms can be identified by using 'marker' sequences of nucleic acids that can be related to those of other organisms by applying phylogenetic methods. Thus molecular techniques provide information on both the structure and evolutionary relationships of organisms in microbial communities. Methods are also available for analyzing gene expression and metabolic activities of microbial communities in situ. They make it possible to link microbial diversity to ecological processes and to bridge the gap between microbiology in the laboratory, microbial ecology and general ecology. The development of microbial ecology has been highly dependent on information obtained from studies of microorganisms in pure or mixed cultures. These studies have been focused on identifying genes, enzymes, metabolites, etc., involved in important microbial interactions and ecological processes, such as parasitism, symbiosis, decomposition and nitrogen transformation. Recently this 'organism-oriented' branch of microbial ecology has been strongly stimulated by the results obtained within the large genome projects. Large-scale sequencing and functional analyses of genes, transcripts, proteins and metabolic pathways are being carried out on a number of microorganisms, including the well-characterized 'model organisms' (such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as well as several species of substantial ecological importance. A major future challenge of 'post-genome' projects will be to decipher the relationships between genotypes and phenotypes, and to link molecular mechanisms to adaptive variation. These are also central problems in ecology. The strong connection between microbial ecology and molecular biology should inspire us to make further advances in these areas of ecology as well as to integrate general ecology more closely with organismal biology.
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| 58. |
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| 59. |
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| 60. |
- Wittzell, Håkan
(författare)
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Directional selection on morphology In the pheasant, Phasianus colchicus
- 1991
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Ingår i: Oikos. - 1600-0706. ; 61:3, s. 394-400
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Directional selection was relatively frequent, and in some instances intense, during a three-year study of a pheasant population. The pheasant is a polygynous species. In addition to weight, tarsus length and wing length, which were studied in both sexes, three beak characters were measured in females, and tail and spur length in males. Both univariate and multivariate techniques were used to estimate selection. Selection associated with survival and reproductive success was detected in both sexes. Selection gradients indicated consistent opposing selection for low weight and long tarsus in association with female survival, while female reproductive success was negatively related to bill length. In males, several phenotypically correlated characters covaried positively with reproductive success, which was measured both as the number of acquired females and the estimated number of sired chicks. However, only the selection gradients for spur length were significant, indicating that spur length is the most important factor for male reproductive success. Male survival was also associated with spur length. This suggests that spur length at the phenotypic level is enhanced by both natural and sexual selection.
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