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| 52. |
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| 53. |
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| 54. |
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| 55. |
- Svedman, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Deodorants: an experimental provocation study with hydroxycitronellal.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873. ; 48:4, s. 217-223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Axillary dermatitis is a common problem, particularly in individuals with contact allergy to fragrances. Many individuals suspect their deodorant to be the causal product of their fragrance allergy. It has been shown that deodorants containing cinnamic aldehyde (cinnamal) can elicit axillary dermatitis in patients sensitized to this substance. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the importance of hydroxycitronellal used in deodorants for the development of axillary dermatitis, when applied by individuals with and without contact allergy to this fragrance chemical. Patch tests with deodorants and ethanolic solutions containing hydroxycitronellal, as well as repeated open application tests (ROAT) with roll-on deodorants with and without hydroxycitronellal at different concentrations, were performed in 14 dermatitis patients, 7 with and 7 without contact allergy to hydroxycitronellal. A positive ROAT was noted only in the patients hypersensitive to hydroxycitronellal (P < 0·001) and only in the axilla to which the deodorants containing hydroxycitronellal had been applied (P < 0·001). Deodorants containing hydroxycitronellal in the concentration range of 0·032–0·32% used twice daily on healthy skin in individuals hypersensitive to hydroxycitronellal can elicit axillary dermatitis in a few weeks.
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| 56. |
- Tanaka, S, et al.
(författare)
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Contact allergy to isoeugenol and its derivatives: problems with allergen substitution
- 2004
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 51:5-6, s. 288-291
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A total of 2261 (808 male, 1453 female) consecutive patients attending contact dermatitis clinics were patch tested to isoeugenol and its derivatives listed in the EU Inventory of Fragrance Ingredients. Positive reactions were found to isoeugenol in 40, transisoeugenol in 40, isoeugenyl acetate in 19, isoeugenyl benzoate in 4, isoeugenyl phenylacetate in 16, isoeugenyl methyl ether in 6 and benzyl isoeugenyl ether in 2 patients. There was a concomitant reaction to isoeugenol in 36/40 of those positive to transisoeugenol, 13/19 of those to isoeugenyl acetate, 3/4 of those to isoeugenyl benzoate and 15/16 of those to isoeugenyl phenylacetate but in none of those 6 positive to isoeugenyl methyl ether and in neither of those 2 positive to benzyl isoeugenyl ether. Concomitant contact allergy between isoeugenol and its derivatives may occur through chemical cross-reactivity or local skin metabolism of the derivatives. It is more commonly observed with the esters rather than the ethers. Isoeugenyl acetate has been proposed as an alternative to isoeugenol, but there is a high degree of concomitant reactivity with isoeugenol.
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| 57. |
- Vult von Steyern, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Fracture strength of In-Ceram all-ceramic bridges in relation to cervical shape and try-in procedure. An in-vitro study.
- 2000
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Ingår i: European Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry. - 0965-7452. ; 8:4, s. 153-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Investigations were performed on the strength of dental porcelain depending on whether it was exposed to saliva before or after the final firing. Forty porcelain specimens were fabricated and subjected to different treatments. A three-point flexural test was performed. In a second study investigations were performed to compare how the cervical shape of the preparation influenced the fracture strength of fixed partial dentures made of glass-infiltrated aluminium oxide. It was concluded that short-term exposure to saliva could have a negative effect on the strength of porcelain and that all-ceramic bridges luted with non-adhesive luting techniques should be supported by abutments with shoulder preparations.
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