| 61. |
- Carlsson, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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Ever Smoking is Not Associated with Performed Spirometry while Occupational Exposure and Respiratory Symptoms are
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of COPD. - 1176-9106. ; 18, s. 341-348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Despite recommendations, assessment using spirometry or peak expiratory flow is insufficient in the clinical evaluation of suspected obstructive pulmonary disease. The aim was to investigate factors associated with performing spirometry or peak flow expiratory flow assessment. Methods: Randomly selected subjects from the general population aged 50–65 completed a respiratory questionnaire with items about the history of previously performed spirometry or peak expiratory flow. The association between ever having had spirometry or peak expiratory flow performed was analyzed for smoking, age, sex, occupational exposures, dyspnea, wheeze, self-reported physician diagnosed asthma and COPD using multivariable logistic regression models. The results are presented as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results: Of the 1105 participants, 43.4% (n=479) had a history of previously performed spirometry or peak expiratory flow. Occupational exposure (OR 1.72, [95% CI] 1.30–2.27), wheeze (OR 2.29, 1.41–3.70), and dyspnea (OR 1.70, 1.11–2.60) were associated with previously performed spirometry. Compared to men, women had spirometry or peak expiratory flow performed less often (OR 0.67, 0.51–0.86). Neither current smoking (OR 0.83, 0.57–1.20) or former smoking (OR 1.27, 0.96–1.67) were associated with performed spirometry or peak expiratory flow. Conclusion: We found no relation between smoking status and a history of previously performed spirometry or peak expiratory flow in a population-based sample of middle-aged people. This is surprising regarding the strong guidelines which highlight the importance for spirometry surveillance on current smokers due to their increased risk of lung disease. Male sex, respiratory symptoms and occupational exposures to air pollution were associated with previously performed spirometry or peak expiratory flow. The association with occupational exposure may be an effect of pre-employment screening and workplace surveillance, and the findings indicate that females do not receive the same attention regarding spirometry or peak expiratory flow.
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| 62. |
- Carlsten, C., et al.
(författare)
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COVID-19 as an occupational disease
- 2021
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Ingår i: American Journal of Industrial Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0271-3586 .- 1097-0274. ; 64:4, s. 227-237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 permeates all aspects of society worldwide. Initial medical reports and media coverage have increased awareness of the risk imposed on healthcare workers in particular, during this pandemic. However, the health implications of COVID-19 for the global workforce are multifaceted and complex, warranting careful reflection and consideration to mitigate the adverse effects on workers worldwide. Accordingly, our review offers a framework for considering this topic, highlighting key issues, with the aim to prompt and inform action, including research, to minimize the occupational hazards imposed by this ongoing challenge. We address respiratory disease as a primary concern, while recognizing the multisystem spectrum of COVID-19-related disease and how clinical aspects are interwoven with broader socioeconomic forces.
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| 63. |
- Carsin, Anne-Elie, et al.
(författare)
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Regular Physical Activity Levels and Incidence of Restrictive Spirometry Pattern : A Longitudinal Analysis of Two Population-based Cohorts
- 2020
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Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 189:12, s. 1521-1528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We estimated the association between regular physical activity and the incidence of restrictive spirometry pattern. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and physical activity were assessed in 2 population-based European cohorts (European Community Respiratory Health Survey: n = 2,757, aged 39–67 years; and Swiss Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Diseases in Adults: n = 2,610, aged 36–82 years) first in 2000–2002 and again approximately 10 years later (2010–2013). Subjects with restrictive or obstructive spirometry pattern at baseline were excluded. We assessed the association of being active at baseline (defined as being physically active at least 2–3 times/week for ≥1 hour) with restrictive spirometry pattern at follow-up (defined as a postbronchodilation FEV1/FVC ratio of at least the lower limit of normal and FVC of <80% predicted) using modified Poisson regression, adjusting for relevant confounders. After 10 years of follow-up, 3.3% of participants had developed restrictive spirometry pattern. Being physically active was associated with a lower risk of developing this phenotype (relative risk = 0.76, 95% confidence interval: 0.59, 0.98). This association was stronger among those who were overweight and obese than among those of normal weight (P for interaction = 0.06). In 2 large European studies, adults practicing regular physical activity were at lower risk of developing restrictive spirometry pattern over 10 years.
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| 64. |
- Carsin, Anne-Elie, et al.
(författare)
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Restrictive spirometry pattern is associated with low physical activity levels : A population based international study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 146, s. 116-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Restrictive spirometry pattern is an under-recognised disorder with a poor morbidity and mortality prognosis. We compared physical activity levels between adults with a restrictive spirometry pattern and with normal spirometry.Methods: Restrictive spirometry pattern was defined as a having post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ≥ Lower Limit of Normal and a FVC<80% predicted in two population-based studies (ECRHS-III and SAPALDIA3). Physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The odds of having low physical activity (<1st study-specific tertile) was evaluated using adjusted logistic regression models.Results: Subjects with a restrictive spirometry pattern (n = 280/4721 in ECRHS, n = 143/3570 in SAPALDIA) reported lower levels of physical activity than those with normal spirometry (median of 1770 vs 2253 MET·min/week in ECRHS, and 3519 vs 3945 MET·min/week in SAPALDIA). Subjects with a restrictive spirometry pattern were more likely to report low physical activity (meta-analysis odds ratio: 1.41 [95%CI 1.07–1.86]) than those with a normal spirometry. Obesity, respiratory symptoms, co-morbidities and previous physical activity levels did not fully explain this finding.Conclusion: Adults with a restrictive spirometry pattern were more likely to report low levels of physical activity than those with normal spirometry. These results highlight the need to identify and act on this understudied but prevalent condition.
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| 65. |
- Carsin, A. E., et al.
(författare)
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Serum Total Immunoglobulin E Is a Surrogate of Atopy in Adult-Onset Asthma: A Longitudinal Study
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1018-2438 .- 1423-0097. ; 160:4, s. 387-392
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Studies have shown that serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels are higher in asthmatics. However, the role of the serum total IgE level, independently from atopy, in adult asthma is not understood. We studied the associations between serum total IgE, the number of sensitizations and the sum of specific IgEs and new-onset asthma using longitudinal data from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. Methods: Serum total and specific IgE to 4 common inhalant allergens were measured at baseline in 9,175 participants, with a follow-up of 9 years. Individuals with asthma history and/or asthma symptoms were excluded. Atopy was defined as the presence of at least one specific IgE >= 0.35 kU/l. Total and specific IgEs were regressed against new-onset asthma using multivariate logistic regression with a random intercept for the study centre. Results: Two hundred and ninety-seven participants had developed asthma during follow-up (incidence rate 5.7 per 1,000 person- years). A 10% higher level of total IgE was associated with a 12% increased risk of new-onset asthma (p = 0.005). However, after adjustment for the number of positive specific IgEs [odds ratio (OR) for multiple sensitization 1.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-2.88] and the sum of allergen-specific IgEs (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.00-1.40), the association between total IgE and asthma disappeared (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.91-1.10). Seventeen percent of new-onset asthma cases could be attributed to atopy, and this estimate was not largely modified when the total IgE level was simultaneously taken into account. Conclusions: After taking into account the number and intensity of 4 specific IgEs, the serum total IgE level was not associated with new-onset asthma in adults.
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| 66. |
- Carsin, A. E., et al.
(författare)
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Spirometric patterns in young and middle-aged adults: a 20-year European study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Thorax. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0040-6376 .- 1468-3296. ; 79:2, s. 153-162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Understanding the natural history of abnormal spirometric patterns at different stages of life is critical to identify and optimise preventive strategies. We aimed to describe characteristics and risk factors of restrictive and obstructive spirometric patterns occurring before 40 years (young onset) and between 40 and 61 years (mid-adult onset). Methods We used data from the population- based cohort of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS). Prebronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were assessed longitudinally at baseline (ECRHS1, 1993-1994) and again 20 years later ( ECRHS3, 2010-2013). Spirometry patterns were defined as: restrictive if FEV1/ FVC >= LLN and FVC<10th percentile, obstructive if FEV1/FVC
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| 67. |
- Castenbrandt, Helene, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in Health: The Influence of Gender and Institutional Settings on Sickness Claims in Gothenburg, Sweden (1898-1950)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Social History of Medicine. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0951-631X .- 1477-4666. ; 33:4, s. 1259-1281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sickness funds information has given conflicting evidence on the evolution of morbidity during the mortality decline. Evidence on increased morbidity has been explained by an actual increase of morbidity, a cultural inflation of morbidity or changing institutional settings, however, morbidity rates have also been shown to be stable over time when age composition of members is controlled for. Most previous studies have been confined to data on men; however, in an earlier article, Castenbrandt found large gender differences in historical sick leave by using national statistics on both men and women. To move forward, this article aims to analyse trends in sickness claims during the mortality decline in the early twentieth century using individual level data from Swedish sickness funds covering the period 1898-1950. Concretely, we investigate gender differences in sickness claims (incidence and duration) and how institutional settings (member composition and fund-specific regulations) affected the sick leave patterns.
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| 68. |
- Clarhed, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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BMI as a risk factor for the development of chronic rhinosinusitis: a prospective population-based study
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-4477 .- 1434-4726. ; 279, s. 4953-4959
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Obesity is a growing, global health problem and previous cross-sectional studies have demonstrated an association between obesity and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). There is, however, a lack of prospective studies regarding the impact of obesity on developing (new-onset) CRS. Methods Questionnaire-based data (n = 5769) relating to new-onset CRS and Body Mass Index (BMI) were collected in 2013 and 2018 from the Telemark population study in Telemark, Norway. Odds ratios for the risk of new-onset CRS in 2018 in relation to BMI in 2013 were calculated, adjusted for smoking habits, asthma, gender and age. Results When comparing the group with normal weight (18.5 <= BMI < 25) with the obese group (BMI >= 30), the odds of new-onset CRS was 53% higher [OR 1.53 (1.11, 2.10)] in the obese group. Conclusion CRS is a multifactorial disease with different phenotypes and it is important to consider obesity when assessing patients with CRS in a clinical setting.
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| 69. |
- Clarhed, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Chronic Rhinosinusitis Related to Occupational Exposure- the Telemark Population Study.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of occupational and environmental medicine. - 1536-5948. ; 60:7, s. 656-660
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate the association between occupational exposure and chronic rhinosinusitis.A random population from the region of Telemark, aged 16-50, answered a respiratory questionnaire including questions on chronic rhinosinusitis and exposure in the occupational environment.A total of 16,099/48,142 subjects responded. The prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis was 9%. Exposure associated with chronic rhinosinusitis comprised paper dust (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1, 1.5), cleaning agents (OR 1.2, CI 1.0, 1.3), metal dust (OR 1.3, CI 1.1, 1.6), animals (OR 1.2, CI 1.0, 1.5), moisture/mould/mildew (OR 1.3, CI 1.1, 1.5) and physically strenuous work (OR 1.4, CI 1.2, 1.7).Occupational exposure to paper dust, cleaning agents, metal dust, animals, moisture/mould/mildew and physically strenuous work was independently related to having chronic rhinosinusitis. An occupational history should be reviewed when assessing patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.
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| 70. |
- Djekic, Demir, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Social Support and Subclinical Coronary Artery Disease in Middle-Aged Men and Women: Findings from the Pilot of Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social support has been associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), particularly in individuals who have sustained a cardiovascular event. This study investigated the relationship between social support and subclinical CAD among 1067 healthy middle-aged men and women. Social support was assessed with validated social integration and emotional attachment measures. Subclinical CAD was assessed as a coronary artery calcium score (CACS) using computed tomography. There was no association between social support and CACS in men. In women, low social support was strongly linked to cardiovascular risk factors, high levels of inflammatory markers, and CACS > 0. In a logistic regression model, after adjustment for 12 cardiovascular risk factors, the odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) for CACS > 0 in women with the lowest social integration, emotional attachment, and social support groups (reference: highest corresponding group) were 2.47 (1.23-5.12), 1.87 (0.93-3.59), and 4.28 (1.52-12.28), respectively. Using a machine learning approach (random forest), social integration was the fourth (out of 12) most important risk factor for CACS > 0 in women. Women with lower compared to higher or moderate social integration levels were about 14 years older in "vascular age". This study showed an association between lack of social support and subclinical CAD in middle-aged women, but not in men. Lack of social support may affect the atherosclerotic process and identify individuals vulnerable to CAD events.
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