| 61. |
- Roos Af Hjelmsäter, Emma, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Children’s truthful and deceptive testimonies: Effects of increasing the cognitive load
- 2009
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Ingår i: The 6th meeting of the NNPL, Tallinn (Estonia) October 9-10, 2009..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ‘imposing cognitive load’ approach to deception detection, developed by Aldert Vrij and colleagues (2006), suggests that lying is a more cognitively demanding task than telling the truth. It also proposes that by introducing cognitively demanding interventions during an interview the cognitive load will be enlarged and the differences between liars and truth-tellers will be even more pronounced. This experimental study explores this cognitive approach by investigating how children’s ability to provide truthful and deceptive testimonies is affected by an increased cognitive load. Forty-two children (12-13 year olds) were interviewed about two events; one self-experienced (truthful) and one made-up (deceptive) event. Half were interviewed about the events in a regular interview setting. The other half played a game designed to increase cognitive load while being interviewed. Preliminary results, in the ongoing data collection, show that the children in the cognitive load condition performed better–they gave a fuller account in the free recall phase and answered more questions–than did the children in the regular condition. Moreover, the children performed better when interviewed about the second event than when interviewed about the first event. However, our preliminary analyses do not show any difference between the children’s deceptive and truthful accounts. Thus, the study does not show support for the ‘imposing cognitive load’ approach. The theoretical implications and practical applications will be discussed.
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| 62. |
- Sohlberg, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
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Sociotropy, autonomy, and depressive response to an unconscious challenge
- 2006
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Ingår i: Cognitive Therapy and Research. - New York : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0147-5916 .- 1573-2819. ; 30:1, s. 85-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Important, but not unequivocal, support has been found for Sociotropy and Autonomy as vulnerability factors for depression. Using a novel approach we gave subliminal sociotropy-related and autonomy-related visuoverbal stimulation to nondepressed students (Study 1, N=36), and patients treated for clinical depression (Study 2, N=34) in completely balanced within-groups designs. Autonomy, as measured with the Personal Style Inventory, was unrelated to response. Sociotropy predicted negative outcome after a sociotropy-related abandonment stimulus in both Study 1 (r=-.34 to a decrease in positively valenced autobiographical memories) and Study 2 (r=.38 to an increase in selection of depression-related words on a word-selection task). This finding may interest developers of depression therapies, and support further attempts to study Sociotropy as a putative vulnerability factor for depression.
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| 63. |
- Strömwall, Leif, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Detecting Male and Female Criminals’ Truths and Lies
- 2009
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Ingår i: 19th Conference of the European Association of Psychology and Law (EAPL), Sorrrento, Italy, 2-5 September 2009..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to gain insight into criminals’ lie-telling strategies and their storytelling, an interview study with female and male criminals was conducted. The aim was furthermore to examine if their deceptive and truthful statements could be distinguished with the aid of a set of verbal criteria. Previous research about deception detection has shown higher accuracy for verbal content approaches (such as SVA/CBCA and RM) than for analyses of nonverbal behaviour. In this study, we set out to examine a criteria list suggested by the Swedish Supreme Court which has not been empirically tested until now. Thirty criminals (male and female) were all interviewed twice. Once about a real-life criminal act they had committed and been sentenced for (truths), and once about another criminal act they had never committed (lies). The interviews consisted of a free recall part and a few specific questions about strategies the criminals use used when trying to convince a police investigator of their innocence. A short questionnaire about demographic data and criminal experience was also filled out. The statements were analyzed with a verbal content tool containing a number of criteria supposedly indicating truth and deception. Among the results that will be presented is accuracy rates for truths and lies, and an analysis of the strategies used when lying and telling the truth. We argue that the results are important for how to evaluate criminals’ statements in police investigations. Furthermore, this study was the first to investigate the content criteria suggested by the Swedish Supreme Court.
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| 64. |
- Ögren, Marie-Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Grupphandledning inom psykoterapiutbildningar.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Mellanrummet. - 1404-5559 .- 2000-8511. ; 19, s. 61-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- För att kunna bli en bra terapeut behövs något mer än teoretiska kunskaper. En yrkesskicklighet behöver växa fram genom att teori integreras med tillämpning. Handledning på psykoterapeutisk behandling har en lång tradition som en av tre hörnpelare (teori, egenpsykoterapi och kliniskt arbete under handledning) inom psykoterapiutbildningar på olika nivåer. Tillgång till kontinuerlig handledning har dessutom visat sig fylla en viktig funktion för vidare utveckling och fördjupning för psykoterapeuter för att motverka stagnation och utbrändhet i yrkesrollen.
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| 65. |
- Forsberg-Wärleby, Gunilla, 1953
(författare)
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Närståendes situation
- 2005
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Ingår i: Socialstyrelsens riktlinjer för strokesjukvård: medicinskt och hälsoekonomiskt faktadokument. - Stockholm : Socialstyrelsen. - 9185482064
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 66. |
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| 67. |
- Hemlin, Sven, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Organizational support for innovation in biosciences: Comparing high and low performers in Sweden and Croatia
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Sociological Association, ESA 9th conference, 2-5 September, 2009, Lisbon.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a need to better understand the organizational factors influencing innovative performance. This cross-cultural study examined organizational support factors in biotech R&D groups differing in innovative performance. The objective was to twofold; first to explore how organizing influences innovativeness in R&D, and, second to examine if R&D organizing is related to nations having a low and high innovation degree, respectively. Results supported that organizing R&D as well as national innovation performance are related. Crucial organizational issues found were how much organizations encouraged innovations, the degree of perceived autonomy and to what extent organizations could supply knowledge. Some of the implications of these results are introduced.
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| 68. |
- Holck, Pernille, et al.
(författare)
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Children with cerebral palsy, spina bifida and pragmatic language impairment: Differences and similarities in pragmatic ability
- 2009
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Ingår i: Research in developmental disabilities. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-3379 .- 0891-4222. ; 30, s. 942-951
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pragmatically related abilities were studied in three clinical groups of children from 5 to 11 years of age; children with cerebral palsy (CP; n = 10), children with spina bifida and hydrocephalus (SBH; n = 10) and children with pragmatic language impairment (PLI; n = 10), in order to explore pragmatic abilities within each group. A range of pragmatic, linguistic and cognitive assessments were performed, and comparisons between the groups were made. In addition, connections between variables were studied. The most salient result was the many similarities and the lack of clear boundaries between the groups. The only significant differences found concerned short-term memory and inference ability, where all three groups experienced problems but to varying extent. Different patterns of variance were found in the groups, indicating that different underlying abilities such as reception of grammar, inferential comprehension and lexical comprehension seem to affect pragmatic ability in somewhat different ways. The results suggest that the children with CP and SBH in this study shared a number of pragmatically related traits, being more similar than would be expected according to earlier research. Finally, it is suggested that pragmatic assessment is further subdivided into a socially versus a linguistically related assessment.
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| 69. |
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| 70. |
- Gustafsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of burnout in competitive adolescent athletes
- 2007
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Ingår i: The Sport psychologist. - : Human Kinetics. - 0888-4781 .- 1543-2793. ; 21:1, s. 21-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the factorial validity of the Eades Burnout Inventory (EABI) and the prevalence of burnout in adolescent elite athletes and whether burnout is more common in individual sports than in team sports. The EABI was distributed to 980 athletes (402 females and 578 males) in 29 different sports. Confirmatory-factor analyses revealed an acceptable factorial validity for a theoretically supported four-factor model of the EABI. Between 1% and 9% of the athletes displayed elevated burnout scores on these four subscales. The hypothesis of higher prevalence of burnout in individual sports was, however, not supported. Furthermore, no correlation between training load and burnout scores was found. These findings suggest that factors other than training load must be considered when athletes at risk for burnout are investigated.
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