| 71. |
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| 72. |
- Wang, Yongjun, et al.
(författare)
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Efficacy and Safety of Ticagrelor and Aspirin in Patients With Moderate Ischemic Stroke : An Exploratory Analysis of the THALES Randomized Clinical Trial.
- 2021
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Ingår i: JAMA Neurology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6149 .- 2168-6157. ; 78:9, s. 1091-1098
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance: Prior trials of dual antiplatelet therapy excluded patients with moderate ischemic stroke. These patients were included in the Acute Stroke or Transient Ischaemic Attack Treated With Ticagrelor and ASA for Prevention of Stroke and Death (THALES) trial, but results have not been reported separately, raising concerns about safety and efficacy in this subgroup.Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor plus aspirin in patients with moderate ischemic stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score of 4 to 5).Design, Setting, and Participants: The THALES trial was a randomized trial conducted at 414 hospitals in 28 countries in January 2018 and December 2019. This exploratory analysis compared patients with moderate stroke (baseline NIHSS score of 4 to 5) with patients with less severe stroke (NIHSS score of 0 to 3). A total of 9983 patients with stroke were included in the present analysis, after excluding 2 patients with NIHSS scores greater than 5 and 1031 patients with transient ischemic attack. Data were analyzed from March to April 2021.Interventions: Ticagrelor (180-mg loading dose on day 1 followed by 90 mg twice daily on days 2 to 30) or placebo within 24 hours after symptom onset. All patients received aspirin, 300 to 325 mg, on day 1 followed by aspirin, 75 to 100 mg, daily on days 2 to 30. Patients were observed for 30 additional days.Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was time to stroke or death within 30 days. The primary safety outcome was time to severe bleeding.Results: In total, 3312 patients presented with moderate stroke and 6671 presented with less severe stroke. Of those in the moderate stroke group, 1293 (39.0%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 64.5 (10.8) years; of those in the less severe stroke group, 2518 (37.7%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 64.8 (11.2) years. The observed primary outcome event rate in patients with moderate stroke was 7.6% (129 of 1671) for those in the ticagrelor group and 9.1% (150 of 1641) for those in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.66-1.06); the primary outcome event rate in patients with less severe stroke was 4.7% (158 of 3359) for those in the ticagrelor group and 5.7% (190 of 3312) for those in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.66-1.01) (P for interaction = .88). Severe bleeding occurred in 8 patients (0.5%) in the ticagrelor group and in 4 patients (0.2%) in the placebo group in those with moderate stroke compared with 16 patients (0.5%) and 3 patients (0.1%), respectively, with less severe stroke (P for interaction = .26).Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, patients with a moderate ischemic stroke had consistent benefit from ticagrelor plus aspirin vs aspirin alone compared with patients with less severe ischemic stroke, with no further increase in the risk of intracranial bleeding or other severe bleeding events.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03354429.
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| 73. |
- Wang, Yongjun, et al.
(författare)
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Time Course for Benefit and Risk of Ticagrelor and Aspirin in Acute Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
- 2022
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Ingår i: Neurology. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0028-3878 .- 1526-632X. ; 99:1, s. E46-E54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Objectives The goal of this work was to investigate the short-term time-course benefit and risk of ticagrelor with aspirin in acute mild-moderate ischemic stroke or high-risk TIA in The Acute Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack Treated with Ticagrelor and ASA for Prevention of Stroke and Death (THALES) trial. Methods In an exploratory analysis of the THALES trial, we evaluated the cumulative incidence of irreversible efficacy and safety outcomes at different time points during the 30-day treatment period. The efficacy outcome was major ischemic events defined as a composite of ischemic stroke or nonhemorrhagic death. The safety outcome was major hemorrhage defined as a composite of intracranial hemorrhage and fatal bleedings. Net clinical impact was defined as the combination of these 2 endpoints. Results This analysis included a total of 11,016 patients (5,523 in the ticagrelor-aspirin group, 5,493 in the aspirin group) with a mean age of 65 years, and 39% were women. The reduction of major ischemic events by ticagrelor occurred in the first week (4.1% vs 5.3%; absolute risk reduction 1.15%, 95% CI 0.36%-1.94%) and remained throughout the 30-day treatment period. An increase in major hemorrhage was seen during the first week and remained relatively constant in the following weeks (absolute risk increase approximate to 0.3%). Cumulative analysis showed that the net clinical impact favored ticagrelor-aspirin in the first week (absolute risk reduction 0.97%, 95% CI, 0.17%-1.77%) and remained constant throughout the 30 days. Discussion In patients with mild-moderate ischemic stroke or high-risk TIA, the treatment effect of ticagrelor-aspirin was present from the first week. The ischemic benefit of ticagrelor-aspirin outweighs the risk of major hemorrhage throughout the treatment period, which may support the use of 30-day treatment with ticagrelor and aspirin in these patients. Classification of Evidence This study provides Class II evidence that, for patients with mild-moderate ischemic stroke or high-risk TIA, the ischemic benefit of ticagrelor-aspirin outweighs the risk of major hemorrhage throughout the 30-day treatment period.
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| 74. |
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| 75. |
- Åkerblom, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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Interleukin-18 in patients with acute coronary syndromes.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Clinical Cardiology. - : Wiley. - 0160-9289 .- 1932-8737. ; 42:12, s. 1202-1209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: We aimed to assess associations between circulating IL-18 concentrations and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS).HYPOTHESIS AND METHODS: Plasma IL-18 concentrations were measured at admission, discharge, 1 month, and 6 months in patients with ACS in the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial. Associations with outcomes were evaluated with Cox regression models on the composite of CV death, spontaneous myocardial infarction (sMI), or stroke; and on CV death or sMI separately, including adjustment for clinical risk factors and biomarkers (cTnT-hs, NT-proBNP, cystatin C, CRP-hs, and GDF-15).RESULTS: Median IL-18 concentrations at baseline, discharge, 1 month, and 6 months were 237, 283, 305, and 320 ng/L (n = 16 636). Male sex, obesity, diabetes, and plasma levels of cystatin C, GDF-15, and CRP-hs were independently associated with higher IL-18 levels. Higher baseline IL-18 levels were associated with the composite endpoint and with CV death (hazard ratio [HR] 1.05, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.02-1.07 and HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.06-1.14, respectively, per 25% increase of IL-18 levels). Associations remained significant after adjustment for clinical variables but became non-significant after adjustment for all biomarkers (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.98-1.04 and HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.00-1.08, respectively). There were no associations with sMI.CONCLUSIONS: In ACS patients, IL-18 concentrations increased after the acute event and remained increased for 6 months. Baseline IL-18 levels were significantly associated with CV mortality, independent of clinical characteristics and indicators of renal/cardiac dysfunction but this association was attenuated after adjustment for multiple biomarkers.
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| 76. |
- Åkerblom, Axel, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Polymorphism of the cystatin C gene in patients with acute coronary syndromes : Results from the PLATelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO) Study
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Heart Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-8703 .- 1097-6744. ; 168:1, s. 96-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Purpose: Plasma cystatin C is independently associated with cardiovascular (CV) risk in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS). The effect of genetic variability on cystatin C concentrations and outcome is unclear.Methods: Plasma cystatin C concentrations were measured in blood, obtained within 24 hours of admission, in 16279 ACS patients from the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes trial. 9978 patients were genome-wide genotyped with up to 2.5 million SNPs. The first occurrence of CV death or myocardial infarction (MI) within one year was evaluated by multivariable (clinical variables and biomarkers) Cox regression analysis and c-statistics both overall (all ACS) and in NSTE-ACS.Results: We observed SNPs association with cystatin C levels (up to p=7.82 x 10-16). The most significant SNP (rs6048952) was adjacent the CST3 gene with additive effect on cystatin C concentrations: 0.85mg/L, 0.80mg/L and 0.73mg/L for the A/A, A/G and G/G genotypes respectively. Multivariable c-statistics regarding the combined endpoint (CV death or MI) was 0.6619. Adding cystatin C concentrations or genetically adjusted cystatin C levels, exhibited c-statistics of 0.6705 and 0.6703, respectively.The overall hazard ratio for rs6048952 was 0.93 (95%CI 0.82-1.04) regarding the CV death or MI while 0.85 (95%CI 0.70-1.03) regarding CV death in all ACS patients. In the NSTE-ACS subgroup, the hazard ratio for rs6048952 was 0.72 (95%CI 0.54-0.95).Conclusions: Genetic polymorphism, independently of kidney function, affects cystatin C concentrations, but does not appear to influence ischemic outcome in an overall ACS population. However, genetic variation appears to affect cardiovascular mortality in moderate-to-high risk NSTE-ACS patients.
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| 77. |
- Åkerblom, Axel, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and relevance of abnormal glucose metabolism in acute coronary syndromes : insights from the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis. - : Springer. - 0929-5305 .- 1573-742X. ; 48:4, s. 563-569
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diabetes mellitus (DM) and abnormal glucose metabolism are associated with cardiovascular (CV) disease. We investigated the prevalence and prognostic importance of dysglycaemia in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial. Diabetes was defined as known diabetes or HbA1c >= 6.5% or non-fasting glucose >= 11.1 mmol/L on admission, prediabetes as HbA1c >= 5.7% but < 6.5%, and no diabetes as HbA1c < 5.7%. The primary endpoint was the composite of CV death, spontaneous myocardial infarction type 1 (sMI) or stroke at 12 months. Multivariable Cox regression models, adjusting for baseline characteristics, and biomarkers NT-proBNP and troponin I, were used to explore the association between glycaemia and outcome. On admission, 16,007 (86.1%) patients had HbA1c and/or glucose levels available and were subdivided into DM 38.5% (6160) (1501 patients had no previous DM diagnosis), prediabetes 38.8% (6210), and no DM 22.7% (3637). Kaplan Meier event rates at 12 months for CV death, sMI or stroke per subgroups were 14.5% (832), 9.0% (522), and 8.5% (293), respectively with multivariable adjusted HRs, versus no diabetes, for diabetes: 1.71 (1.50-1.95) and for prediabetes 1.03 (0.90-1.19). Corresponding event rates for CV death were 6.9% (391), 3.4% (195) and 3.0% (102), respectively, with adjusted HRs for patients with DM of: 1.92 (1.42-2.60) and for prediabetes 1.02 (0.79-1.32). Abnormal glucose metabolism is common in ACS patients, but only patients with definite DM have an increased CV risk, indicating that prediabetes is not immediately associated with worse CV outcomes.
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| 78. |
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| 79. |
- Åkerblom, Axel, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Ticagrelor in patients with heart failure after acute coronary syndromes - Insights from the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: American Heart Journal. - : MOSBY-ELSEVIER. - 0002-8703 .- 1097-6744. ; 213, s. 57-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Heart failure (HF) following acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is associated with worse prognosis; however, the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor in patients with HF and if ticagrelor influences the risk of new-onset HF are unknown.Methods: We examined the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor compared to clopidogrel in patients with ACS in the randomized PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial subdivided by strata: (1) previous HF and/or clinical signs of HF on admission or (2) no HF on admission. The primary outcome was the combination of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke evaluated by multivariable Cox regression models. The safety outcome was major bleeding. New-onset HF was defined as an HF event after discharge in patients without previous HF.Results: Data were available in 18,556 patients, whom 2,862 (15.4%) patients had HF, including 1,584 (8.5%) patients with previous HF. Patients randomized to ticagrelor had lower risk of the composite end point regardless of HF status: hazard ratio (HR) 0.87 (95% CI: 0.73-1.03) in patients with HF and HR 0.84 (95% CI: 0.75-0.93) in patients with no HF (P = .76). Corresponding HR for major bleeding were HR 1.08 (95% CI: 0.87-1.34) and HR 1.03 (95% CI: 0.94-1.14) (P = .71). There was no difference in new-onset HF at 12 months between patients randomized to ticagrelor (4.1%, n = 278) or clopidogrel (4.0%, n = 276).Conclusions: In patients with ACS, ticagrelor is more efficacious in protecting against new ischemic events and mortality than clopidogrel irrespective of the presence of HF. There is no difference between ticagrelor or clopidogrel treatment in new-onset HF post-ACS.
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