| 1. |
- Stoltz Sjöström, Elisabeth, et al.
(author)
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Micronutrient Intakes Affect Early Growth in Extremely Preterm Infants : Preliminary Results from a Swedish Cohort
- 2011
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In: Pediatric Research. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1530-0447 .- 0031-3998.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Extremely preterm infants generally experience postnatal growth failure. It is still unclear if this is related to micronutrient intakes.Aim: To investigate the effect of micronutrient intakes (calcium, zinc, iron, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, folate and vitamin B12) on growth during the first 28 days of life in extremely preterm infants.Method: From the EXPRESS cohort (all infants born < 27 gestational weeks between 2004-2007 in Sweden), those who survived the first 28 days were included (n=524). Daily parenteral and enteral intakes and anthropometric measurements were retrieved from hospital records.Results: Preliminary analyses of data from 333 infants (mean±SD gestational age 25.2±1.0 weeks, birth weight 753±168g) showed that macronutrient intakes were lower than recommended (energy 98±13kcal/kg/day, protein 2.9±0.4g/kg/day). Infants showed postnatal growth failure: mean standard deviation scores decreased by 2.2 for weight, 2.3 for length and 1.4 for head circumference. Intakes of micronutrients were generally low, e.g. adjusted enteral intakes of calcium were 66.6±21.4 mg/kg/day. The exception was iron, with a high parenteral intake of 2.7±1.6 mg/kg/day, mainly from blood transfusions. Adjusting for protein intake and other confounders, calcium intakes were positively correlated with head growth (r=+0.19, p=0.006) and iron intakes were negatively correlated with length gain (r=-0.18, p=0.009).Conclusions: Low calcium intakes and high iron intakes were associated with poor growth with regard to head circumference and length, respectively. If these results are confirmed, optimized micronutrient intakes may improve early growth in extremely preterm infants.
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| 2. |
- Abelius, Martina S, et al.
(author)
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High cord blood levels of the T-helper 2-associated chemokines CCL17 and CCL22 precede allergy development during the first 6 years of life
- 2011
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In: Pediatric Research. - 0031-3998 .- 1530-0447. ; 70:5, s. 495-500
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Exposure to a strong T-helper 2 (Th2)-like environment during fetal development may promote allergy development. Increased cord blood (CB) levels of the Th2-associated chemokine CCL22 were associated with allergy development during the first 2 y of life. The aim of the present study was to determine whether CB Th1- and Th2-associated chemokine levels are associated with allergy development during the first 6 y of life, allowing assessment of respiratory allergic symptoms usually developing in this period. The CB levels of cytokines, chemokines, and total IgE were determined in 56 children of 20 women with allergic symptoms and 36 women without allergic symptoms. Total IgE and allergen-specific IgE antibody levels were quantified at 6, 12, 24 mo, and 6 y of age. Increased CB CCL22 levels were associated with development of allergic sensitization and asthma and increased CCL17 levels with development of allergic symptoms, including asthma. Sensitized children with allergic symptoms showed higher CB CCL17 and CCL22 levels and higher ratios between these Th2-associated chemokines and the Th1-associated chemokine CXCL10 than nonsensitized children without allergic symptoms. A pronounced Th2 deviation at birth, reflected by increased CB CCL17 and CCL22 levels, and increased CCL22/CXCL10 and CCL17/CXCL10 ratios might promote allergy development later in life.
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| 3. |
- Abrahamsson, Thomas, et al.
(author)
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Gut microbiota and allergy: the importance of the pregnancy period
- 2015
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In: Pediatric Research. - : Nature Publishing Group: Open Access Hybrid Model Option A. - 0031-3998 .- 1530-0447. ; 77:1, s. 214-219
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Limited microbial exposure is suggested to underlie the increase of allergic diseases in affluent countries, and bacterial diversity seems to be more important than specific bacteria taxa. Prospective studies indicate that the gut microbiota composition during the first months of life influences allergy development, and support the theory that factors influencing the early maturation of the immune system might be important for subsequent allergic disease. However, recent research indicates that microbial exposure during pregnancy may be even more important for the preventative effects against allergic disease. This review gives a background of the epidemiology, immunology, and microbiology literature in this field. It focuses on possible underlying mechanisms such as immune-regulated epigenetic imprinting and bacterial translocation during pregnancy, potentially providing the offspring with a pioneer microbiome. We suggest that a possible reason for the initial exposure of bacterial molecular patterns to the fetus in utero is to prime the immune system and/or the epithelium to respond appropriately to pathogens and commensals after birth.
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| 4. |
- Aburawi, Elhadi H., et al.
(author)
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Effects of N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Left Ventricular Function and Coronary Flow in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
- 2011
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In: Pediatric Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1530-0447 .- 0031-3998. ; 70:227
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purposes: Dietary supplementation with N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3 PUFAs) could have beneficial effects on cardiovascular system in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). Methods: In a double-blind placebo controlled crossover study, 33 children with DM1 duration of more than one year were randomly and equally assigned to either n-3 PUFAs (2 gm/day, Nycoplus® Omega-3, 1000 mg) or placebo treatment for 8 weeks. Following a 4-week period recovery, the groups were crossovered with above treatments for another 8 weeks. Transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTDE) study was done on pre and post treatment visits, and after one month's treatment free recovery for left ventricular function and flow in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Results: Of recruited children 28 (85%) completed the study. n-3 PUFAs treatment was associated with increase in mean cardiac index (CI; from 2.7±0.4 to 3.7±0.8 l/min/m2, p< 0.0001) and left ventricular fractional shortening (FS; from 31±2.5 to 39±3%, p< 0.0001). The treatment decreased both LAD peak flow velocity (PFVd) from 96±17 to 68±12 cm/s, p< 0.0001 and LAD CF from 105±31 to 66±15 ml/min, p< 0.0001). One month after stopping the treatment CI decreased from 3.7±0.8 to 2.6±0.5 l/min/m2, p< 0.0001 and mean FS from 39±3 to 32±2, p< 0.0001. Mean PFVd increased from 68±12 to 90±12 cm/s, p< 0.0001 and CF from 66±15 to 108±30 ml/min, p< 0.0001. Conclusions: In patients with DM1 n-3 PUFA therapy increased cardiac index and LV systolic function. The basal coronary flow decrease improving the circumstances for better coronary flow reserve.
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| 10. |
- Adlerberth, Ingegerd, 1959, et al.
(author)
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Reduced enterobacterial and increased staphylococcal colonization of the infantile bowel: an effect of hygienic lifestyle?
- 2006
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In: Pediatric research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-3998 .- 1530-0447. ; 59:1, s. 96-101
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The modern Western lifestyle may have altered the composition of the commensal microflora. Here, we investigated the first year's intestinal colonization pattern in 99 vaginally delivered Swedish infants and 17 delivered by cesarean section. Rectal swabs obtained at 3 d of age were cultured for aerobic bacteria and fecal samples obtained at 1, 2, 4, and 8 wk and at 6 and 12 mo of age were cultivated quantitatively for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Vaginally delivered infants more often had Escherichia coli compared with cesarean section-delivered infants, whereas the latter more frequently carried other enterobacteria, such as Klebsiella and Enterobacter. Independent of delivery mode, it took 2 mo until most infants were colonized by enterobacteria, traditionally the first colonizers. In contrast, coagulase-negative staphylococci colonized 99% of the infants from d 3 onwards. The poor adaptation of staphylococci to the gut was shown by declining population sizes after some weeks. Dominating anaerobes were initially bifidobacteria and clostridia, whereas Bacteroides initially colonized only 30% of vaginally delivered infants and increased very slowly in prevalence. Bacteroides colonization was delayed up to 1 y in cesarean section-delivered compared with vaginally delivered infants. Our results show that some "traditional" fecal bacteria are acquired late today especially in cesarean section-delivered infants, probably due to limited environmental circulation. In their absence, skin bacteria like staphylococci have become the first gut colonizers.
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| 13. |
- Agren, J, et al.
(author)
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Aquaporin-1 and -3 in perinatal skin
- 1999
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In: PEDIATRIC RESEARCH. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-3998 .- 1530-0447. ; 45:4, s. 47A-47A
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Agut, T, et al.
(author)
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Preterm white matter injury: ultrasound diagnosis and classification
- 2020
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In: Pediatric research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1530-0447 .- 0031-3998. ; 87:SUPPL 1Suppl 1, s. 37-49
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- White matter injury (WMI) is the most frequent form of preterm brain injury. Cranial ultrasound (CUS) remains the preferred modality for initial and sequential neuroimaging in preterm infants, and is reliable for the diagnosis of cystic periventricular leukomalacia. Although magnetic resonance imaging is superior to CUS in detecting the diffuse and more subtle forms of WMI that prevail in very premature infants surviving nowadays, recent improvement in the quality of neonatal CUS imaging has broadened the spectrum of preterm white matter abnormalities that can be detected with this technique. We propose a structured CUS assessment of WMI of prematurity that seeks to account for both cystic and non-cystic changes, as well as signs of white matter loss and impaired brain growth and maturation, at or near term equivalent age. This novel assessment system aims to improve disease description in both routine clinical practice and clinical research. Whether this systematic assessment will improve prediction of outcome in preterm infants with WMI still needs to be evaluated in prospective studies.
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| 19. |
- Ahola, T., et al.
(author)
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Plasma 8-isoprostane is increased in preterm infants who develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia or periventricular leukomalacia
- 2004
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In: Pediatr Res. - 0031-3998. ; 56:1, s. 88-93
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Our aim was to assess the plasma free 8-epi-prostaglandin F(2alpha) (8-isoprostane) and ascorbyl radical as risk indicators for oxidative damage in extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWIs) and the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on these markers. Plasma samples were collected on days 3 and 7 of life from infants who were enrolled in a randomized, controlled trial in which i.v. NAC or placebo was administered to ELBWIs during the first week of life, with the aim of preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Plasma 8-isoprostane was analyzed in 83 infants using an enzyme immunoassay kit. Ascorbyl radical concentration was measured in 61 infants with electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The 8-isoprostane concentrations were similar in the NAC and placebo groups. In infants who later developed BPD or died (n = 29), the median (range) 8-isoprostane concentration was significantly higher (p = 0.001) on day 3 and day 7 [50.0 pg/mL (19-360) and 57.0 pg/mL (14-460), respectively] than in survivors without BPD [n = 54; 34.5 pg/mL (5-240) and 39.5 pg/mL (7-400), respectively]. The 8-isoprostane levels increased significantly more (p < 0.05) in infants who later developed periventricular leukomalacia. NAC treatment or the later development of BPD was not related to the ascorbyl radical levels. The ascorbyl radical level decreased significantly in all groups from day 3 to day 7, but the difference between the groups was not significant. The mean (SD) ascorbyl radical level on day 3 was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in infants who later developed periventricular leukomalacia [287 (124) versus 194 (90)]. These data suggest that plasma 8-isoprostane could serve as a marker in assessing the risk for BPD development in ELBWIs.
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| 21. |
- Albertsson-Wikland, Kerstin, 1947, et al.
(author)
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Long-Term Response to GH Therapy in Short Children With a Delayed Infancy-Childhood Transition (DICT)
- 2011
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In: Pediatric Research. - 0031-3998 .- 1530-0447. ; 69:6, s. 504-510
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Transition of growth from infancy to childhood is associated with activation of the GH-IGF-I axis. Children with a delayed infancy-childhood transition (DICT) are short as adults. Thus, age at ICT may impact on growth response to GH. The objective was to investigate associations between growth response to GH treatment and ICT timing in children with idiopathic short stature (ISS) in a randomized, controlled, multicenter trial, TRN 88-080. A total of 147 prepubertal children (mean age, 11.5 +/- 1.4 y) were randomized to receive GH 33 mu g/kg/d (GH(33), n = 43), GH 67 mu g/kg/d (GH(67), n = 61), or no treatment (n = 43). Data on growth to final height (FH) were analyzed after categorization into those with normal (n = 76) or delayed ICT (n = 71). Within the GH(33) group, significant height gain at FH was only observed in children with a DICT (p < 0.001), with each month of delay corresponding to gain of 0.13 SD score (SDS). For the GH(67) group, the timing of the onset of the ICT had no impact on growth response. In conclusion, ISS children with a DICT responded to standard GH dose (better responsiveness), whereas those with a normal ICT required higher doses to attain a significant height gain to FH.
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| 22. |
- Albertsson-Wikland, Kerstin, et al.
(author)
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Long-term response to growth hormone (GH) therapy in short children with a delayed infancy childhood transition (DICT)
- 2011
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In: Pediatric Research. - 0031-3998 .- 1530-0447. ; 69, s. 504-510
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Transition of growth from infancy to childhood is associated with activation of the GH-IGF-I axis. Children with a delayed infancy-childhood-transition (ICT) are short as adults. Thus, age at ICT may impact on growth response to GH. The objective was to investigate associations between growth response to GH-treatment and ICT-timing in children with idiopathic short stature (ISS) in a randomized, controlled, multicenter trial, TRN 88-080. 147 pre-pubertal children (mean age, 11.5±1.4 yrs) were randomized to receive GH 33μg/kg/d (GH33, n=43), GH 67μg/kg/d (GH67, n=61) or no treatment (n=43). Data on growth to final height (FH) were analyzed after categorization into those with normal (n=76) or delayed ICT (n=71). Within the GH33 group, significant height gain at FH was only observed in children with a delayed ICT (p<0.001) with each month of delay corresponding to gain of 0.13 standard deviation score (SDS). For the GH67 group, the timing of the onset of the ICT had no impact on growth response. In conclusion, ISS children with a delayed ICT responded to standard-GH-dose (better responsiveness), whereas those with a normal ICT required higher doses to attain a significant height gain to FH.
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| 25. |
- Andersson, Yvonne, et al.
(author)
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Three variants of parathyroid hormone-related protein messenger RNA are expressed in human mammary gland.
- 1997
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In: Pediatric Research. - 0031-3998 .- 1530-0447. ; 41:3, s. 380-3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PTH-related protein (PTHrP) is found in a variety of tissues; particularly high levels are present in human milk. The structure of the human PTHrP gene is complex, and alternative splicing allows expression of three different variants PTHrP139, PTHrP173, and PTHrP141, respectively. To determine which of the variants are expressed in human mammary gland a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was elaborated, distinguishing the three variants. mRNA isolated from human milk cells, human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and human nonlactating mammary gland cells were analyzed. The RT-PCR experiments resulted in amplification of DNA fragments corresponding to all three variants for all three cell sources tested. The nucleotide sequences of the PCR fragments were determined and verified to be identical to the reported sequences. Hence, it is concluded that human mammary gland epithelial cells express three variants of PTHrP. Whether these have different physiologic effects in the mammary gland or in the breast fed infant remain to be explored.
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