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- Månsson, Bengt, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Ecology, Thermodynamics and H.T. Odum's Conjectures
- 1993
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Ingår i: Oecologia. - : Springer. - 0029-8549 .- 1432-1939. ; 93:4, s. 582-596
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The central rôle of energy in all life processes has led to the development of numerous hypotheses, conjectures and theories on the relationships between thermodynamics and ecological processes. In this paper we examine the theoretical and empirical support for these developments, and in particular for the widely published set of thermodynamic conjectures developed by H.T. Odum, in which the maximum power principle is put forward as a generic feature of evolution in ecosystems. Although widely used, we argue that many of the ecological studies that have adopted the ideas encapsulated in Odums work, have done so without being aware of some of the fundamental problems underlying this approach. We discuss alternative ways in which a general available-work concept could be constructed for use as a numeraire in an energy-centered ecological theory or paradigm. In so doing, we examine what is meant by material accessibility and energy stocks and flows with respect to traditional food web and food chain theories, and relate these to results from the evolutionary dynamics of ecosystems. We conclude that the various forms and uses of energy bound up in essential ecosystem processes present a formidable obstacle to obtaining an operational definition of a general, aggregated available-work concept, a prerequisite for the systems approach of Odum and others. We also show that the prototypical derivations of the maximum power principle, and its interpretation, are contradicted on many scales both by empirical data and models, thereby invalidating the maximum power principle as a general principle of ecological evolution. The conclusions point to the fundamental problem of trying to describe ecosystems in a framework which has a one-dimensional currency.
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- Andersson, Maria, 1965-
(författare)
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Cost-effective incentives for local electric utilities and industries in co-operation : modelling of technical measures
- 1993
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the Swedish electricity system there is a great potential for increasing the cost efficiency of the electricity use. However, today the economic incentives, offered for instance by existing electricity rates, are too weak to improve the use of the system. On the Swedish electricity market there are, at least, three different actors, the power producer, the distributor and the customer. Today these actors act separately due to low awareness of the costs for electricity generation, over the year and the day. If the actors are aware of the real electricity costs, cost-effective incentives will arise to introduce energy system measures that will reduce the energy system cost considerably. The thesis presents two energy system analyses of an existing Swedish municipality. The first analysis deals with the introduction of industrial end-use measures, with the local utility’s existing electricity rates as boundary conditions. The analysis is carried out with a simulation model for electricity use in industries. The second analysis deals with the introduction of energy system measures, on the municipal supply-side and demand-side, when the local electric utility and the customers are regarded as one system. The analysis is carried out with an optimization model, that is based on linear programming. The results show that if 17 industries introduce end-use measures, with the existing electricity rates as boundary conditions, their energy system costs will be reduced by 12 MSEK for a time period of 10 years, whereas the local utility will increase its energy system cost by 6 MSEK. However, if there is a co-operation between the local electric utility and the customers, their joint energy system cost will be reduced by 330 MSEK for a time period of 10 years.
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- Eriksson, K.-E., et al.
(författare)
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Exergi (Exergy)
- 1991
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Ingår i: Nationalencyklopedien, Vol. 6. - Höganäs : Bra Böckers Förlag.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Eriksson, K.-E., et al.
(författare)
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Termodynamik
- 1992
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Ingår i: Miljö från A till Ö. - Höganäs : Bra Böckers Förlag.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Månsson, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond Sustainability Indicators
- 1994
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is generally recognized that the operationalization of sustainability is still very much in its infancy; the strategies to be employed need much further development. There is now a major effort to develop instruments for environmental policies that lead towards the goal of a sustainable society. As a result, there exists a tool kit that contains a fair number of at least somewhat useful devices. Within this tool kit, this paper looks at the planning/public policy tools indicators, standards and strategic criteria; these are being developed to be used to evaluate whether, in which sense and to what extent particular societal developments lead towards that goal. These tools should be seen in relation to one of the critical issues of sustainability policy, the development of monitoring systems that reflect environmental resources (Unemo 1992). In several cases, they are devised as an attempt to solve problems that the conventional framework of environmental economics cannot give a satisfactory treatment. Apart from a brief presentation of these tools, the paper also contains a discussion on the application of sustainability criteria. The main emphasis is on the different rôles of indicators and criteria, arising from the inherent limitations of environmental and other indicators.
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- Månsson, Bengt
(författare)
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Jorden
- 1992
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Ingår i: Miljö från A till Ö. - Höganäs : Bra Böckers Förlag.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Månsson, Bengt
(författare)
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Jordens Resurser
- 1992
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Ingår i: Miljö från A till Ö. - Höganäs : Bra Böckers Förlag.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Månsson, Bengt
(författare)
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Miljö för bärkraftighet- perspektiv på naturresurser, deras begränsningar och deras roll i samhället
- 1993
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- Människans belastning av den tidigare till synes oändligt generösa naturen har blivit för stor. Dagens industriella samhällen är inte långsiktigt förenliga med sin naturresursbas. Nuvarande naturresursanvändning kan inte fortgå ens tills dagens spädbarn uppnår pensionsålder. Därför måste mänskligheten slå in på en väg som leder till bärkraftighet (sustainability). Detta innebär att de långsiktiga relationerna mellan natur och samhälle inte störs och att livsbetingelserna på jorden inte allvarligt förstörs eller rubbas. Samhället måste utvecklas inom de ramar som naturen ger.Bärkraftighetsidéerna utgör ett genomgående tema i boken. Tyngdpunkten ligger vid det bärkraftiga samhällets naturresursbas. Ett centralt mål är att presentera viktiga delar av den existerande kunskapen om de naturgivna begränsningarna och möjligheterna och hur man kan hantera olika slag av resurs- och miljöproblematik.Sverige och svenska förhållanden betonas med en tidshorisont mellan femtio och hundra år in i framtiden.Miljö för bärkraftighet är avsedd att vara lärobok vid universitet och tekniska högkolor men kan läsas av alla som har intresse av att vi får ett miljömässigt fungerande samhälle.
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- Månsson, Bengt
(författare)
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Teaching Basic Thermodynamics for Energy Efficiency: A Digest of the Theoretical Basis of the Exergy Concept
- 1993
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exergy is a general measure of the maximal work yield of a system, applicable to general processes involving interactions, either internally or with other systems, as well as constraints. Exergy is a key thermodynamical concept in many methods for the improvement of energy efficiency in technical as well as societal systems; it is, e.g., the basis for the idea of second law efficiency. It therefore plays a significant rôle in the transformation to the energy efficient society based on renewable energy sources. Although exergy is a fundamental quantity in the theory of conversions of matter and energy, it is often inadequately treated in thermodynamics text-books. This paper describes some of those key features of exergy as a thermodynamic concept that are rarely included in courses on thermodynamics, with examples of derivations of exergy formulas in general as well as in some special cases. It also describes the rôle of exergy in a physical world view, in particular the origin of exergy.Many thermodynamic processes in nature involve not only simple conversion of energy and materials but also formation or breakdown of structure. Some kinds of structure formation or breakdown can be conveniently described in information theory terms. Information theory, dealing with information as a quantitative concept, was from the beginning close to physical theory, with entropy as a common concept. Information theory is closely tied to statistical mechanics, the microscopic theory of thermodynamics. To elucidate and demarcate the general scope of the exergy concept, I describe how the essentially physical quantities work and exergy can be tied to information-theoretical quantities.
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- Månsson, Bengt
(författare)
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Thermodynamics and Economics
- 1990
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Ingår i: S. Sieniutycz & P.Salamon, eds., Finite-Time Thermodynamics and Thermoeconomics, Advances in Thermodynamics volume 4. - Bristol : Taylor & Francis.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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