| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Ankerst, J., et al.
(författare)
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Microcalorimetry as a tool for the detection of complement-dependent cytotoxicity
- 1985
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Ingår i: Journal of Immunological Methods. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-1759. ; 77:2, s. 267-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microcalorimetry using a 4-channel static ampoule microcalorimeter of thermopile type has been evaluated as a tool for the detection of complement-dependent cytotoxicity against the surface antigens of living cells. Cytotoxic reactions mediated by a rabbit antiserum against human white blood cells and by 2 different monoclonal antibodies recognizing a melanoma-associated antigen on a human melanoma cell line were studied. The cytotoxic reactions were registered as a decrease of the heat production rate when the cells were exposed to antibodies in the presence of active complement as compared to the heat production rate of the cells exposed to the same antibodies in the presence of inactive complement. This investigation shows that microcalorimetry can be used as a highly sensitive method for the detection of complement-dependent immune reactions, detecting antibody dilutions higher than 10-5. It also indicates that microcalorimetry may become a particularly important technique in the analysis of the kinetics of cytotoxic immune reactions in vitro.
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| 4. |
- Fäldt, R., et al.
(författare)
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Inhibition of platelet aggregation by myeloid leukaemic cells demonstrated in vitro
- 1987
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Ingår i: British Journal of Haematology. - : Wiley. - 0007-1048 .- 1365-2141. ; 66:4, s. 529-534
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of myeloid leukaemic cells, cells of the promyelocytic cell line HL-60 and normal polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN), enclosed in dialysis tubes, on the aggregation of allogeneic normal platelets after induction with arachidonic acid (AA) and with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was investigated in vitro. Inhibition of aggregation was seen after preincubation of the platelets with leukaemic blood or bone marrow cell from 7/14 patients belonging to various FAB groups and with HL-60, but not with normal PMN (14/14 cases). A dose-dependent inhibition was seen after lysis of some leukaemic cells with anti-human rabbit antiserum and active complement. Lysis of normal PMN inhibited platelet aggregation slightly and inconstantly and only at higher cell concentrations. Platelet inhibitory activity was not related to a higher rate of metabolism of the leukaemic cells which inhibited platelet aggregation with respect to heat production. Neither was a non-specifically increased cell membrane permeability the cause of the release of platelet inhibitory factor(s) since the release of 51Cr-labeled leukaemic cells was not related to the inhibition of platelet aggregation.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Sabharwal, Hemant, et al.
(författare)
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Oligosaccharides from faeces of a blood-group B, breast-fed infant
- 1988
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-426X .- 0008-6215. ; 178:1, s. 145-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eight oligosaccharides have been isolated from faeces of a blood group B, secretor, breast-fed infant and characterized by sugar and methylation analysis, f.a.b. mass spectrometry and 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy. One of these oligosaccharides has not previously been reported and is a tri-L-fucosyl derivative of lacto-N-hexaose. The other compounds were identical to oligosaccharides found in human milk. Several of the reported compounds require the secretor dependent 2'-fucosyltransferase for their biosynthesis. Since the mother of this child was an O(H) non-secretor, an intestinal biosynthesis of at least some of these compounds is strongly indicated. No blood group B active oligosaccharides were detected which is in sharp contrast to the oligosaccharide excretion in faeces from a blood group A infant [Sabharwal et al., Mol. Immunol., 21 (1984) 1105-1112] in which all the major oligosaccharides isolated were blood group A active.
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| 8. |
- Sabharwal, Hemant, et al.
(författare)
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Oligosaccharides from feces of preterm infants fed on breast milk
- 1988
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Ingår i: Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-9861. ; 265:2, s. 390-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nine neutral and five acidic oligosaccharides were isolated from feces of a preterm (30th postmenstrual week) blood group A nonsecretor infant fed on pooled breast milk. Structural analyses were carried out using sugar and methylation analyses, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, and 1H NMR. The acidic oligosaccharides are well-known components of human milk. The neutral oligosaccharides are characteristic of nonsecretor milk. Surprisingly, no secretor gene-dependent oligosaccharides were present in the feces. Another preterm (27th postmenstrual week) blood group A, secretor infant fed on pooled breast milk showed the same fecal oligosaccharide pattern as above during the first week after birth, despite being a secretor individual. Also notable was the absence of blood group A-active oligosaccharides in this sample. Another sample of feces collected 8 weeks later from the latter infant contained the expected blood group A-active oligosaccharides. Furthermore, free sialic acid was present at the cost of the sialyl oligosaccharides seen earlier. Thus, infants born prematurely do not show the same degree of development of oligosaccharide metabolism as their more mature counterparts.
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| 9. |
- Ljung, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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Immunoradiometric assay of inhibitors of antihaemophilic factor A
- 1982
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica. - 0001-656X. ; 71:6, s. 1019-1023
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for determination of antibodies against f. VIII:C in haemophilia A was developed. The assay was based on competitive binding of radiolabelled anti-VIII:C and antibodies in the test material to immobilized VIII:C. Fifteen haemophiliacs with known inhibitors were investigated with the new method and with a conventional neutralization test. In 3 cases the inhibitors were detected only with the IRMA and in the other 12 there was good agreement between the inhibitor levels found with the two methods. It was also possible to demonstrate the antibodies in three non-haemophilic patients with acquired inhibitors. The IRMA, which can detect the antibodies down to a concentration of 0.02 inhibitor units per ml, is more sensitive than conventional neutralization tests and is thus of practical importance in the investigation of patients with low inhibitor titres.
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| 10. |
- Arvidsson, J, et al.
(författare)
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The first case of the Sanfilippo type C syndrome in Scandinavia
- 1983
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-656X .- 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 72:2, s. 313-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Swedish patient with typical symptoms of the Sanfilippo Syndrome (Mucopolysaccharidosis III) is described. The early onset of the disease, the presence of hepatomegaly, early dementia and the absence of umbilical bernia are consistent with the subgroup Sanfilippo A. Enzyme studies indicate the diagnosis Sanfilippo C, and thus the patient represents a more severe form of this subgroup than any of the four other patients hitherto described in detail.
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| 11. |
- Faldt, R., et al.
(författare)
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Heat production in different populations of human blood cells exposed to immune complexes in vitro : The importance of the Fc parts of immunoglobulins and the influence of active complement
- 1982
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Ingår i: Immunology. - 0019-2805. ; 46:1, s. 189-198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By use of a batch microcalorimeter of the thermopile type, heat production was measured in isolated populations of human peripheral blood cells exposed to defined immune complexes formed in vitro. It was found that most of the heat production recorded in whole blood after admixture of immune complexes occurs in the granulocytes. Under these conditions small but constantly higher activation values were found in the absence of active complement. It was shown that complexes consisting of antigen and F(ab)2 fragments prepared from the specific antibodies were able to initiate heat production in the cells only in the presence of active complement. These experiments indicate that immune complexes are able to induce increased heat production in the cells either by binding to Fc receptors or by activation of complement through the alternative pathway and subsequent binding of the generated C3b to C3b receptors on the heat-producing cells.
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| 12. |
- Graham, J B, et al.
(författare)
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Carrier detection in hemophilia A : a cooperative international study. I. The carrier phenotype
- 1986
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Ingår i: Blood. - 0006-4971. ; 67:6, s. 9-1554
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eight laboratories in six countries cooperated to clarify several issues concerning the phenotypes of heterozygous carriers of hemophilia "A." Plasma levels of factor VIII (F.VIII:C, formerly VIII:C) and von Willebrand factor (VWF:Ag, formerly VIIIR:Ag) of carriers and normal women were determined by various "in-house" methods; a single lyophilized plasma standard was used for all assays. Analysis of the collated data from 336 carriers (296 obligatory carriers and 40 sporadic carriers) and 137 normal women showed that there was no difference in the F.VIII:C levels of "paternal" carriers (women who had obtained the abnormal gene from their fathers) and "maternal" carriers. Neither was there a difference in the VWF:Ag levels of normal women and either type of carrier. Age was found to have a significant effect on both F.VIII:C and VWF:Ag, values being higher at very young and very old ages, the minima occurring in the 25- to 30-year range. ABO blood type had a striking effect. Women of types A, B, and AB (designated non-O in the study), both normals and carriers, had significantly higher levels of both factors than did women of type O. Analysis by laboratories showed that differences in mean levels of both factors between laboratories were highly significant. It was concluded that age, ABO blood type, and laboratory variation should be taken into account in carrier detection.
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| 13. |
- Green, P P, et al.
(författare)
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Carrier detection in hemophilia A : a cooperative international study. II. The efficacy of a universal discriminant
- 1986
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Ingår i: Blood. - 0006-4971. ; 67:6, s. 7-1560
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Factor VIII (F.VIII) and von Willebrand factor (VWF):Ag data collected by eight laboratories on a total of 336 obligatory carriers of hemophilia A and 137 normal women were used to answer several questions concerning the construction of linear discriminants for carrier detection. It was found: that a "universal" linear discriminant can be constructed which is suitable for use in all laboratories and is nearly as effective as laboratory-specific discriminants; that inclusion of age and ABO blood type data improved the efficacy of these discriminants; that substitution of alternative assays for F.VIII and VWF:Ag did not generally improve the efficacy of the discriminants over that obtained using the bioassay for F.VIII:C and Laurell's immunoassay for VWF:Ag; that linear discriminants were far more effective than discriminants based on the F.VIII:C/VWF:Ag ratio. A step-wise procedure is given which any laboratory may follow in using the universal discriminant for carrier detection.
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| 14. |
- Hammar, L, et al.
(författare)
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Lewis phenotype of erythrocytes and Leb-active glycolipid in serum of pregnant women
- 1981
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Ingår i: Vox Sanguinis. - 1423-0410. ; 40:1, s. 27-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an attempt to provide an explanation for the previously reported effect of pregnancy on the Lewis phenotype of erythrocytes, the level of Leb-active glycolipid in serum was compared with the reactions of erythrocytes, using samples obtained from 73 nonpregnant women, 74 women at the time of delivery, and 2 women at weekly intervals during their pregnancy. In this Swedish population, the frequency of the Le(a--b-) blood group increased from 11% in nonpregnant women to 36% in women at the time of delivery. Among Le(a--b+) women of all ABO groups, those who were A1 most often became (Leb-) during pregnancy. The change in phenotype occurred as early as the 24th week of gestation; the Leb antigen was again detectable within 6 weeks after delivery. The concentration of Leb glycolipid in serum, as measured by radioimmunoassay, decreased only slightly during pregnancy. The repartition of glycolipids, secondary to the increased ratio of lipoprotein to red cell mass that occurs during pregnancy, may account for the relative lack of Lewis glycolipid on erythrocytes.
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| 15. |
- Heim, Sverre, et al.
(författare)
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A new specific chromosomal rearrangement, t(8;16) (p11;p13), in acute monocytic leukaemia
- 1987
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Ingår i: British Journal of Haematology. - 0007-1048. ; 66:3, s. 323-326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The translocation t(8;16) (p11;p13) was found as the sole deviation from the normal karyotype in three patients with acute monocytic leukaemia. The bone marrow morphology was strikingly similar in the two cases where smears were available for re-evaluation: the leukaemic cells showed signs of differentiation, and active erythrophagocytosis was a particularly conspicuous feature. We suggest that t(8;16) (p11;p13) represents a new consistent abnormality in acute monocytic leukaemia, specifically associated with the differentiated subtype (M5b) and with pronounced phagocytic activity by the leukaemic monocytes.
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| 16. |
- Holmberg, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Prenatal diagnosis of hemophilia B by an immunoradiometric assay of factor IX
- 1980
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Ingår i: Blood. - 0006-4971. ; 56:3, s. 397-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An immunoradiometric assay of factor IX was developed based on homologous antibodies that arose in a hemophilic patient. With this assay, 11 of 12 patients with severe hemophilia B had factor IX antigen levels below 1 U/dl and 6 patients with mild hemophilia B had various levels. Factor IX antigen in 8 fetuses (16th-20th gestational week) aborted for therapeutic reasons ranged from 1.8 to 10.0 U/dl. Six amniotic fluids contained 0.28-1.2 U/dl factor IX antigen. Using the immunoradiometric assay, we could diagnose hemophilia B prenatally in one fetus at risk. No factor IX antigen (< 0.2 U/dl) was detectable in the fetoscopic sample. After termination of the pregnancy, analysis of blood from the abortus confirmed the diagnosis of severe hemophilia B. We conclude that very sensitive immunologic assays, such as the one described here, will prove useful in prenatal diagnosis of severe hemophilia B, since determination of factor IX activity in fetoscopic samples is unrealiable because of possible contamination with thromboplastic material.
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| 17. |
- Ljung, R, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic variants of haemophilia B detected by immunoradiometric assay : implications for prenatal diagnosis
- 1982
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Ingår i: Pediatric Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-3998 .- 1530-0447. ; 16:3, s. 8-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fifty patients with haemophilia B, belonging to 29 kindreds, were investigated with a highly sensitive immunoradiometric assay based on a homologous antibody to factor IX. The assay measures factor IX antigen (f.IX:Ag) in plasma down to 0.025 U/dl. Seventeen of 18 investigated patients with severe haemophilia B had very little or no f.IX:Ag. Also four of nine patients with moderately severe disease had very low antigen levels, approximately equal to their factor IX clotting activity (f.IX:C), whereas the other 5 had antigen in excess of activity. Of the 23 investigated patients with mild haemophilia B, 20 had f.IX:Ag approximately equal to f.IX:C, whereas 3 had normal amounts of antigen. One family with mild disease was found to have a possible variant of haemophilia B Leyden, earlier described in a few families with moderately severe disease. No haemophilia BM variants, characterized by prolonged prothrombin time with bovine brain thromboplastin, were found. We have shown earlier that the immunoradiometric assay of f.IX was useful in the prenatal evaluation of one fetus at risk for haemophilia B. The present study shows that the assay can be applied for prenatal diagnostic purposes in the vast majority of carriers of severe haemophilia B and in about half of the carriers of moderately severe disease.
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| 18. |
- Ljung, R, et al.
(författare)
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Haemophilia A and B--two years experience of genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis
- 1982
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Ingår i: Clinical Genetics. - : Wiley. - 0009-9163 .- 1399-0004. ; 22:2, s. 70-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Haemophilia A. Thirty-one pregnant women, obligate or probable carriers of haemophilia A, requested prenatal diagnosis if sex determination showed the foetus to be a male. In 11 of the 31 cases the foetuses were females; in two, the genetic variant of the disease rendered prenatal diagnosis impossible; and in two, the mother aborted spontaneously. From the remaining 16 male foetuses, blood samples were obtained in utero in the 17th to 20th week of gestation. Examination of the samples showed that 11 of the foetuses were unaffected and five affected. Haemophilia B. Three carriers of haemophilia B had male foetuses. Examination of foetal blood obtained in utero showed that these three foetuses were affected. Confirmation. All women with an affected foetus requested termination of pregnancy. In one of the cases of abortion, no blood was obtained for confirmative examination. In the remaining cases, the prenatal prediction was confirmed in the abortus or in the child after birth; three women are still pregnant.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Ljung, R, et al.
(författare)
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Inheritable molecular variants of moderate and mild hemophilia A
- 1981
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Ingår i: Acta Medica Scandinavica. - 0001-6101. ; 209:1-2, s. 11-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Factor VIII clotting activity (VIII:C) and factor VIII clotting antigen (VIII:CAg) were investigated in 54 patients with hemophilia A of moderate or mild severity. The patients belonged to 28 kindreds. The study showed a genetically determined molecular variation within hemophilia A of both moderate and mild forms. Each form can be classified into 3 types according to the content of demonstrable VIII:CAg. Type I has no demonstrable VIII:CAg, type IIa has VIII:CAg in an amount smaller than, or approximately equal to, that of VIII:C and type IIb has a larger amount of VIII:CAg than VIII:C. Affected members of one and the same kindred always have the same type of the disease.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Messeter, L, et al.
(författare)
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Immunochemical characterization of a monoclonal anti-Leb blood grouping reagent
- 1984
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Ingår i: Vox Sanguinis. - 1423-0410. ; 46:2, s. 66-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A haemagglutinating monoclonal anti-LebL antibody has been obtained from a mouse-mouse hybridoma after immunization with the Leb-active oligosaccharide lacto-N-difucohexaose I, coupled to edestin. Of 13 other antibodies obtained, one was able to agglutinate enzyme-treated erythrocytes of all ABO groups and three more were considered to be anti-LebH haemagglutinins. The remaining nine antibodies did not agglutinate red cells. The specificity of the stronger of the anti-LebL haemagglutinins was examined by studying its binding to a number of glycoconjugates and oligosaccharides.
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| 23. |
- Messeter, L, et al.
(författare)
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Mouse monoclonal antibodies with anti-A, anti-B and anti-A,B specificities; some superior to human polyclonal ABO reagents
- 1984
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Ingår i: Vox Sanguinis. - 1423-0410. ; 46:4, s. 185-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A series of fusions using mouse myeloma cells and spleen cells from mice immunized with blood group substances or human red cells was performed with the aim of obtaining ABO antibodies suitable for routine blood grouping. Seven strongly agglutinating antibodies against antigens in the ABO system were obtained from 18 fusions. These antibodies were tested extensively in manual and automated routines, and six of them were found to be as good as or better than commercial polyclonal test sera of human origin.
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| 24. |
- Monti, M., et al.
(författare)
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A new approach to detection of antigen-antibody complexes by microcalorimetric measurements of heat production in blood cells
- 1980
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Ingår i: Journal of Immunological Methods. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-1759. ; 37:1, s. 29-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using batch microcalorimeters of the thermopile conduction type, heat production was measured in human blood in the presence of defined antigens and their specific antibodies. A large increase in heat production, reflecting increased metabolic activity in the blood cells, was found when antigens and specific antisera at certain antigen-antibody proportions were mixed with the blood. The reproducibility and specificity of the method were found to be very good. The present results indicate that calorimetry may be a useful technique for detection of antigen-antibody complexes.
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| 25. |
- Mårtensson, S, et al.
(författare)
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Lewis blood group antigens in urine sediments from patients with urinary bladder carcinoma
- 1987
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. - 0036-5599. ; 21:3, s. 197-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urine sediments from 20 patients with urinary bladder carcinoma, and from 11 healthy individuals were investigated for their content of Lea and Leb active glycolipids. The investigation was restricted to blood group phenotype Le (a-b+). All individuals exhibited both Lea- and Leb-active glycolipids. In healthy individuals the ratio Lea/Leb was less than 1 in 10 out of 11 cases, whereas in patients with bladder cancer the ratio Lea/Leb was greater than 1 in 11 out of 20 cases. No correlation between the Lea/Leb ratio on the one hand and tumour grade or stage on the other hand could be shown. The results indicate one possible explanation for the loss of ABH antigens in bladder cancer and also demonstrate the potential of detailed biochemical investigations on exfoliated material in urine.
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