1.
Eiben, G, et al.
(författare)
Secular trends in diet among elderly Swedes : cohort comparisons over three decades
2004
Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - 1368-9800 .- 1475-2727. ; 7:5, s. 637-644
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare dietary practices among different birth cohorts of 70-year-old Swedes, who were examined between 1971 and 2000.Setting: Göteborg, Sweden.Design: Four population-based samples of 1360 70-year-olds, born in 1901, 1911, 1922 and 1930, have undergone health examinations and dietary assessments over a period of almost three decades. One-hour diet history (DH) interviews were conducted in 1971, 1981, 1992 and 2000 with a total of 758 women and 602 women. The formats and contents of the dietary examinations were similar over the years. Statistical analysis of linear trends was conducted, using year of examination as the independent variable, to detect secular trends in food and nutrient intakes across cohorts.Results: At the 2000 examination, the majority of 70-year-olds consumed nutritionally adequate diets. Later-born cohorts consumed more yoghurt, breakfast cereals, fruit, vegetables, chicken, rice and pasta than earlier-born cohorts. Consumption of low-fat spread and milk also increased, along with that of wine, light beer and candy. In contrast, potatoes, cakes and sugar were consumed less in 2000 than in 1971. The ratio of reported energy intake to estimated basal metabolic rate did not show any systematic trend over time in women, but showed a significant upward trend in men.Conclusions: The diet history method has captured changes in food selections in the elderly without changing in general format over three decades. Dietary quality has improved in a number of ways, and these findings in the elderly are consistent with national food consumption trends in the general population.
2.
Rothenberg, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
Energy expenditure at age 73 and 78 : a five year follow-up
2003
Ingår i: Acta Diabetologica. - 0940-5429 .- 1432-5233. ; 40, s. S134-S138
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
There is limited knowledge concerning the energy turnover and energy requirements of the elderly. The aim of this study was to measure resting metabolic rate (RMR) and total energy expenditure (TEE), and to define activity energy expenditure (AEE) and physical activity level (PAL) in 11 78-year-old individuals. A further aim was to compare these measures with the same measures taken from the 11 subjects at age 73 years. Total body water (TBW) averaged 30.8 kg (SD 3.2) at age 73 and 28.8 kg (SD 3.5) at age 78 years (p<0.01). RMR was measured with a ventilated-hood system and averaged 5.60 MJ/day (SD 0.66) at age 73 and 4.77 MJ/day (SD 0.32) at 78 years (p<0.001). TEE, measured using the doubly labeled water method, averaged 9.64 MJ/day (SD 1.10) at age 73 and 8.30 MJ/day (SD 1.45) at 78 years (p<0.05). AEE averaged 4.04 MJ/day (SD 0.44) at age 73 and 3.53 MJ/day (1.13) at 78 years (ns). PAL averaged 1.74 at both ages. TBW, TEE, and RMR decreased, whereas AEE and PAL did not change substantially during the 5-year follow-up. The PAL values indicated a physically active lifestyle for the age group.
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4.
Lindström, Martin, et al.
(författare)
Impact of different aspects of social participation and social capital on smoking cessation among daily smokers: a longitudinal study.
2003
Ingår i: Tobacco Control. - : BMJ. - 1468-3318 .- 0964-4563. ; 12:3, s. 274-281
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Objective: To investigate differences in different aspects of social participation and social capital among baseline daily smokers that had remained daily smokers, become intermittent smokers, or stopped smoking at one year follow up. Design/setting/participants/measurements: 12 507 individuals, aged 45–69 years, interviewed at baseline between 1992 and 1994 and at a one year follow up were investigated in this longitudinal study. The three groups of baseline daily smokers were compared to the reference population (baseline intermittent smokers and non-smokers) according to different aspects of social participation and social capital. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess differences in different aspects of social participation and social capital. Results: The baseline daily smokers that remained daily smokers at the one year follow up had significantly increased odds ratios of non-participation in study circles in other places than at work, meeting of organisations other than unions, theatre/cinema, arts exhibition, church, sports events, large gatherings of relatives, and private parties compared to the reference population. The baseline daily smokers that had become intermittent smokers at the one year follow up had significantly increased odds ratios of non-participation in church services. The baseline daily smokers that had stopped smoking had increased odds ratios of non-participation in having attended a meeting of organisations other than labour unions during the past year, having been to a theatre or cinema, and of having visited an arts exhibition during the past year. All three categories of baseline daily smokers had significantly decreased odds ratios of non-participation in night club/entertainment. Conclusions: The baseline daily smokers that had remained daily smokers at the one year follow up had particularly high rates of non-participation compared to the reference population in both activities specifically related to social capital, such as other study circles, meetings of organisations other than labour unions, and church attendance and cultural activities such as theatre/cinema and arts exhibition, although significantly lower participation in cultural activities and meetings of other organisations was also observed among daily smokers that had stopped smoking. All three baseline daily smoker groups had higher rates of having visited a night club during the past year.
5.
Caap-Ahlgren, Marianne
(författare)
Health-related quality of life in persons with Parkinson's disease. Aspects of symptoms, caregiving and sense of coherence.
2002
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
Abstract Aims: The aim of this thesis was to investigate how the impact of Parkinson’s disease, a chronic neurodegenerative disorder, influences the person’s health-related quality of life. The aim was also to investigate nursing assessment and management of Parkinson’s in elderly persons. Methods: The study started in1998, one year later a follow-up was conducted. The sample contained in the first year 102 patients recruited from the neurology department at the Lund University Hospital. The following instruments were used. The Geriatric Depression Scale rated the depressive symptoms and Livingston’s insomnia questionnaire was used to measure sleep disturbance. Parkinsonian symptoms were rated with specific Parkinson disease rating scales, the PDQ-8 and the PDQ-39. The specific scales were complemented with a generic health-related instrument, the SF-36. To capture global subjective states of coping with everyday life in relation to holistic notions of health and well-being the sense of coherence scale was used, and for the determination of functional change over the one-year follow-up the Hoehn and Yahr assessment was used. A caregiver scale assessed the caregiver’s burden and 6 questions from a social contact questionnaire were used to define the structural and qualitative aspects of the social support network. With 8 participants qualitative, informal, conversational interviewing was assessed. Personal interviews were conducted with all patients in their homes. For the statistical analyses SPSS was used. Results: The results give some insights into what it means to live with Parkinson’s disease. There are many factors involved. The subjects have turned out to have a high prevalence of insomnia and depressive symptoms as well as pain and aches and a worsened ability to handle stress-related problems secondary to the progress of their chronic disease. Women with Parkinson’s disease experience such negative factors as feelings of loss of physical competence and of female competence, of perceived stigmatization and of not being accepted for the person she is, causing strain. Depressive symptoms and an impaired sense of coherence in the caregiver’s, and the patient’s functional status has been found to be strongly related to caregiver burden. Sense of coherence showed to be the best instrument to detect functional impairment during one year. Swedish patients generally had a better quality of life compared to British patients. Conclusion: Many factors influence the subjects negatively and decrease their health-related quality of life. The study has also revealed that not only the subjects suffering from Parkinson’s disease but also their caregivers are strongly influenced by the situation.
6.
Granstedt, Annika
(författare)
Biståndsmötet kärnan i omsorgsarbetet
2002
Ingår i: Äldre i centrum: tidskrift för aktuell äldreforskning. - : Stiftelsen Stockholms läns äldrecentrum. - 1653-3585. ; :3, s. 36-37
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.) abstract
Mötet mellan handläggare och sökande, och hur biståndsbedömningen görs, är centralt. Ändå finns inga yrkesspecifika metoder för hur det ska gå till. Hur bedömningen görs har konsekvenser också för hur personalen kommer att utföra sitt arbete.
7.
Siennicki-Lantz, Arkadiusz
(författare)
Cerebral Blood Flow and Cognition. Clinical studies on Dementia and Cognitive Decline.
2004
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
The importance of early detection of brain changes during ageing has been recognised. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a method used for estimation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in clinical work and in research. The aim of thesis was to study CBF in demented and non-demented elderly persons with special reference to blood pressure changes. Elderly women with senile dementia of Alzheimer type (SDAT) showed a decrease of CBF in temporoparietal brain regions and in whole white matter. Non-demented elderly women had abnormalities according to SPECT and assessment with vocabulary and visospatial tests. CBF in white matter was correlated positively with systolic blood pressure in SDAT group. It cannot be ruled out, that alterations in blood pressure in SDAT could have a central origin and be the consequence rather than cause of brain changes. Women with SDAT and orthostatic hypotension had lower CBF in frontal and parieto-frontal regions than SDAT patients who had normal orthostatic blood pressure. Orthostatic hypotension could be a risk factor for a frontal brain damage and exacerbate the dementia disorder. Intra-subject comparison of CBF estimated with two tracers in healthy subject revealed higher perfusion in posterior cortex when using 99mTc ECD compared to 99mTc HMPAO. In contrast, CBF in central areas was seen to be more profuse when using 99mTc HMPAO. These differences should be taken into account in clinical routine. In another study, persons with Age-Associated Memory Impairment but without dementia had restricted CBF in temporal and occipital lobes, in thalamus and in frontal white matter. A longitudinal study of 129 men revealed an association between accumulated vascular disease markers as: carotid stenosis, peripheral arterial stenosis and hypertension at the age of 69 and lower CBF 14 years later. These results indicate that there might be a potential for prophylactic activities to prevent cognitive decline and vascular dementia in non-demented 70-80 year old population
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Johannsson, Gudmundur, 1960, et al.
(författare)
Growth hormone and ageing.
2000
Ingår i: Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society. - 1096-6374. ; 10 Suppl B
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat) abstract
The proportion of elderly people is steadily growing in Western societies. The result is a disproportionate accumulation of the oldest and most vulnerable sector of the population, suffering from frailty-associated disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Growth hormone (GH) secretion declines progressively during adulthood. In ageing and severe GH deficiency, an individual's muscle mass, muscle strength and bone mass are decreased, and the relative proportion of total and visceral fat is increased. An association between reduced GH levels and the catabolism of ageing has been suggested. GH or GH secretagogue treatment could be of value to minimize the health-related consequences associated with the ageing process.
10.
Nihlén, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
Increased serum levels of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
2001
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7686 .- 0036-5513. ; 61:5, s. 341-347
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
OBJECTIVE: The reason that only a minority of smokers develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is still largely unknown. Glycosylation defects are involved in the pathological mechanisms in cystic fibrosis (CF), where chronic progressive obstructive lung disease dominates the clinical picture. Whether defects of protein glycosylation occur in COPD has not previously been examined. Increase in carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum seems to function as an indicator of general defects of N-glycosylation. Recently, one study observed high serum CDT concentrations in CF patients. We examined whether subjects with COPD also have increased serum CDT levels. METHOD AND RESULTS: A total of 131 randomly selected individuals, 45-64 years of age, underwent a medical examination, spirometry and blood tests. Serum CDT was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. In subjects diagnosed as having COPD (n = 15), multiple logistic regression analyses demonstrated a significant relationship between the diagnosis of COPD and CDT, even after all efforts were made to take the influence of age and smoking into account (odds ratio 3.16, 95% CI 1.11-8.95). Also, in subjects with COPD there was an inverse partial correlation between forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and serum CDT (r = -0.81, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that protein glycosylation defects occur in COPD and, in addition, might be involved in the pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease. It seems that further investigation of the protein glycosylation in COPD is warranted.
11.
Häggblom Kronlöf, Greta, 1961, et al.
(författare)
Elderly women´s way of relating to assistive devices.
2002
Ingår i: Kansallinen Foorumi: Aktiivinen ja elämään suuntautuva vanheneminen. Book of abstract. 11-12 february, 2002. Jyväskylän Yliopisto, Finland..
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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Karlsson, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
Analys och utveckling av system för registrering av vårdbehov och vårdinsatser till äldre i kommunal vård och omsorg. - En delstudie i SNAC Rapport 2
2003
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
Den offentliga statistiken inom äldreomsorgsområdet är för närvarande begränsad till mängdstatistik (Statistik - socialtjänst 2000:5, Socialstyrelsen 2000 och Hälso- och sjukvårdsstatistisk årsbok 1999, Socialstyrelsen 2000). Från denna statistik erhålles uppgifter om antalet äldre som får vård och hjälp fördelade på ålder, kön och vårdinsats samt vårdkostnader. För att få insikt i äldreomsorgssystemets måluppfyllelse, funktionssätt, effektivitet och kvalitet krävs en mer systematisk och individbaserad ansats än den som mängdstatistik kan erbjuda. I Region Skåne finns sedan tio år tillbaka ett välutvecklat patientadministrativt system, PASiS. I Skånes 33 kommuner används olika system för registrering av individdata inom omsorg och hälso- och sjukvård. Kunskapen är för närvarande begränsad om vilken typ av information som dokumenteras och finns att tillgå om äldre i vård och omsorg på kommunal nivå, delvis också på landstingsnivå. Projektets syfte var att inventera och analysera befintliga registreringssystem samt att utveckla en gemensam och komplementär dataterminologi, att användas vid planering av vård och omsorg. Vidare att utveckla ett system som möjliggör sammanlänkning av relevanta data mellan olika vårdaktörer och föreslå säkerhetslösningar som skyddar vårdtagarens integritet och anonymitet. Fältstudier bedrevs i fem kommuner, Eslöv, Hässleholm, Malmö och Osby, samt i Region Skåne där befintliga registreringssystem inventerades och analyserade. Resultatet visade stora olikheter i dokumentation mellan kommunerna. Dokumentationen förekom mestadels i fri text och varierade i omfattning och innehåll. Standardiserade instrument för behovs- och funktionsbedömning saknades. Manuella och datoriserade system användes. Informationsöverföring mellan respektive kommun och Region Skåne gjordes manuellt när vårdtagaren flyttades mellan huvudmännen. Två kommuner, Hässleholm, Osby, hade vidareutvecklat blanketter för informationsöverföring. Inom projektets ram utvecklades ett formulär, baserat på inventering av vårdsystem, litteraturstudier och diskussioner i en expertgrupp, som beskriver den äldres behov av vård och omsorg, beslut och planering samt insatta och förändrade åtgärder. Formuläret testades i en pilotstudie. I utvärderingen av pilotstudien framkom bl.a. att biståndshandläggare och distriktssköterskor var den adekvata målgruppen att ansvara för registrering av vård och omsorg. Det standardiserade formuläret omfattar sex delområden; administrativa uppgifter, persondata, omgivningsfaktorer, vårdberoende, nuvarande och pågående insatser, särskilda sjukvårdsinsatser, samt informell vård. I registreringen av vård och omsorg har det ingått äldre över 65 år som erhåller varaktiga insatser från kommun och/eller landsting. Efter den inledande undersökningen har formuläret utvärderats av personal inom vård och omsorg i de fem kommunerna. Skriftligt informerat samtycke har inhämtats från de äldre som ingår i studien. Vid sammankoppling av individbaserad statistik mellan aktuella kommuner och Region Skåne och för användning i forskning gäller särskilda sekretessbestämmelser och informerat samtycke från de äldre som ingår i studien krävs. Datainsamlingen har genomförts i två steg; baseline som genomfördes under cirka 6 månader med registrering av äldre med pågående vård och omsorg, och därefter påbörjades kontinuerlig registrering. De första registreringarna av vård och omsorg i baslinjeundersökningen gjordes manuellt. Dataprogram är under vidareutveckling för att möta kravet på samordnad dokumentation om äldres vård och omsorg i kommunerna. En integrering av de variabler som ingår i formuläret för registrering av vård och omsorg har genomförts. För att underlätta hanteringen finns det elektroniskt internetbaserade formuläret tillgängligt via lösenordsförfarande på en lokal server vid Institutionen för Omvårdnad, Lunds Universitet. I en av kommunerna, Malmö, tillämpas ett nytt dataprogram som innehåller dokumentation av samtliga variabler som ingår i det utarbetade formuläret och medger dokumentation från samtliga verksamheter inom kommunal vård och omsorg. Insamlat material utgör databasen med uppgifter om äldres vård och omsorg i kommunerna och i förhållande till vård i Region Skåne. I databasen kommer det att vara möjligt att följa vårdtagare på individnivå inom den kommunala vården och vårdtagare som förflyttas mellan kommunal vård och vård i Region Skåne. Informationen i databasen kan användas av beslutsfattare och handläggare i kommuner och i Region Skåne, samt vidare analyseras och utvecklas genom nya forskningsansatser.
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17.
Samuelsson, Gillis, et al.
(författare)
Formal support, mental disorders and personal characteristics: a 25-year follow-up study of a total cohort of older people.
2003
Ingår i: Health & Social Care in the Community. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0966-0410 .- 1365-2524. ; 11:2, s. 95-102
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
The present study was designed to describe the pattern of long-term formal support received by people with mental disorders, and to investigate the relationship between the medical, psychological and social characteristics of the participants and types of formal support. This study is based on a cohort (n = 192) of people born in 1902 and 1903 in a community in Southern Sweden. The research participants were assessed using interviews, psychological tests and medical examinations. Information was collected about the use of primary healthcare and social services. The first assessment took place when the cohort was aged 67 years, and then on eight further occasions until they were 92. The participation rate ranged from 72% to 100%. During the observation period of 25 years, 53% of people with dementia eventually received both home help and institutional care compared to 34% of people with other psychiatric diagnoses and 12% of people with good mental health. The last group had all physical health problems and/or problems with activities of daily living. However, 35% of the dementia group, 46% with other psychiatric diagnoses and 52% of people with good mental health did not receive any formal support. Males and self-employed people were significantly less likely to use formal support. The institutionalised group reported loneliness significantly more often than the other two groups. In a logistic regression analysis, loneliness, low social class, high blood pressure and low problem-solving ability were predictors of formal support use. People with a mental disorder, including dementia, were significantly more likely to use formal support compared to people with good mental health. Social factors were the main factors predicting formal support.
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23.
Lagergren, M., et al.
(författare)
A longitudinal study integrating population, care and social services data : The Swedish National study on Aging and Care (SNAC)
2004
Ingår i: Aging Clinical and Experimental Research. - Milano : Kurtis. - 1594-0667 .- 1720-8319. ; 16:2, s. 158-168
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Background and aims: A large, national, long-term, longitudinal, multi-purpose study has been launched in Sweden - the Swedish National study on Aging and Care (SNAC). The study involves four research centers collecting data in four different areas of Sweden.Methods: The study consists of two parts: the population part and the care and services part. In the population part, a large, representative panel of elders in different age cohorts is followed over time to record and describe the aging process from different aspects. In the care and services part, a systematic, longitudinal, individually-based collection of data is performed concerning provision of care and services together with functional ability, specific health care problems, and living conditions of the recipients living in the area.Resuits: The data collection in the population part of the SNAC is not yet completed. In the present article, some preliminary results are reported from the care and services part. These pertain to comparisons between the participating areas with respect to the prevalence of disability among those receiving care and social services in their ordinary homes and those receiving care in special accommodation. A comparison is also presented with regard to the amount of home help provided to subjects with a given disability.Conclusions: This project has several advantages. It is expected to generate a rich data base relevant for future research on aging and care and to have a direct impact on the future Swedish system of care and services for the elderly.
24.
Motel-Klingebiel, Andreas, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
Social inequality in the later life: Cross-national comparison of quality of life
2004
Ingår i: European Journal of Ageing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1613-9372 .- 1613-9380. ; 1:1, s. 6-14
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
This paper analyses quality of life and inequality in old age in an international comparative and a life course perspective. Quality of life is seen as an outcome of unequal chances in life. We distinguish between overall and domain specific expressions of quality of life which allows us to analyse the determinants of overall quality of life and their development over the life course. The data presented come from the research project “OASIS - Old Age and Autonomy: The Role of Service Systems and Intergenerational Family Solidarity”. This data set is based on an age stratified random sample of the urban population (25–102 years) in Norway, England, Germany, Spain, and Israel (n=6,106). With advancing age, there are decreasing mean levels and increasing variation of quality of life. With age, the impact of physical health on overall quality of life increases, while the predictive power of other domains decreases. The results support the hypothesis of differentiation as well as the age-dependency hypothesis. For both these both aspects, international comparisons show similar results in different societies. These uniform age tendencies in modern European societies point to a limited importance of societal embeddedness and support the interpretation of age group differences as being life course effects.
25.
