| 1. |
- Bengtsson, Lars, 1963
(författare)
-
Generation and measurement of pulses and delays with RISC-controllers
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Measurement Science and Technology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0957-0233 .- 1361-6501. ; 8, s. 679-683
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An instrument for the generation of pulses and delays has beendeveloped for applications in laserspectroscopy experiments. The pulses from achopped laserbeam are counted, and when a preset value is reached, two signalsare generated: one delayed trigger pulse with constant length and one delayed‘shutter pulse’ (referred to as the ‘shutter window’ below) which opens a light shutterand allows one light pulse to enter the experimental region and excite the sample.The delays of the trigger pulse and the shutter window and the width of the shutterwindow can all be set independently to any value from 0 up to 50 ms with 0.05 mssteps. A separate microcontroller measures the width of the shutter window with anaccuracy of 1micro seconds. The pulse delays and the width of the shutter window are setwith thumbwheel potentiometers connected as voltage dividers. A microcontrollerreads the set values with a four-channel, 12-bit AD converter. This techniquesaves a lot of hardware wiring as well as software writing when compared to thealternative of using separate, BCD-coded thumbwheels for each timesetting.In total, the instrument consists of two independent RISC-controllers: onePIC16C55 for counting chopper pulses and generating pulses and delays, and onePIC16C74 for measuring (and displaying) the width of the shutter window. Thewidth of the shutter window is measured with 1micro second resolution by taking fulladvantage of two different peripherial I/O devices in the PIC16C74: the 16-bit ‘inputcapture’ module and the external interrupt facility.
|
|
| 2. |
- Sorensen, S.L., et al.
(författare)
-
A normal-incidence beam line at the MAX storage ring
- 1990
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0168-9002. ; 297:1-2, s. 296-300
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A 1-m normal-incidence monochromator has been designed and installed on a bending-magnet beam line at the MAX storage ring in Lund. The optical properties of the beam line have been investigated via ray-tracing studies and with flux measurements of the beam line-monochromator combination. A resolution of 0.9 Å at 919.8 Å was measured in first-order diffraction with an argon hollow-cathode lamp for slit openings of 100 μm. A photon flux of 2.0 × 1010 at 550 Å with 250 μm slits was measured with a calibrated GaAs photodiode through a 1.5-mm diameter aperture in an aluminum mask on the photodiode. The new instrument has a microcomputer controlled mechanism which optimizes focussing requirements for a scanning monochromator with the requirement of fixed slits and fixed exit beam.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bengtsson, Lars, 1963
(författare)
-
Avancerad Elektrisk Mätteknik
- 1996
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Boken är avsedd för fortsättnigskurser i elektrisk mätteknik på högskolenivå. Den lämpar sig också väl som kompletteringslitteratur för kurser i signalbehandling. Innehållet är framför allt koncentrerat till analog och digital frekvensanalys, brusreducerande mätmetoder och AD/DA-omvandlingsmetoder. Ett kapitel tar upp signalbehandling och sambanden mellan analys i tid och rum. Fouriertransformen och faltningsintegralen gås igenom i detalj. Boken avslutas dels med ett kapitel om snabba förlopp i transmissionsledningar, dels med ett kapitel om GPIB-bussen. I appendix finns även en beskrivning av RS-232-kommunikation.
|
|
| 4. |
- Adler, Jan-Olof, et al.
(författare)
-
A broad range tagging spectrometer for the MAX-laboratory
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0167-5087. ; 388:1-2, s. 17-26
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A broad range tagging spectrometer together with a new beam transport system for photonuclear experiments at the MAX-laboratory in Lund is described. The spectrometer consists of a quadrupole followed by an Elbek-type dipole and has a large momentum acceptance. It can produce both polarized and unpolarized tagged photons in the energy range 10–80 MeV with an energy resolution of about 300 keV.
|
|
| 5. |
- Almehed, Sverker, et al.
(författare)
-
A Silicon-Tungsten Electromagnetic Calorimeter for LEP
- 1991
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5087 .- 0168-9002. ; 305:2, s. 320-330
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This report describes a silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter used to determine some beam properties and luminosity in the DELPHI experiment at LEP. The polar angular range covered by this detector is 5–8 mrad, which allows the detection of a Bhabha rate about 10 times the rate of produced Z particles at the peak cross section.
|
|
| 6. |
- Anderson, D., et al.
(författare)
-
A variational approach to spherical aberrations in the thermal-wave model for beam dynamics in charged particle accelerators
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Physica Scripta. - : Institute of Physics Publishing. - 0031-8949 .- 1402-4896. ; 58:6, s. 608-612
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A direct variational approach involving trial functions and Ritz optimization, which has previously been found very useful in nonlinear optics, is applied to analyze the effects of spherical aberrations on the focusing properties of charged particle beams in particle colliders. As compared to conventional perturbation theory, the variational approach provides a simple and physically clear analysis. Explicit expressions are given for the transverse particle beam density, the spot size, and the luminosity reduction factor at the interaction point, in good agreement with the perturbative results.
|
|
| 7. |
- Andersson, Åke, et al.
(författare)
-
Beam profile measurements at MAX
- 1995
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5087 .- 0168-9002. ; 364:1, s. 4-12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An electron beam profile monitor system is described. It utilizes the visible bending magnet synchrotron radiation (SR) to form an image of the beam. A model for calculating diffraction and depth of field effects is introduced. Assuming a Gaussian distributed electron beam, the relation between beam image size and actual beam size is then calculated with this model, for a number of practical measuring situations. In a series of measurements at the MAX I electron storage ring at a current of 1 mA, the beam image size has been measured for these calculated situations. The measured values are presented, and their behaviour is in good agreement with the model. With this model the horizontal and vertical rms beam sizes were determined to σx = (203 ± 3) μm and σy = (19 ± 3) μm respectively. The corresponding vertical emittance is approximately 0.05 nm rad.
|
|
| 8. |
- Andersson, Åke, et al.
(författare)
-
Emittance manipulation by first- and second-order lattice control
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0168-9002. ; 387:3, s. 463-470
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lattice of the MAX-I electron storage ring has been investigated and tuned towards small momentum compaction values. By measurements of the synchrotron frequency, bunch length, horizontal beam size and beam movement, the beam has been found to behave in reasonable agreement with the predictions of the lattice model up to second order in energy deviation. Both longitudinal and horizontal emittance could be varied within a relatively large range with lattice changes and/or controlled beam energy changes.
|
|
| 9. |
- Andersson, Åke, et al.
(författare)
-
Experiences with the narrow gap undulator at MAX-lab
- 1995
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5087 .- 0168-9002. ; 362:2-3, s. 586-591
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An undulator with short poles (period 24 mm) and extremely narrow gap (magnet gap 7.7 mm) using a squeezable vacuum chamber has been installed and is in operation at the MAX-lab 550 MeV storage ring. The device operates with a vacuum chamber aperture down to 6.2 mm. The behaviour of the storage ring concerning lifetime, emittance, tune shift and closed orbit is well described by conventional models. We present here the design of the device, the influence on the storage ring and the spectral characteristics, as well as comparison with expected theoretical results and an overview of the activities at the beam line.
|
|
| 10. |
- Andersson, Åke, et al.
(författare)
-
Landau cavities at MAX II
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0167-5087. ; 416:2-3, s. 465-474
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Passive Landau cavities have been built, installed and taken into regular operation in the MAX II ring. The purpose of the Landau damping system is twofold: to decrease the energy spread of the beam induced by coupled bunch oscillations and to increase the Touschek life-time. The cavities are of the pillbox type operated at 1500 MHz, the third harmonic of the main RF. This paper describes the design, tuning and operational results of the cavities.
|
|
| 11. |
- Andersson, Åke, et al.
(författare)
-
Observation of coherent synchrotron radiation from a 1 mm electron bunch at the MAX-I storage ring
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 1996-756X. ; 3775, s. 77-87
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The coherent generation of synchrotron radiation by an electron storage ring is predicted for wavelengths equal to or longer than the electron bunch length. With typical bunch lengths of approximately 1 cm, diffraction and chamber- screening effects have so-far blocked observation of coherent radiation from a conventional radiation beam line. In the low-energy, second-generation light source MAX-I, the magnet lattice has been tuned to a small momentum compaction factor, allowing rms bunch lengths as short as 1 mm. Here we report the coherent emission phenomena observed from such a bunch at the infrared beam line attached to the MAX-I ring.The coherent generation of synchrotron radiation by an electron storage ring is predicted for wavelengths equal to or longer than the electron bunch length. With typical bunch lengths of approximately 1 cm, diffraction and chamber- screening effects have so-far blocked observation of coherent radiation from a conventional radiation beam line. In the low-energy, second-generation light source MAX-I, the magnet lattice has been tuned to a small momentum compaction factor, allowing rms bunch lengths as short as 1 mm. Here we report the coherent emission phenomena observed from such a bunch at the infrared beam line attached to the MAX-I ring.
|
|
| 12. |
- Andersson, Åke, et al.
(författare)
-
Some experiments on synchrotron radiation induced desorption at MAX
- 1995
-
Ingår i: Vacuum. - 0042-207X. ; 46:8-10, s. 757-761
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At the synchrotron radiation facility MAX, the rest gas pressure in the storage rings is dominated by synchrotron radiation induced gas desorption. This desorption decreases with accumulated photon dose. The rate of decrease, or conditioning, is of greatest importance, since an acceptable machine performance, after opening the vacuum system, is highly dependent on the vacuum recovery. In MAX II the synchrotron radiation will hit specially designed absorbers. In order to finalize the design of these absorbers, a series of measurements were performed at the MAX I ring. Here we present the experimental results, which suggest that the area exposed to the emitted photoelectrons should be minimized, in order to obtain a higher rate of conditioning.
|
|
| 13. |
- Andersson, Åke, et al.
(författare)
-
The MAX II synchrotron radiation storage ring
- 1994
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5087 .- 0168-9002. ; 343:2-3, s. 644-649
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A 1.5 GeV third generation storage ring optimised for the VUV and soft X-ray spectral region is currently being built at MAX-lab. The magnet lattice, ring architecture and production choices are optimised to fit within rather tight boundary conditions without sacrificing performance. In this paper, the magnet lattice, light characteristics, injection and technical solutions for the ring are presented.
|
|
| 14. |
- Andersson, Å, et al.
(författare)
-
The new 1.5 GeV storage ring for synchrotron radiation : MAX II
- 1995
-
Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 66:2, s. 1850-1853
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The MAX laboratory at Lund University, Sweden, today operates an accelerator system consisting of a 100 MeV racetrack microtron and a 550 MeV storage ring (MAX I). At the moment (July 1994) a new storage ring MAX II is near completion and will start first injections within 2 months. This work gives an overview of the MAX II project including the first beamlines and a description of the accelerator system. MAX II is a 1.5 GeV third generation light source optimized for the VUV and soft-x-ray region. It consists of a ten cell double bend achromat lattice forming the 90 m circumference ring. Injection is done at 500 MeV from the existing storage ring MAX I, and ramping up to full energy will take place in MAX II. The straight sections have a length of 3.2 m and eight sections are free to house insertion devices. At start up the ring will be equipped with one 7.5 T superconducting wiggler and one 1.8 T multipole wiggler. Two more undulators are ordered and under construction. To be able to achieve the project a few shortcuts have been made in the design of the storage ring: (1) Nonzero dispersion is allowed in the straight sections, (2) chromaticity correction is built into the quadrupole magnets, and (3) the length of the straight sections is limited to 3.2 m. The project is progressing on time. Extraction of an electron beam from the MAX I storage ring has been achieved and has successfully been transported into the MAX II building. The MAX II ring is under assembly with most of the sections already mounted. First injection is planned to take place in August 1994.
|
|
| 15. |
- Beutler, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Adsorption properties of a mixed surface studied by high resolution core level photoemission : CO/0.5 ML Pd/Rh(111)
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Surface Science. - 0039-6028. ; 411:1-2, s. 111-122
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The coverage-dependent adsorption properties of a laterally heterogeneous bimetallic surface have been investigated by high resolution core level photoemission and low energy electron diffraction. The specific system under study was CO adsorbed on a Rh(111) surface onto which 2D Pd islands (coverage 0.5 ML) were formed by vapor deposition. The CO adsorption properties of the heterogeneous surface were compared with CO adsorption on a Rh(111) surface covered with a full Pd monolayer and with previous results for the CO/Rh(111) system. For low exposures CO is only found on the Rh(111) patches which can be explained by diffusion of CO from the Pd islands onto Rh parts in the adsorption process. At higher exposures CO diffusion from Rh to Pd is indicated. The origin of the diffusion processes can be found in the different coverage-dependent CO adsorption energies on the two surface parts.
|
|
| 16. |
- Da Via, C, et al.
(författare)
-
Lightwave Analogue Links For LHC Detector Front-ends
- 1994
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5087 .- 0168-9002. ; 344:1, s. 199-211
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The requirements on optical links for transferring analog and digital signals from the detector front-ends to the readout electronics at future high-luminosity colliders are reviewed. The advantages of external modulation techniques are discussed. An outline is given of the the R&D programme recently started at CERN by a collaboration involving high-energy physics institutes, optoelectronics research laboratories and industry, in order to develop electro-optic intensity modulator arrays, particularly for analogue applications, and to investigate the feasibility of volume production. The design of multichannel demonstrators in lithium niobate and III-V semiconductor technology is described. Preliminary results of the performance measurements are presented.
|
|
| 17. |
- Denecke, R., et al.
(författare)
-
Beamline 1511 at MAX II, capabilities and performance
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - 0368-2048. ; 101-103, s. 971-977
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The new undulator beamline 1511 at MAX-lab, now under commissioning, has been optimized for X-ray emission and photoelectron spectroscopies. Using an SX-700 high flux monochromator the accessible photon energy range is from 90 eV to about 1500 eV. The performance of the undulator agrees very well with the specifications, as shown by measurements using a photodiode. The energy resolution of the monochromator has been checked using absorption measurements in a gas cell. It was found to meet the expectations and exceeds a resolving power of 10 000 at 244 eV. The photon flux as a function of energy has been recorded as well and gives a maximum flux of 3×1013 photons/s/100 mA/0.1% BW. Beamlines 1511 and 1411 will be the first synchrotron beamlines making use of a so-called beam waist phenomenon, known from laser physics. We show results of ray-tracing calculations to determine the ultimate spot size on the sample location. The endstations to be used at this new beamline and their capabilities will be discussed as an example of the future use of this facility.
|
|
| 18. |
- Guo, J. H., et al.
(författare)
-
Characterization of undulator radiation at MAXII using a soft X-ray fluorescence spectrometer
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0168-9002. ; 431:1, s. 285-293
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A grazing-incidence grating spectrometer has been used for the investigation of the undulator radiation from beamline 411 at MAX-lab. The direct detection of undulator light is expected to obtain the information of the quality of the undulator. Regular undulator radiation and some higher harmonics were observed. The effects of electronic beam coupling and Landau cavities have been studied. The experiment presents an easy and quick method to characterize the undulator radiation before the permanent monochromator is installed.
|
|
| 19. |
- Jensen, B. N., et al.
(författare)
-
Design and performance of a spherical grating monochromator used at MAX I
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0168-9002. ; 394:1-2, s. 243-250
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the performance of a grazing incidence spherical grating monochromator installed at MAX I and designed to cover the photon energy range from about 15-200 eV with high resolving power. It is intended mainly for angle-resolved photoemission work. Therefore, both refocusing optics, to obtain a small spot size at the sample, and a higher order light suppressor, to reduce the content of higher orders, have been incorporated in the design. The theoretically calculated energy resolution is presented and compared to the resolution obtained in photoabsorption measurements of gas-phase He, Ne, Kr, Xe, and N2. The possibility to reduce the influence of higher orders is illustrated by photoemission data collected on Si (100). The experimental results show that the monochromator fulfills the expected design goals.
|
|
| 20. |
- Jensen, B. N., et al.
(författare)
-
Thermal effects of undulator radiation on Si optics for a plane grating monochromator
- 1995
-
Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 66:2, s. 2129-2131
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Insertion devices on the third-generation 1.5 GeV electron storage ring MAX II will subject the grazing incidence mirrors and gratings of new soft x-ray beamlines to high thermal loads. These thermal loads will cause distortion in the optical surfaces which can be reduced to acceptable levels by the proper choice of substrate material and cooling. A finite element analysis of the temperature variation and thermal distortions is carried out for Si plane mirrors and gratings under thermal load from the 66 mm period undulator planned for MAX II. The energy dependence of the reflectivity for Au-coated mirrors is taken into account. The minimum cooling requirements are determined for each of these optical components in the beamline. The effect of the final induced figure errors on the performance of a plane grating monochromator are discussed.
|
|
| 21. |
- Johansson, U., et al.
(författare)
-
Thermal desorption of oxides on Si(100) : A case study for the scanning photoelectron microscope at Max-Lab
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - 0368-2048. ; 84:1-3, s. 45-52
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A scanning photoelectron microscope, utilizing a focused beam of monochromatized photons in the energy range from 15 to 150 eV, has been used to study the thermal desorption of oxide layers on Si(100). The instrument can provide high-resolution photoelectron spectra from selected parts of the surface as well as images showing the lateral distribution (on a micrometer scale) of elements in different chemical states by monitoring the photoemission intensity of chemically shifted core levels. Both native (10-15 Å) and thick (200-400 Å) oxides have been studied. The desorption (at 840°C) of the native oxide proceeds through a phase of irregular (on a micrometer scale) and diminishing areas of dioxide until a clean surface is obtained. For the thick oxide, annealing to 1100°C creates circular voids in the oxide layer which grow linearly in diameter with annealing time. The surface in these voids mainly consists of clean silicon but a small amount of remaining SiO2 is observed. This remaining dioxide most probably consists of small clusters or particles. For both types of oxide, we find, during and after desorption, a surface-shifted component in the Si 2p core level spectra indicating that at least parts of the surface have an ordered structure which most probably is a 2 × 1 reconstruction.
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
- Martinsson, Bengt G., et al.
(författare)
-
A high-sensitivity method for hydrogen analysis in thin targets
- 1993
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, B. - 0168-583X. ; 82:4, s. 589-599
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A sensitive and fast method for hydrogen analysis has been developed. The method is based on a technique where a proton beam of a few MeV impinges on the target and the elastically scattered proton and the recoiling target hydrogen nucleus are detected in coincidence. The method makes use of the difference in time of flight and requires no energy determination. The system consists of two thin, large-area plastic scintillation detectors placed at angles of 45° relative to the beam direction on either side of the beam. Evaluations of the system showed that a stable coincidence yield with respect to position in the target plane and target displacement can be obtained provided that the geometry of the setup is carefully designed. The yield as a function of target thickness was almost linear for target thicknesses up to 2000 μg/cm2. It was also found that count rates up to 500000 s-1 in each branch may be used. The minimum detection limit for the hydrogen detection system was found to be of the order of a few pg/cm2 for a proton beam energy of 3.6 MeV.
|
|
| 24. |
- Martinsson, Bengt G., et al.
(författare)
-
Experimental cross sections for Bremsstrahlung production by the impact of MeV protons on low-Z targets
- 1990
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, B. - 0168-583X. ; 47:4, s. 361-369
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The production of continuously distributed X-rays by the impact of protons of 1.9-3.0 MeV for X-ray energies between 4 and 6.5 keV, and 1.9-2.65 MeV for X-ray energies between 1.7 and 4 keV has been investigated. Five different target types have been irradiated: polyethylene, polystyrene, carbon. KaptonTM and MylarTM. The results are presented as absolute cross sections for continuous X-ray production at the proton energy 2.55 MeV, and the proton energy dependence is presented in terms of linear and exponential functions in different regimes related to electron binding energy. The effect of electron escape was investigated. The data were modelled using the concept of effective electron escape depth.
|
|
| 25. |
- Sandell, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Observation of a low-energy adsorbate core-level satellite for CO bonded to palladium : Coordination-dependent effects
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Physical Review B (Condensed Matter). - 0163-1829. ; 57:20, s. 13199-13208
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A strong low-energy shake-up satellite for CO adsorbed on Pd is observed. The occurrence of the satellite is established for the CO/1 ML Pd/Mo(110) system at a coverage where CO adsorbs exclusively on-top. Comparisons with CO adsorbed on Pd single-crystal surfaces and small supported Pd particles indicate that the strongly increased satellite intensity is due to the decreased CO-Pd interaction strength for on-top adsorbed CO. This can be used to get further insight into the structure and bonding properties of the adsorbate system. Since a low-energy shake-up feature may be misinterpreted as a chemically shifted component, the conclusion is that great care has to be taken in the evaluation of adsorbate core-level spectra for systems with large variations in adsorption strength depending on the adsorbate sites. Large variations in the CO site distribution may furthermore occur depending on the nature of the Pd substrate: Adsorption of CO on 1 ML Pd/Mo(110) leads to an overlayer dominated by an on-top species and, likewise, the CO overlayer formed on small Pd particles after large doses has a large fraction of on-top bonded species. This is in strong contrast to Pd single-crystal surfaces, where CO adsorbed in more highly coordinated sites is abundant.
|
|
