| 1. |
- Eriksson, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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Amphetamine abuse during pregnancy : Follow-up of children after 14 years
- 1994
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Ingår i: Pediatric Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-3998 .- 1530-0447. ; :36, s. 13-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sixtyfive children born to women who all used amphetamine during pregnancy have been followed prospectively since birth 1976-77. The children have been tested and examined regularly, demonstrating that social environmental factors influence the child's growth and somatic status while exposure for amphetamine during fetal life seem to influence the child's test results and behaviour up to the age of 8 years.After 14 years information was collected about school achievement, health, somatic growth and psycosocial environment. Only 20 children (30%) were still in the custody of their biological mothers. Ten children (15%) were one class below that for their biological age. Corresponding figure in Sweden is < 5 %. Grades in language, mathematics and sports were significantly lower than the mean of their schoolmates. The difference was most pronounced in boys. Weight and length were decreased in girls and increased in boys in comparison with Swedish school children born in the same year. Socioenvironmental risk factors correlated with poor outcome.Amphetamine abuse during pregnancy will influence the development of exposed children up to the age of 14 years.
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| 2. |
- Lodinová-Zádníková, R, et al.
(författare)
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The antibody response in breast-fed and non-breast-fed infants after artificial colonization of the intestine with Escherichia coli O83.
- 1991
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Ingår i: Pediatric research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-3998 .- 1530-0447. ; 29:4 Pt 1, s. 396-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The local and systemic antibody response after oral administration of a nonenteropathogenic type 1 fimbriated Escherichia coli O83 strain was followed in nine breast-fed and eight formula-fed infants during their first 15 wk of life. Five breast-fed and six formula-fed infants were followed as controls. E. coli O83 was detected in the stools of colonized infants from d 2 after colonization and persisted in the intestine for up to 26 wk. The percentage of children successfully colonized with E. coli O83 was higher among breast-fed than among formula-fed colonized infants. Also, the O83 bacteria isolated from the breast-fed children had a higher capacity to attach to colonic epithelial cells of the HT-29 cell line than those isolated from bottle-fed infants. E. coli O83 IgA and IgM antibodies estimated by ELISA were significantly elevated in the saliva of colonized as compared with control infants 2-7 wk after colonization. IgA antibodies against O83 were also higher in the stool of colonized formula-fed infants than in formula-fed controls. The results suggest that the mucosal immune system of the newborn infant can be triggered early to produce specific antibodies against bacteria colonizing the intestine.
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| 3. |
- Michaelsen, K F, et al.
(författare)
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Serum bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein in a longitudinal study of infants : lower values in formula-fed infants.
- 1992
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Ingår i: Pediatric Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-3998 .- 1530-0447. ; 31:4 Pt 1, s. 401-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein [BGP (osteocalcin)] is a protein synthesized by osteoblasts and incorporated in the bone matrix. Serum BGP is a sensitive marker of bone formation, and it parallels the growth velocity curve during childhood and adolescence. Serum BGP was measured at the age of 2, 6, and 9 mo in a cohort study of nutrition and growth in 91 healthy infants. At 2 mo, the mean BGP value (+/- SD) was 275 +/- 87 ng/mL in infants exclusively breast-fed, and 80 +/- 44 ng/mL in formula-fed infants. At 6 mo, the values were 142 +/- 58 ng/mL and 55 +/- 30 ng/mL, and at 9 mo 75 +/- 39 ng/mL and 45 +/- 19 ng/mL in partially breast-fed and formula-fed infants, respectively. The differences were significant (p less than 0.001) at all three ages. At 2 and 9 mo, breast-milk intake was measured by test-weighing. Serum BGP was positively correlated to breast milk intake (mL/kg body wt) at 2 mo (r = 0.59, p less than 0.001) and 9 mo (r = 0.41, p = 0.06). When breast-feeding was stopped, the high BGP concentrations were not sustained. There were no significant differences in linear growth velocity between breast-fed and formula-fed infants and no correlation between BGP values and linear growth velocity. We speculate that either a factor in human milk or the level of minerals in human milk causes the high BGP values. Moreover, if the higher values are associated with increased osteoblast activity, then the remodeling or the mineralization of bone might be different in infants not being breast-fed.
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