| 1. |
- Abrahamsson, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Inheritance of height growth and autumn cold hardiness based on two generations of full-sib and half-sib families of Pinus sylvestris
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 27, s. 405-413
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genetic variability in height growth and autumn cold hardiness were evaluated in a full-sib family of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris (L.)) in a field trial in northern Sweden and 358 open pollinated families generated from the progeny of the full-sib cross. Height and autumn cold hardiness were assessed in the progeny of the full-sib cross at 9-19 years of age and on 3995 open pollinated progenies at three years of age. The autumn cold hardiness [critical temperature (CT)] of trees and progenies was tested by artificial freeze testing of detached needles at various temperatures. Significant genetic variation was found among progenies in both height growth and cold hardiness with a narrow sense heritability of 0.16 and 0.37, respectively. There was also a significant positive genetic correlation (r(a) = 0.39) between height growth and CT with taller trees showing later autumn cold acclimation. It was concluded that there is significant additive genetic variance for height and CT which warrants a potential for mapping quantitative trait loci. Furthermore, the low heritability for height growth shows the importance of removing the environmental influence by using additive genetic predictions instead of phenotypic measurements thereby improving the accuracy of genetic associations.
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| 2. |
- Alarcon Ferrari, Cristian, et al.
(författare)
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Forest research from a critical perspective - How can it contribute to new knowledge?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 27, s. 108-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper develops insights from critical social theory with the aim of laying some foundations for critical forest research (CFR). The authors argue that such an approach could create needed knowledge about contemporary forest issues. In doing so, the paper first delves into the distinction between forest policy and politics of forests which is identified as a conceptually relevant issue within the context of CFR. Second, it uses the outcomes of the workshop Forest research from a critical perspective - How can it contribute to new knowledge? that was convened by the authors at the first Nordic Conference on Forest Policy Science held in Uppsala October 2010 to build on the conceptualisation of politics and policy within forest research. The combined findings of both a literature review on the issue of politics of forest and forest policy and the aforementioned workshop show that the conceptual difference between policy and politics is a key theoretical issue in relation to future prospects for CFR. In addition the results of the workshop clearly identified the epistemological, normative, social change dimensions and awareness of structural barriers as being at the core of attempts to develop theoretically grounded CFR. It is argued that a clarification of the concept "critique" is important within this context.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Kjell, et al.
(författare)
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Green infrastructures and intensive forestry: Need and opportunity for spatial planning in a Swedish rural-urban gradient
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 28, s. 143-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a current industrial and societal interest in Europe to further intensify the yield of wood for the forest industry and biomass. At the same time, green infrastructures for ecological and sociocultural values in forest landscapes should be functional. Municipalities have exclusive responsibility for comprehensive planning in Sweden. We modelled the spatial distribution of green infrastructures in terms of three forest types with high ecological values, and three sociotopes with high sociocultural values in 119 municipalities in a ruralurban gradient in Sweden. Forest land without such values should be available for intensive forestry with lower conflict risk. We also estimated the municipalities' potential for physical planning in terms of financial and social capital, and ownership category structure. The area of functional green infrastructures varied considerably among municipalities. Municipalities with a high proportion of functional green infrastructure, thus less available for intensive forestry, were characterised by a stronger tax base, higher population density and lower demographic dependency ratio, and lower proportions of industrial and state forest ownership. We discuss the need for and opportunities of introducing collaborative physical planning to accommodate multiple demands on forest landscapes. We conclude that to accommodate both functional green infrastructures and intensive forestry, a landscape approach including knowledge-based collaboration is needed at multiple-levels of governance and management.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Non-industrial private forest owners' financial risk taking : Does gender matter?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 25, s. 6-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Male and female non-industrial private forest (NIPF) owners differ in inheritance positions, valuations and forest management style. A survey of Swedish NIPF owners found that male and female owners differ in their willingness to take a financial risk. The preliminary analysis, looking only at gender, revealed no difference in the willingness to take risk. Dividing the population according to dependence on income from forestry, however, showed that female NIPF owners increased their willingness to take financial risk when the dependence of income from forestry changed from insubstantial to notable. Females' tolerance towards risk was also significantly higher than males' at the notable level of dependence of forestry income. Having or not having economic yield as one of the most important objectives of ownership seemed to have a little effect on the willingness to take financial risk; however, the results were further strengthened when adding this dimension. A gender perspective was applied to explain identified differences between male and female forest owners concerning their willingness to take financial risks. Whether these differences emanate from real differences in willingness to take risk, or whether they are effects from other differences in male and female forest ownership, is discussed.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Stefan
(författare)
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Soil and soil-solution chemistry after burning a clear-felled area in boreal Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 28, s. 735-745
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Scandinavian forestry, prescribed burning is carried out to promote biodiversity. This study was initiated to examine how burning of a clear-felled area affected the soil and soil-solution chemistry in a nitrogen-limited coniferous forest in boreal Sweden. The stand was clear-felled and the logging residues were left on site. The harvested area was divided into two parts: one part was burnt within three months after clear-felling while the other part was left as a control. Soil and soil-solution samples were collected before and after felling and burning. In the FH layer, pH and the concentration of K and P tended to increase immediately after burning. Six years later, only small effects on soil chemistry were indicated, but the N concentration in the FH layer appeared lower in the burnt area even after 11 years. In the deep soil solution, the total organic carbon concentration was lower in the burnt area than in the unburnt area. The NO3--N concentration in the burnt area peaked at 0.50 mg l(-1) and the mean concentration during the first seven seasons was 0.13 mg l(-1). In the unburnt area, the NO3--N concentration peaked at 3.1 mg l(-1) and the corresponding mean concentration was 1.0 mg l(-1). Although the general level of NO3--N was low in this study, burning largely counteracted the increase in NO3--N concentration that usually follows final felling.
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| 6. |
- Anerud, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Fuel quality of Norway spruce stumps - influence of harvesting technique and storage method
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 26, s. 257-266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interest in using stump biomass as a biofuel has recently increased in Sweden. The uneven consumption of wood fuel during the year creates a need for storage. This study examined the properties of stump biomass and how they vary at two sites in Sweden depending on harvesting technique, storage method and storage period. Norway spruce stumps, extracted using three different stump harvesting heads (Pallari, Rotary Cutter and Aalto), were stored in windrows or heaps. After 3 months, stumps stored in heaps were gathered into windrows. The fuel quality parameters moisture content (MC), ash content (AC) and calorific value (CV) were evaluated on five occasions in the period May 2008-September 2009. After 16 months of storage, the MC in all treatments had decreased to <25% (wet basis). Average AC decreased from 3.8% to around 1% (dry basis), whereas CV marginally increased. Stumps split during harvesting dried better than those harvested in one piece. The influence of storage method was minimal, although initial storage in heaps allowed better drying in the stumps harvested in one piece. In general, fuel quality improved in all treatments after storage.
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| 7. |
- Appelstrand, Marie
(författare)
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Developments in Swedish forest policy and administration – from a 'policy of restriction' towards a 'policy of cooperation'
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 27:2, s. 186-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New tools and forms of cooperation at the landscape level are needed in order for forestry and environmental conservation to co-exist in areas with many land owners. Awareness has existed for several years in Sweden that cooperation at the landscape level is essential for protecting areas of high environmental value. This awareness has come to expression in several projects and initiatives. One of these projects is the Östra Vätterbranterna Partnership, a successful example of the new orientation towards environmental management as formulated in the government bill Sustainable protection of nature areas: new working methods with a focus on collaboration and increased dialogue by involving more actors and utilizing a greater combination of steering instruments. This development resonates with the growing trend towards deregulation and less state intervention in environmental management, implying a stronger emphasis on new governance structures and market-driven processes. This paper examines the preconditions for a development towards governance-oriented forms of steering in the area of environmental policy and law, with specific emphasis on the protection of forestry areas with high environmental value. Paralleling this development, the transformation of environmental public administration is analyzed, using a model representing three different perspectives on administration’s role, values and meaning, showing state action’s progressive transition from ‘rowing’ to ‘steering’ to ‘serving’ and facilitating.
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| 8. |
- Arhipova, Natalija, et al.
(författare)
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Heart-rot and associated fungi in Alnus glutinosa stands in Latvia
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 27, s. 327-336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interest in Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. as plantation species has increased during last years, but its prospects should be evaluated from the perspective of forest health. The aims of the present study were to: (1) estimate the incidence of stem decay in Latvian A. glutinosa stands, (2) measure the extent of decay within individual stems and on a stand level and (3) identify decay-causing fungi. In four A. glutinosa stands, 450 trees were randomly sampled with an increment borer and the presence/absence of decay was recorded. As a result, 112 sound-looking and 338 decayed trees were detected, and a corresponding number of wood samples were collected for fungal isolations. A total of 34 stems with decay symptoms were cut to measure the extent of internal decay. The incidence of decayed stems in studied stands was 75.1% on average. The length of the decay column was 7.7 +/- 5.4 m on average, and that of spongy rot was 4.2 +/- 4.5 m on average, implying that yield losses for fully stocked 80-years-old A. glutinosa stand would comprise 49.2% of the total stand volume, and the losses from spongy rot alone -30.5%. In total, 1134 isolates representing 68 fungal taxa were obtained. The most common decay-causing fungi were Inonotus radiatus and Armillaria sp.
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| 9. |
- Arnerup, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Variation in growth of Heterobasidion parviporum in a full-sib family of Picea abies
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 25:2, s. 106-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heterobasidion parviporum (Fr.) Niemelä & Korhonen and Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. sensu lato are some of the major forest pathogens in the northern hemisphere causing root and butt rot to conifers. The relative susceptibility to H. parviporum was investigated in a full-sib family of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] by inoculating a set of 252 cloned progenies from a controlled cross. Four ramets of each progeny were used and the 2-year-old rooted cuttings were incubated for 6 weeks under greenhouse conditions. The condition of the cuttings was assessed visually and all the plants were in excellent vigour with no mortality recorded during the experiment. To score the relative susceptibility, lesion length in the inner bark and fungal growth in the sapwood were measured. Among the progenies, significant differences were found for fungal growth in the sapwood (p<0.0005). There was no significant difference for lesion length; however, there was a significant positive correlation between fungal growth and lesion length. The broad-sense heritability was 0.11 for fungal growth. This shows that the genetic component for susceptibility to H. parviporum can be detected even within a full-sib family of Norway spruce and that there is a potential for mapping quantitative trait loci for this trait in Norway spruce.
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| 10. |
- Arora Jonsson, Seema
(författare)
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Particular and wider interests in natural resource management: Organizing together but separately
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 25, s. 33-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The focus that scholars have put on mainstream institutions for resource management, i.e. those recognized by the community and development agents as the primary organizations for resource management, has tended to mask alternative, less visible, but equally robust, organizational forms in which resources are managed and development is carried out at the local level. Mainstream institutions are often inadequate as arenas for negotiating contested interests. By directing attention to women's organizing in contexts in the south (India) and the north (Sweden), it is argued in this paper that although inclusive and heterogeneous structures are essential for the sustainable and equitable management of natural resources such as forests, in order to be able to be so, mainstream institutions need to be able to relate to other structures and forms that are exclusive and represent particular interests. This study of institutional contexts in such different places informs thinking on resource management, development and gender equality, and has practical implications for sustainable and equitable resource management. Importantly, it draws attention to the need to redefine how we study institutions for natural resource management.
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| 11. |
- Bakys, Remigijus, et al.
(författare)
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Root rot, associated fungi and their impact on health condition of declining Fraxinus excelsior stands in Lithuania
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 26, s. 128-135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dieback of Fraxinus excelsior L. associated with Chalara fraxinea is observed in Europe, and in some areas dying trees exhibit symptoms of root and butt rot. Our study was conducted (1) to estimate the impact of the rot on F. excelsior dieback severity; (2) to identify fungi colonizing roots of dieback-affected trees; (3) to check their pathogenicity to F. excelsior; and (4) to estimate sprouting incidence and sprout health condition in relation to presence/absence of rot. The extent of rot was measured in 33 trees with different dieback intensity, 150 fungal isolations were attempted from roots of 50 trees, 26 fungi were tested for pathogenicity to 286 saplings, and sprouting was evaluated for 328 stumps on three clear-felled sites. Root rot was mainly caused by Armillaria cepistipes, and the extent of rot correlated positively with dieback severity although it played a secondary role in tree decline. Four years after tree felling, root rot had a negative impact on sprouting frequency, yet rot did not enter sprouts from stumps, and when experimentally inoculated, fungi associated with root rot in mature ash had no visible impact on tree vigor, showing that after formation of sprouts, rot does not affect the subsequent phytosanitary condition. Sprouts on investigated sites exhibited Chalara dieback symptoms on leaves and bark irrespectively of presence/absence of rot, indicating that vigorous natural regeneration of F. excelsior in dieback-affected areas could not be expected.
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| 12. |
- Beland Lindahl, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Future forests: Perceptions and strategies of key actors
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 27, s. 154-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract This paper investigates how key actors perceive the future of the forest sector: how they position themselves in relation to climate, energy and demography related trends. Actors’ perceptions of future challenges and opportunities influence their choice of strategy and action. Actors’ relative capacity to realise their visions, in turn, shape future forest use. Frame analysis is used to explore selected actor’s perceptions and strategies and the existence of major divisions, i.e. frame conflicts. Empirically, the study is based on the case of Sweden as a typical boreal forest producing region. Actors’ perceptions of the challenges facing the forest sector diverge widely. Yet, most actors see the future of the forest sector as linked to broader issues of climate mitigation and energy transition. These issues trigger fundamental discussions about social change and the role of forests in future society. A major division separates actors who perceive biomass supply as unlimited, or at least not constraining, and those who stress scarcity and re-distribution of resources. This difference, or frame conflict, is reflected in actors’ forest related strategies and may fuel future forest debates and conflicts
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| 13. |
- Berg, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Torque required to twist and cut loose Scots pine stumps
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 27, s. 724-733
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stump wood is a possible source of renewable energy, but before its potential as a fuel can be utilised to a high degree, new harvesting techniques should be developed to reduce the environmental impact (notably ground disturbance) of harvesting stumps. The forces required to lift and drag stumps out of the soil are known. In this study, two unknown and important parameters were addressed: the torque required to uproot stumps by twisting them and the torque required to cut lateral roots around stumps. A new, improved stump-twisting rig was designed and used in trials with 28 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) trees (breast-height diameter over bark, 153-427 mm). The measured torque requirements ranged from 10 to 50 kNm. Twisting stumps required more torque than cutting lateral roots around stumps and the required torque increased with increases in stump size. The results indicate that a wrist on a big feller-buncher, but not a conventional rotator used on forest machines, should be able to generate sufficient torque to cut the roots around stumps such as those used in this study.
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| 14. |
- Bergström, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of the cost and energy efficiencies of present and future biomass supply systems for young dense forests
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 29, s. 793-812
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective was to study the effect of future harvesting and handling technologies on the cost and energy efficiency of supply chains for young dense thinnings. The system costs and energy requirements were modeled using type of stands, products delivered, and transport distances as variables. In total, 14 systems were analyzed, of which five represented future systems. The effects of increasing the payloads of off-road and road transportation of whole tree (WT) parts by 10%, 20%, and 30% were also analyzed. If boom-corridor thinning technologies, optimized bundle-harvesters, and loadcompression devices are developed, on average, costs are reduced by 12 compared with present systems. For example, at an average harvested tree size of 22 dm technologies would reduce the cost by up to 15% and the energy requirements by 21%. These effects increase with reduced tree sizes and increased transportation distances. The effects of future technologies are especially significant for tree sizes below 30 dm Thus, there should be increased research and development of boom-corridor felling technology, bundle-harvesters, and load-compression devices.–27% and 11–30% less energy is required when3, the supply of WT using future3, representing a significant part of the potential that could be harvested annually in Sweden.
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| 15. |
- Bergström, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Continuous felling of small diameter trees in boom-corridors with a prototype felling head
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 27, s. 474-480
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simulations of the continuous felling of trees in boom-corridors have suggested that it may be possible to increase harvester productivity by a factor of 2.4 when thinning young dense stands. A prototype boom-tip mounted felling head for harvesting in this fashion was therefore built and tested in the field. Using the new head, stands with a density of 10,000 trees ha(-1) and a mean diameter at breast height (dbh) of 7 cm were felled at a speed of 0.4 m s(-1), with an efficiency of 3.5 s tree(-1). The felling speed was limited by the speed of movement of the harvester crane's boom. However, additional tests suggested that the new head could be operated at felling speeds of up to 1.3 m s(-1) when cutting trees with dbh values of up to 8 cm. The simulation that prompted this study focused on multiple felling with the crane in continuous motion at speeds of 1 m s(-1); the results obtained in this work suggest that the new felling head is capable of sustaining these speeds and so further technical development of the design (e.g. to incorporate accumulating functionality) is warranted.
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| 16. |
- Björkdahl, Joakim, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Organizational climate and capabilities for innovation: a study of nine forest-based Nordic manufacturing firms
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 26:5, s. 488-500
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forest-based manufacturing firms are currently under pressure to achieve higher margins and increased profits. Many firms have tried to maintain profits by cutting costs, however, the effects of this, in markets suffering from overcapacity and declining demand, are temporary. Instead, innovation is seen as being the key to firm growth and sustained profit. This article presents a study of nine large Nordic (Swedish and Norwegian) forest-based manufacturing firms, with operations ranging from pulp and paper chemicals, pulp production, packaging boards, packaging paper, and specialty paper to food processing and packaging solutions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prerequisites for innovation at firm level in terms of firms' organizational climate and capabilities for innovation, and how these firms could improve their innovation processes. The paper draws on data from a collaborative research project that includes these nine firms, derived from interviews and questionnaires. The results show that forest-based firms are creative and have the potential to be innovative. However, the capabilities for innovation, that is the capabilities to do things differently and to exploit ideas, differ among firms. The study highlights two capabilities that may be obvious but are critical for innovation - management willingness and awareness, and the implementation of a strategy for innovation - and that the potential exists for increased output through appropriate managerial action. © 2011 Taylor & Francis.
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| 17. |
- Bohlin, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Forest variable estimation using photogrammetric matching of digital aerial images in combination with a high-resolution DEM
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 27, s. 692-699
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rapid development in aerial digital cameras in combination with the increased availability of high-resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) provides a renaissance for photogrammetry in forest management planning. Tree height, stem volume, and basal area were estimated for forest stands using canopy height, density, and texture metrics derived from photogrammetric matching of digital aerial images and a high-resolution DEM. The study was conducted at a coniferous hemi-boreal site in southern Sweden. Three different data-sets of digital aerial images were used to test the effects of flight altitude and stereo overlap on an area-based estimation of forest variables. Metrics were calculated for 344 field plots (10 m radius) from point cloud data and used in regression analysis. Stand level accuracy was evaluated using leave-one-out cross validation of 24 stands. For these stands the tree height ranged from 4.8 to 26.9 m (17.8 m mean), stem volume 13.3 to 455 m3 ha-1 (250 m3 ha-1 mean), and basal area from 4.1 to 42.9 m2 ha-1 (27.1 m2 ha-1 mean) with mean stand size of 2.8 ha. The results showed small differences in estimation accuracy of forest variables between the data-sets. The data-set of digital aerial images corresponding to the standard acquisition of the Swedish National Land Survey (Lantma¨teriet), showed Root Mean Square Errors (in percent of the surveyed stand mean) of 8.8% for tree height, 13.1% for stem volume and 14.9% for basal area. The results imply that photogrammetric matching of digital aerial images has significant potential for operational use in forestry.
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| 18. |
- Boman, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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The hunting value of game in Sweden: Have changes occurred over recent decades?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 27, s. 669-674
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This short communication deals with the hunting value of all game in Sweden, specifically changes over time in value and value components, and differences between the northern and southern parts of the country. The investigation was based on two mail surveys, one conducted in 1987 and the other in 2006. The results suggested that the gross hunting value and the hunting cost share of this value increased over the two decades. The consumer surplus (net value) share decreased correspondingly, while the recreation share and the meat share of the hunting value were more stable over time. It appeared that in 1987 as well as in 2006 the southern Swedish hunters tended to value their hunting higher than the hunters in northern Sweden, especially when it came to the recreation. The results should be relevant in the context of game management, adaptive game management in particular.
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| 19. |
- Brege, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
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Value-added strategies and forward integration in the Swedish sawmill industry: positioning and profitability in the high-volume segment
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 25:5, s. 482-493
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The changing market conditions for the Swedish sawmill industry place a focus on a better understanding of the pros and cons of value-added and forward integration strategies. The purpose of this article is to describe and explain recent value-added strategies in the Swedish sawmill industry. The study includes strategies from 13 of the 15 largest sawmill companies for the period between 2002 and 2005, describing a differentiation between value added in primary sawmill production and forward integration into secondary production. It also aims to relate some basic conditions, such as company size, company growth and corporate strategy, to value added and forward integration to profitability. The results show strong positive and significant correlations between forward integration, value added in primary production (somewhat weaker) and unit revenue, and profitability measured as return on investment. There were no strong or significant correlations between size and profitability, playing down the importance of economies of scale (among these already large companies). An interesting result is the much higher profitability of the buying sawmill companies compared with the forest corporations, stressing the importance of both a long-term strategy when investing in value-added activities and ultimately the priorities of ownership.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Busse Nielsen, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Municipal woodland in Denmark: resources, governance and management
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 28, s. 49-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban woodlands are the subject of complex decision-making that requires a strategic overview of the resource. This article contributes a national study of municipal woodland in Denmark. Data were collected among all Danish municipalities through a postal survey (with a response rate of 52%). As much as 83% of the woodland units were located within urban settlements or at their fringe, emphasising that municipalities are important urban woodland providers. Municipal woodland resources were typically divided into many separate units of varying size. On average, the responding municipalities owned 12.6 woodland units with an allocated area of 265 ha, resulting in a mean size of 21.5 ha. A general lack of management plans, and a significant drop in recreational facilities provided with decreasing woodland size indicate that the recreational use potential of small woodland units was largely overlooked. Municipal woodland units frequently bordered other woodland or nature areas of different ownership. Thus even small municipal woodlands can play a key role in the development of multifunctional green infrastructures in the urban landscape. Only municipalities with extensive woodland property had issued a woodland policy, and/or certified woodland management. This indicates a need for development of governance and strategic management instruments attractive to municipalities with limited woodland property.
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| 22. |
- Carina, E., et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of forest certification in Sweden : an issue of organisation and communication
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 29:5, s. 473-484
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The goal of nature conservation is often implemented on productive forest land largely by means of forest certification a market-driven, voluntary system of third-party verification of the fulfilment of specific goals. This study assesses how certification requirements are being implemented in various organisations in the forest sector at various levels, and the problems and opportunities identified at each level in order to implement the requirements of the standard. Based on interviews with 34 stakeholders in Sweden, the study demonstrates that forest certification is a communication issue: it places great demands on communication or "information logistics" between different parts of the felling and forest management chain, from the top management to the contractor in the field. Integration with environmental performance systems, clarity in the division of responsibility, formalisation of requirements for forest planning and further integration of a culture of continuous improvement and internal reporting could support implementation of the certification system.
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| 23. |
- Di Fulvio, Fulvio, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of energy-wood and pulpwood thinning systems in young birch stands
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 26, s. 339-349
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In early thinnings, a profitable alternative to pulpwood could be to harvest whole trees as energy-wood. In theoretical analyses, we compared the extractible volumes of energy-wood and pulpwood, and their respective gross values in differently aged stands of early birch thinnings at varying intensities of removal. In a parallel field experiment, we compared the productivity at harvest of either pulpwood or energy-wood, and the profitability when the costs of harvesting and forwarding were included. The theoretical analyses showed that the proportion of the total tree biomass removed as pulpwood increased with increasing thinning intensity and stem size. The biomass volume was 1.5-1.7 times larger than the pulpwood volume for a 13.9 diameter at breast height stand and 2.0-3.5 times larger for a 10.4 diameter at breast height stand. In the field experiment, the harvested volume per hectare of energy-wood was almost twice as high as the harvest of pulpwood. The harvesting productivity (trees Productive harvesting Work Time-hour-1) was 205 in the energy-wood and 120 in the pulpwood treatment. The pulpwood treatment generated a net loss, whereas the energy-wood treatment generated a net income, the average difference being 595 ha-1. We conclude that in birch-dominated early thinning stands, at current market prices, harvesting energy-wood is more profitable than harvesting pulpwood.
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- Eriksson, Ola
(författare)
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Collaborative development of a semantic wiki on forest management decision support
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 29, s. 30-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Semantic wikis support collaboratively editing, categorising, interlinking and retrieving web pages for a group of experts working in a certain domain. The use of semantic technologies allows the expression of wiki content in a more structured way, which increases its potential use. This contribution presents an overview of the development process towards a semantic wiki related to a repository of forest decision support systems, including models, methods and data used, as well as case studies and lessons learned. An international group of experts took part in the conceptualisation of the semantic wiki (i.e. identification of wiki properties and forms), provided content and developed queries to analyse the information gathered. The resulting ForestDSS wiki gives an overview of the current use, development and application of forest decision support systems worldwide. Based on the experiences gathered during the process, some challenges are reported and conclusions on further developments are made.
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