| 1. |
- Gong, Xun, et al.
(författare)
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Of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in the CMIP6 Project
- 2022
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Ingår i: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0967-0645 .- 1879-0100. ; 206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) upper-cell circulation is widely linked to global oceans and climate. Here, we focus on a statistical overview about the modelled AMOCs on the basis of the historical simulations in the 5th and 6th phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5 and CMIP6), including the modelled AMOC strength, cell structure, long-term trend and the variabilities on interannual, decadal and multi-decadal scales. Our results show that the multi-model averaged AMOC mean state of CMIP5 is insignificantly different from the CMIP6 results, meanwhile the corresponding multi-model averaged AMOC variability is reduced from CMIP5 to CMIP6 results. Moreover, the CMIP6 multi-model averaged AMOC becomes further distinct from the mean state of Rapid Climate Change (RAPID) observations. Overall, 7 out of the 18 CMIP6 models have suggested AMOC strengthening, meanwhile 6 models have indicated declining trends in the AMOC, with the rest 5 models in the variabilities with insignificant trends. Overall, the CMIP6 results have suggested pronounced modelling discrepancies in revealing AMOC trends, distinct from the more commonly weakening trend of the AMOCs in the CMIP5 simulations. Moreover, the multi-model averaged AMOC variabilities are comparable between CMIP5 and CMIP6 simulations, on inter-annual, decadal and multi-decadal time scales, with the discrepancies remaining among models.
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| 2. |
- Harash, Fayez, et al.
(författare)
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3-D density structure of the upper-mantle in the eastern Mediterranean Sea and surrounding region using gravity inversion constrained by seismic velocity model
- 2023
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Ingår i: Tectonophysics. - : Elsevier. - 0040-1951 .- 1879-3266. ; 860
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A 3D density structure of the lithosphere and upper mantle beneath the eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS) and its adjacent region was constructed based on gravity anomaly inversion constrained by a seismic tomography model. Gravity effects of terrain and crust were removed from the observed gravity field (EIGEN-6C4) to obtain the residual mantle gravity anomaly (RMGA). The density distribution of the lithosphere and upper mantle was investigated. The 3D inversion process was constrained by an initial density model projected from the shear-wave velocity model (SL2013sv). The results show some characteristics of the density distribution in the lithosphere and in the upper mantle that could be related to the tectonic importance of the Mediterranean Sea and the surrounding region. A low-density zone dominates the lithosphere beneath the Sea except for the area around the Arabia Shield and North Anatolian Fault belt. A thinner, high-density layer beneath the southwest of the Sea may be related to the older oceanic lithospheric fragments. The high-density anomalies appear at depths below 280 km beneath the Sea and the Turkish Aegean Sea Plate. However, the low-density anomalies appear on the upper mantle under the trenches of the southwestern part of the Mediterranean Sea, the eastern part of the Aegean Sea, the Red Sea, the Black Sea, and the middle of the Arabia shield. The deep structure under the Eratosthenes seamount in the Mediterranean Sea is the source of the intensity and genesis of tectonic activity. Furthermore, the convergence region of two low-density anomaly zones (Africa-Anatolia) may be interpreted as a significant tectonic unit (Eratosthenes seamount) caused by the arrival of the relatively thick and buoyant Eratosthenes block to its present location south of Cyprus in Holocene time based on the density model interpretation beneath the Mediterranean Sea during the Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary period.
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| 3. |
- Kazemi, Mohsen, et al.
(författare)
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Development of antimicrobial gelatin-ulvan-beeswax composite films: Optimization of formulation using mixture design methodology
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-8130 .- 1879-0003. ; 231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new generation of antimicrobial film was developed by incorporation of ulvan extracted from Ulva intestinalis into gelatin from common carp scale and its water sensitivity was reduced with addition of beeswax. Optimum composition of gelatin (0–100%w/w), ulvan (0–100%w/w) and beeswax (0–10%w/w) for achieving composite films with minimum water solubility (S) and water vapor permeability (WVP) and maximum tensile strength (TS), elongation at break point (EAB) and antibacterial effect on E. coli (EC) were investigated using mixture design methodology. Both pure gelatin and ulvan films and their composites had relatively good mechanical and optical properties. Addition of ulvan to gelatin produced composite films with good antibacterial properties but water resistance of all the films was weak. Addition of beeswax up to ∼5 % improved the water resistance and mechanical properties of the films without jeopardizing their antibacterial properties. The final optimum formulation with a desirability of 0.709 was achieved as 52.18 % of gelatin, 40.83 % of ulvan and 6.97 % of beeswax resulting in a minimum possible S (40 %) and WVP (1.86 10−10 g/ms Pa) and maximum possible TS (6.23 MPa) and EAB (89 %) with good EC (7.66 mm). Finally, good mechanical, thermal and microstructural properties of the optimum composite film was confirmed. Altogether, a combination of ulvan and beeswax can be a promising solution for development of gelatin films with both antimicrobial properties and lower water sensitivity.
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