| 1. |
- Albofetileh, Mehdi, et al.
(författare)
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Seaweed Proteins as a Source of Bioactive Peptides
- 2021
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Ingår i: Current Pharmaceutical Design. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1873-4286 .- 1381-6128. ; 27:11, s. 1342 -1352
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seaweeds have gained great attention as a vegetarian and sustainable marine source of protein which do not need irrigation, arable land and fertilization. Besides, seaweeds are considered as an untapped resource for discovering bioactive compounds with health benefits where bioactive peptides have shown outstanding potential. This review provides a detailed overview of available scientific knowledge on production methods, bioactivity and application of peptides from seaweed proteins. The emphasize is on the effects form seaweed varieties and peptide production condition on the bioactivity of the peptides and their potential health benefits. Bioactive properties of seaweed peptides including antioxidant, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer activities and other potential health benefits have been discussed. It also covers current challenges and required future research and innovations for the successful application of seaweeds proteins as a sustainable source of bioactive peptides. Effects from seasonal variation of seaweed composition on the bioactivity of their peptides, difficulties in the extraction of proteins from seaweed complex structure, scalability and reproducibility of the developed methods for the production of bioactive peptides, the safety of the peptides are examples of highlighted challenges. Further studies on the bioavailability of the seaweed bioactive peptides and validation of the results in animal models and human trials are needed before their application as functional foods or pharmaceutical ingredients.
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| 2. |
- Nasr, Patrik, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Modifiers of Liver-Related Manifestation in the Course of NAFLD
- 2020
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Ingår i: Current pharmaceutical design. - : BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD. - 1381-6128 .- 1873-4286. ; 26:10, s. 1062-1078
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease affecting approximately 25% of the global population. There is a strong association between the severity, of NAFLD and the components of the metabolic syndrome. NAFLD is also independently associated with cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The progressive potential of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is indisputable today, and the histological spectrum of NAFLD ranges from isolated steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), with risk of developing :fibrosis and subsequent cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. There is a substantial inter-patient variation in disease progression, therefore, this review will focus on potential modifiers of fibrosis progression, development of liver cirrhosis, decompensation and liver-related mortality. The potential drivers of disease progression that is discussed are; T2DM and Insulin Resistance, body weight, alcohol consumption, genetics (including HFE and alfa-1-antitrypsin) as well as histological features predictive of disease progression.
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| 3. |
- Nejabati, H. R., et al.
(författare)
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N1-Methylnicotinamide : Is it Time to Consider it as a Dietary Supplement for Athletes?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Current pharmaceutical design. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1381-6128 .- 1873-4286. ; 28:10, s. 800-805
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exercise is considered to be a “medicine” due to its modulatory roles in metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and obesity. The intensity and duration of exercise determine the mechanism of energy production by various tissues of the body, especially by muscles, in which the requirement for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) increases by as much as 100-fold. Naturally, athletes try to improve their exercise performance by dietary supplementation with, e.g., vitamins, metabolites, and amino acids. MNAM, as a vitamin B3 metabolite, reduc-es serum levels and liver contents of triglycerides and cholesterol, and induces lipolysis. It stimulates gluconeo-genesis and prohibits liver cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis through the expression of sirtuin1 (SIRT1). It seems that MNAM is not responsible for the actions of NNMT in the adipose tissues as MNAM inhibits the activity of NNMT in the adipose tissue and acts as an inhibitor of its activity. NNMT-MNAM axis is more activated in the muscles of individuals undergoing the high-volume-low-intensity exercise and caloric restriction. Therefore, MNAM could be an important myokine during exercise and fasting where it provides the required energy for muscles through the induction of lipolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver and adipose tissues, respectively. Increased levels of MNAM in exercise and fasting led us to propose that the consumption of MNAM during training, especially endurance training, could boost exercise capacity and improve perfor-mance. Therefore, in this review, we shed light on the potential of MNAM as a dietary supplement in sports medicine.
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| 4. |
- Odoemelam, Chiemela S. S., et al.
(författare)
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Computational Investigation of Ligand Binding of Flavonoids in Cytochrome P450 Receptors
- 2022
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Ingår i: Current pharmaceutical design. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1381-6128 .- 1873-4286. ; 28:45, s. 3637-3648
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The cytochrome P450 enzymes play a significant role in regulating cellular and physiological processes by activating endogenous compounds. They also play an essential role in the detoxification process of xenobiotics. Flavonoids belong to a class of polyphenols found in food, such as vegetables, red wine, beer, and fruits, which modulate biological functions in the body. Methods: The inhibition of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 using nutritional sources has been reported as a strategy for cancer prevention. This study investigated the interactions of selected flavonoids binding to the cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP1A1 and CYP1B1) and their ADMET properties in silico. From docking studies, our findings showed flavonoids, isorhamnetin and pedalitin, to have the strongest binding energies in the crystal structures 6DWM and 6IQ5. Results: The amino acid residues Asp 313 and Phe 224 in 6DWM interacted with all the ligands investigated, and Ala 330 in 6IQ5 interacted with all the ligands examined. The ligands did not violate any drug-likeness parameters. Conclusion: These data suggest roles for isorhamnetin and pedalitin as potential precursors for natural product-derived therapies.
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| 5. |
- Sohel, Md, et al.
(författare)
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Chemotherapeutic Activities of Dietary Phytoestrogens against Prostate Cancer : From Observational to Clinical Studies
- 2022
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Ingår i: Current pharmaceutical design. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1381-6128 .- 1873-4286. ; 28:19, s. 1561-1580
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prostate cancer remains one of the most frequent and deadliest malignancies in males, where the rate of disease progression is closely associated with the type of dietary intake, specifically a Western-style diet. Indeed intake of the Asian diet, which contains abundant phytoestrogens, is inversely correlated with a higher risk of prostate cancer, suggesting a chemoprotective effect of phytoestrogen against cancer progression. Although the role of phytoestrogens in cancer treatment has been well documented, their impact on prostate cancer is not well understood. Therefore, the present review discusses the possible chemopreventive effect of phytoestrogens, emphasizing their efficacy at the different stages of carcinogenesis. Furthermore, phytoestrogens provide a cytoprotective effect in conventional chemotherapy and enhance chemosensitivity to tumor cells, which have also been discussed. This compilation provides a solid basis for future research on phytoestrogens as a promising avenue for anticancer drug development and also recommends these beneficiary compounds in the daily diet to manage and prevent prostate cancer.
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| 6. |
- Giwercman, Aleksander
(författare)
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Hormonal male contraception
- 2021
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Ingår i: Current Pharmaceutical Design. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1381-6128. ; 27:24, s. 2770-2774
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The demand for availability of efficient and safe contraceptive methods is strengthened by the predic-tions made by the United Nations regarding the future growth of the human population. So far, women are not only the main victims of the unsafe procedures related to terminating unwished pregnancies but do also carry the main responsibility for family planning. There is a significant desire among men for sharing this responsibility and a substantial proportion of females are willing to trust their male partners in regard to the use of contracep-tion. Therefore, there is a need for developing new reversible, safe, effective, acceptable, affordable and available methods of male contraception. Thus, hormonal manipulation resulting in the suppression of sperm production seems, so far, to be the most feasible approach to achieve the above-mentioned goal. Several strategies of such hormonal manipulation have been tested. Most of them are based on the administration of more or less supra-physiological doses of exogenous testosterone, alone or in combination with other means of endocrine suppression of gonadotropin secretion. Although, so far, the goal of hormonal male contraception fulfilling the above-mentioned criteria, has not yet been achieved; continuing development of new molecules, gives hope for the near future.
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| 7. |
- Staton, Tom, et al.
(författare)
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Niche complementarity drives increases in pollinator functional diversity in diversified agroforestry systems
- 2022
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Ingår i: Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2305 .- 0167-8809. ; 336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rising demand for food production poses a major threat to biodiversity by placing competing pressures on land. Diversified farming systems are one widely promoted nature-based solution to this challenge, which aim to integrate biodiversity-based ecosystem services into agricultural production. The underlying theory behind this approach is that diverse communities enhance ecosystem service provision, although the evidence to support this theory is often inconsistent for reasons that are not always clear. Here we investigate the contribution of pollinators to ecosystem function in a model example of a diversified farming system, silvoarable agroforestry comprising apple trees intercropped within arable fields. We assess pollinator species richness, species diversity, and functional trait diversity, between agroforestry fields and paired monoculture arable controls, and within agroforestry fields at set distances from tree rows, to quantify their potential contributions to pollination service. Species richness and diversity, and functional richness and dispersion, of wild bees were found to be significantly higher in agroforestry systems, despite weak effects on mean trait values. No significant effects were found for hoverflies. Supplemental bee species found in agroforestry systems were shown to increase functional diversity primarily by enhancing niche complementarity, effectively filling in gaps in niche space for traits, which could be partly attributed to a higher abundance and diversity of floral resources in the associated understorey. Nationally rarer bee species also contributed substantially to functional richness but not consistently to functional dispersion, suggesting that while they provide a unique functional role, their contributions to ecosystem services remain limited by low local abundances. These mechanistic insights reveal how the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning can be influenced by farm management practices through their effect on the spatial and temporal availability of habitat resources.
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