| 1. |
- Aleklett Kadish, Kristin
(författare)
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Fungal behaviour: a new frontier in behavioural ecology
- 2021
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Ingår i: Trends in ecology & evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 36, s. 787-796
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- As human beings, behaviours make up our everyday lives. What we do from the moment we wake up to the moment we go back to sleep at night can all be classified and studied through the concepts of behavioural ecology. The same applies to all vertebrates and, to some extent, invertebrates. Fungi are, in most people's eyes perhaps, the eukaryotic multicellular organisms with which we humans share the least commonalities. However, they still express behaviours, and we argue that we could obtain a better understanding of their lives - although they are very different from ours - through the lens of behavioural ecology. Moreover, insights from fungal behaviour may drive a better understanding of behavioural ecology in general.
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| 2. |
- Arnqvist, Göran, Professor, 1961-
(författare)
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Mixed Models Offer No Freedom from Degress Of Freedom
- 2020
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Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 35:4, s. 329-335
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Statistics matter greatly in biology, whether we like it or not. As a discipline with an empirical inclination, we are faced with data every day and we rely on inferential statistical models to make sense of it and to provide us with novel insights. Much of the time, the growing level of complexity and sophistication of the models we put to use in ecology and evolution have led to more appropriate analyses of our data. However, this is not always the case. Here, I draw attention to a classic flaw in inferential statistics that has resurfaced in a new flavor as a result of increased reliance on complex linear mixed models -the multifaceted and disturbingly persistent problem of pseudoreplication.
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| 3. |
- Brand, Jack
(författare)
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Mitochondrial genetic variation as a potential mediator of intraspecific behavioural diversity
- 2024
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Ingår i: Trends in ecology & evolution. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 39, s. 199-212
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mitochondrial genes play an essential role in energy metabolism. Variation in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence often exists within species, and this variation can have consequences for energy production and organismal life history. Yet, despite potential links between energy metabolism and the expression of animal behaviour, mtDNA variation has been largely neglected to date in studies investigating intraspecific behavioural diversity. We outline how mtDNA variation and interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear genotypes may contribute to the expression of individual-to-individual behavioural differences within populations, and why such effects may lead to sex differences in behaviour. We contend that integration of the mitochondrial genome into behavioural ecology research may be key to fully understanding the evolutionary genetics of animal behaviour.
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| 4. |
- Brand, Jack
(författare)
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Sexual selection and speciation in the Anthropocene
- 2024
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Ingår i: Trends in ecology & evolution. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 39, s. 654-665
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anthropogenic change threatens global biodiversity by causing severe ecological disturbance and extinction. Here, we consider the effects of anthropogenic change on one process that generates biodiversity. Sexual selection (a potent evolutionary force and driver of speciation) is highly sensitive to the environment and, thus, vulnerable to anthropogenic ecological change. Anthropogenic alterations to sexual display and mate preference can make it harder to distinguish between conspecific and heterospecific mates or can weaken divergence via sexual selection, leading to higher rates of hybridization and biodiversity loss. Occasionally, anthropogenically altered sexual selection can abet diversification, but this appears less likely than biodiversity loss. In our rapidly changing world, a full understanding of sexual selection and speciation requires a global change perspective.
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| 5. |
- Burki, Fabien, et al.
(författare)
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The New Tree of Eukaryotes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 35:1, s. 43-55
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- For 15 years, the eukaryote Tree of Life (eToL) has been divided into five to eight major groupings, known as 'supergroups'. However, the tree has been profoundly rearranged during this time. The new eToL results from the widespread application of phylogenomics and numerous discoveries of major lineages of eukaryotes, mostly free-living heterotrophic protists. The evidence that supports the tree has transitioned from a synthesis of molecular phylogenetics and biological characters to purely molecular phylogenetics. Most current supergroups lack defining morphological or cell-biological characteristics, making the supergroup label even more arbitrary than before. Going forward, the combination of traditional culturing with maturing culture-free approaches and phylogenomics should accelerate the process of completing and resolving the eToL at its deepest levels.
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| 6. |
- Chaguaceda, Fernando
(författare)
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The role of vital dietary biomolecules in eco-evo-devo dynamics
- 2023
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Ingår i: Trends in ecology & evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 38, s. 72-84
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The physiological dependence of animals on dietary intake of vitamins, amino acids, and fatty acids is ubiquitous. Sharp differences in the availability of these vital dietary biomolecules among different resources mean that consumers must adopt a range of strategies to meet their physiological needs. We review the emerging work on omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, focusing predominantly on predator-prey interactions, to illustrate that trade-off between capacities to consume resources rich in vital biomolecules and internal synthesis capacity drives differences in phenotype and fitness of consumers. This can then feedback to impact ecosystem functioning. We outline how focus on vital dietary biomolecules in eco-eco-devo dynamics can improve our understanding of anthropogenic changes across multiple levels of biological organization.
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| 7. |
- Cunillera-Montcusí, David, et al.
(författare)
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Freshwater salinisation : a research agenda for a saltier world
- 2022
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Ingår i: Trends in Ecology and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 37:5, s. 440-453
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The widespread salinisation of freshwater ecosystems poses a major threat to the biodiversity, functioning, and services that they provide. Human activities promote freshwater salinisation through multiple drivers (e.g., agriculture, resource extraction, urbanisation) that are amplified by climate change. Due to its complexity, we are still far from fully understanding the ecological and evolutionary consequences of freshwater salinisation. Here, we assess current research gaps and present a research agenda to guide future studies. We identified different gaps in taxonomic groups, levels of biological organisation, and geographic regions. We suggest focusing on global- and landscape-scale processes, functional approaches, genetic and molecular levels, and eco-evolutionary dynamics as key future avenues to predict the consequences of freshwater salinisation for ecosystems and human societies.
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| 8. |
- Eddy, Tyler D., et al.
(författare)
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Energy Flow Through Marine Ecosystems : Confronting Transfer Efficiency
- 2021
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Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 36:1, s. 76-86
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transfer efficiency is the proportion of energy passed between nodes in food webs. It is an emergent, unitless property that is difficult to measure, and responds dynamically to environmental and ecosystem changes. Because the consequences of changes in transfer efficiency compound through ecosystems, slight variations can have large effects on food availability for top predators. Here, we review the processes controlling transfer efficiency, approaches to estimate it, and known variations across ocean biomes. Both process-level analysis and observed macro-scale variations suggest that ecosystem-scale transfer efficiency is highly variable, impacted by fishing, and will decline with climate change. It is important that we more fully resolve the processes controlling transfer efficiency in models to effectively anticipate changes in marine ecosystems and fisheries resources.
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| 9. |
- Egan, Paul
(författare)
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Evolutionarily inspired solutions to the crop pollination crisis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Trends in ecology & evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 38, s. 435-445
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The global decline in insect diversity threatens pollination services, potentially impacting crop production and food security. Here, we argue that this looming pol-lination crisis is generally approached from an ecological standpoint, and that con-sideration of evolutionary principles offers a novel perspective. First, we outline that wild plant species have overcome 'pollination crises' throughout evolutionary history, and show how associated principles can be applied to crop pollination. We then highlight technological advances that can be used to adapt crop flowers for optimal pollination by local wild pollinators, especially by increasing generalization in pollination systems. Thus, synergies among fundamental evolutionary research, genetic engineering, and agro-ecological science provide a promising template for addressing a potential pollination crisis, complementing much-needed strategies focused on pollinator conservation.
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| 10. |
- Felipe-Lucia, María R., et al.
(författare)
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Conceptualizing ecosystem services using social–ecological networks
- 2022
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Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 37:3, s. 211-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social–ecological networks (SENs) represent the complex relationships between ecological and social systems and are a useful tool for analyzing and managing ecosystem services. However, mainstreaming the application of SENs in ecosystem service research has been hindered by a lack of clarity about how to match research questions to ecosystem service conceptualizations in SEN (i.e., as nodes, links, attributes, or emergent properties). Building from different disciplines, we propose a typology to represent ecosystem service in SENs and identify opportunities and challenges of using SENs in ecosystem service research. Our typology provides guidance for this growing field to improve research design and increase the breadth of questions that can be addressed with SEN to understand human–nature interdependencies in a changing world.
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| 11. |
- Formenti, Giulio, et al.
(författare)
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The era of reference genomes in conservation genomics
- 2022
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Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Elsevier. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 37:3, s. 197-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Progress in genome sequencing now enables the large-scale generation of reference genomes. Various international initiatives aim to generate reference genomes representing global biodiversity. These genomes provide unique insights into genomic diversity and architecture, thereby enabling comprehensive analyses of population and functional genomics, and are expected to revolutionize conservation genomics.
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| 12. |
- Gillson, Lindsey, et al.
(författare)
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Trees, carbon, and the psychology of landscapes
- 2024
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Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Cell Press. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 39:4, s. 359-367
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mitigating climate change while safeguarding biodiversity and livelihoods is a major challenge. However, rampant afforestation threatens biodiversity and livelihoods, with questionable benefits to carbon storage. The narrative of landscape degradation is often applied without considering the history of the landscape. While some landscapes are undoubtedly deforested, others existed in open or mosaic states before human intervention, or have been deliberately maintained as such. In psychology, a 'fundamental attribution error' is made when characteristics are attributed without consideration of context or circumstances. We apply this concept to landscapes, and then propose a process that avoids attribution errors by testing a null hypothesis regarding past forest extent, using palaeoecology and other long-term data, alongside ecological and stakeholder knowledge.
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| 13. |
- Gudmunds, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Functional genomic tools for emerging model species
- 2022
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Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 37:12, s. 1104-1115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most studies in the field of ecology and evolution aiming to connect genotype to phenotype rarely validate identified loci using functional tools. Recent developments in RNA interference (RNAi) and clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas genome editing have dramatically increased the feasibility of functional validation. However, these methods come with specific challenges when applied to emerging model organisms, including limited spatial control of gene silencing, low knock-in efficiencies, and low throughput of functional validation. Moreover, many functional studies to date do not recapitulate ecologically relevant variation, and this limits their scope for deeper insights into evolutionary processes. We therefore argue that increased use of gene editing by allelic replacement through homology-directed repair (HDR) would greatly benefit the field of ecology and evolution.
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| 14. |
- Gunnarsson, Bengt, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Biophilia revisited: nature versus nurture
- 2023
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Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 38:9, s. 792-4
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The “Biophilia” hypothesis highlighting humans´ innate, positive response to nature is both increasingly accepted and questioned. Studies support an updated Biophilia. The interplay between inheritance and environment, including culture, governs an individual´s response, from positive to negative. Variety in urban green spaces is needed to optimise benefits to all residents.
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| 15. |
- Hallett, Lauren M., et al.
(författare)
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Restoration ecology through the lens of
- 2023
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Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : CELL PRESS. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 38:11, s. 1085-1096
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Advances in restoration ecology are needed to guide ecological restoration in a variable and changing world. Coexistence theory provides a framework for how variability in environmental conditions and species interactions affects species success. Here, we conceptually link coexistence theory and restoration ecology. First, including low-density growth rates (LDGRs), a classic metric of coexistence, can improve abundance-based restoration goals, because abundances are sensitive to initial treatments and ongoing variability. Second, growth-rate partitioning, developed to identify coexistence mechanisms, can improve restoration practice by informing site selection and indicating necessary interventions (e.g., site amelioration or competitor removal). Finally, coexistence methods can improve restoration assessment, because initial growth rates indicate trajectories, average growth rates measure success, and growth partitioning highlights interventions needed in future.
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| 16. |
- Jensen, Evelyn L., et al.
(författare)
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Ancient and historical DNA in conservation policy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Elsevier. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 37:5, s. 420-429
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although genetic diversity has been recognized as a key component of biodiversity since the first Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 1993, it has rarely been included in conservation policies and regulations. Even less appreciated is the role that ancient and historical DNA (aDNA and hDNA, respectively) could play in unlocking the temporal dimension of genetic diversity, allowing key conservation issues to be resolved, including setting baselines for intraspecies genetic diversity, estimating changes in effective population size (N-e), and identifying the genealogical continuity of populations. Here, we discuss how genetic information from ancient and historical specimens can play a central role in preserving biodiversity and highlight specific conservation policies that could incorporate such data to help countries meet their CBD obligations.
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| 17. |
- Jetz, Walter, et al.
(författare)
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Biological Earth observation with animal sensors
- 2022
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Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Elsevier. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 37:4, s. 293-298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Space-based tracking technology using low-cost miniature tags is now delivering data on fine-scale animal movement at near-global scale. Linked with remotely sensed environmental data, this offers a biological lens on habitat integrity and connectivity for conservation and human health; a global network of animal sentinels of environmental change.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Kardol, Paul
(författare)
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Plant-Soil Feedbacks and Temporal Dynamics of Plant Diversity-Productivity Relationships
- 2021
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Ingår i: Trends in ecology & evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 36, s. 651-661
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant-soil feedback (PSF) and diversity-productivity relationships are important research fields to study drivers and consequences of changes in plant biodiversity. While studies suggest that positive plant diversity-productivity relationships can be explained by variation in PSF in diverse plant communities, key questions on their temporal relationships remain. Here, we discuss three processes that change PSF over time in diverse plant communities, and their effects on temporal dynamics of diversity-productivity relationships: spatial redistribution and changes in dominance of plant species; phenotypic shifts in plant traits; and dilution of soil pathogens and increase in soil mutualists. Disentangling these processes in plant diversity experiments will yield new insights into how plant diversity- productivity relationships change over time.
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| 20. |
- Kardol, Paul
(författare)
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The origin of bi-dimensionality in plant root traits
- 2024
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Ingår i: Trends in ecology & evolution. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 39, s. 78-88
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant roots show extraordinary diversity in form and function in heterogeneous environments. Mounting evidence has shown global bi-dimensionality in root traits, the root economics spectrum (RES), and an orthogonal dimension describing mycorrhizal collaboration; however, the origin of the bi-dimensionality remains unresolved. Here, we propose that bi-dimensionality arises from the cylindrical geometry of roots, allometry between root cortex and stele, and independence between root cell wall thickness and cell number. Root geometry and mycorrhizal collaboration may both underlie the bi-dimensionality. Further, we emphasize why plant roots should be cylindrical rather than flat. Finally, we highlight the need to integrate organ-, cellular-, and molecular-level processes driving the bi-dimensionality in plant roots to fully understand plant diversity and functions.
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| 21. |
- Kothawala, Dolly, et al.
(författare)
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Organic Matter Degradation across Ecosystem Boundaries : The Need for a Unified Conceptualization
- 2021
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Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Cell Press. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 36:2, s. 113-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The global carbon cycle connects organic matter (OM) pools in soil, freshwater, and marine ecosystems with the atmosphere, thereby regulating their size and reactivity. Due to the complexity of biogeochemical processes and historically compartmentalized subdisciplines, ecosystem-specific conceptualizations of OM degradation have emerged independently of developments in other ecosystems. Recent discussions regarding the relative importance of molecular composition and ecosystem properties on OM degradation have diverged in opposing directions across subdisciplines, leaving our understanding inconsistent. Ecosystem-dependent theories are problematic since properties unique to an ecosystem may change in response to anthropogenic stressors, including climate change. The next breakthrough in our understanding of OM degradation requires a shift in focus towards developing a unified theory of controls on OM across ecosystems.
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| 22. |
- Mangan, Rosie, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing ecological heterogeneity can constrain biopesticide resistance evolution.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Trends in ecology & evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-8383 .- 0169-5347. ; 38:7, s. 605-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microbial biopesticides containing living parasites are valuable emerging crop protection technologies against insect pests, but they are vulnerable to resistance evolution. Fortunately, the fitness of alleles that provide resistance, including to parasites used in biopesticides, frequently depends on parasite identity and environmental conditions. This context-specificity suggests a sustainable approach to biopesticide resistance management through landscape diversification. To mitigate resistance risks, we advocate increasing the range of biopesticides available to farmers, whilst simultaneously encouraging other aspects of landscape-wide crop heterogeneity that can generate variable selection on resistance alleles. This approach requires agricultural stakeholders to prioritize diversity as well as efficiency, both within agricultural landscapes and the biocontrol marketplace.
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| 23. |
- Michelangeli, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting the impacts of chemical pollutants on animal groups
- 2022
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Ingår i: Trends in ecology & evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 37, s. 789-802
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wildlife are exposed to an increasing number and diversity of chemical pollutants.Chemical pollutants can elicit a range of sublethal effects on individual organisms, but research on how these contaminants affect social interactions and animal groups is severely lacking.It is imperative that perspectives from behavioural ecology and ecotoxicology are integrated, to increase our understanding of how contaminant effects on individuals might cascade to group-level processes.We present a conceptual framework for researchers and practitioners to guide the study of how chemical pollutants might affect the emergence, organisation, and function of animal social groups.Chemical pollution is among the fastest-growing agents of global change. Synthetic chemicals with diverse modes-of-action are being detected in the tissues of wildlife and pervade entire food webs. Although such pollutants can elicit a range of sublethal effects on individual organisms, research on how chemical pollutants affect animal groups is severely lacking. Here we synthesise research from two related, but largely segregated fields – ecotoxicology and behavioural ecology – to examine pathways by which chemical contaminants could disrupt processes that govern the emergence, self-organisation, and collective function of animal groups. Our review provides a roadmap for prioritising the study of chemical pollutants within the context of sociality and highlights important methodological advancements for future research.
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| 24. |
- Månsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding and overcoming obstacles in adaptive management
- 2024
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Ingår i: Trends in Ecology and Evolution. - : Elsevier Ltd.. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 38:1, s. 55-71
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adaptive management (AM) is widely promoted to improve management of natural resources, yet its implementation is challenging. We show that obstacles to the implementation of AM are related not only to the AM process per se but also to external factors such as ecosystem properties and governance systems. To overcome obstacles, there is a need to build capacities within the AM process by ensuring adequate resources, management tools, collaboration, and learning. Additionally, building capacities in the legal and institutional frames can enable the necessary flexibility in the governance system. Furthermore, in systems experiencing profound changes in wildlife populations, building such capacities may be even more critical as more flexibility will be needed to cope with increased uncertainty and changed environmental conditions.
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| 25. |
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