| 1. |
- Ahmad, Y., et al.
(författare)
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NMR and NEXAFS Study of Various Graphite Fluorides
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 117:26, s. 13564-13572
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Graphite fluorides with different structural types (CyF)(n) (y = 2.5, 2, and 1) and room temperature graphite fluorides were studied by solid state,NMR and NEXAFS. Data extracted from those two techniques are complementary, providing information about the C-F bonding and the hybridization character of the carbon atom valence states. The comparison of data obtained by different methods such as NMR, Raman, and X-ray absorption leads to similar conclusions regarding the chemical bonding in fluorographites. Several major configurations of fluorinated graphites are discussed, that is, planar sheets with mainly sp(2) hybridization in room temperature graphite fluorides and corrugated sheets with sp(3) hybridization in covalent high temperature graphite fluoride. Different references such as highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), graphitized carbon nanodiscs (graph-CNDs) and nanodiamonds (NDs) have also been investigated for comparison.
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| 2. |
- Akola, J., et al.
(författare)
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Thiolate-Protected Au-25 Superatoms as Building Blocks: Dimers and Crystals
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 114:38, s. 15986-15994
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A particularly stable thiolate-protected gold nanocluster, Au-25(SR)(18), was structurally characterized from X-ray crystallography in 2008, and concomitantly its electronic and optical properties were analyzed via density functional theory. The robust geometry and a well-understood electronic structure of this cluster motivate explorations of properties of extended systems made out of Au-25(SR)(18) building blocks. As a first step in this direction, we analyze here structural, vibrational, electronic, and optical properties of the Au-25 cluster anion as it was observed in the crystalline environment and predict properties of cluster dimers, where the Au-25 units are linked together. via an aromatic dithiolate linker. We show that properties of each Au-25 unit of the dimer can be quite independently modified from the other by doping with a nonmagnetic (Pd) or magnetic (Mn) metal atom. We anticipate that material systems with interesting properties could be made from these building blocks, provided that a suitable chemistry for their controlled linking can be found.
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| 3. |
- Alcantara, K. Suarez, et al.
(författare)
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3CaH(2)+4MgB(2) + CaF2 Reactive Hydride Composite as a Potential Hydrogen Storage Material: Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation Pathway
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 116:12, s. 7207-7212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A reactive hydride composite (RHC) with initial composition 3CaH(2) + 4MgB(2) + CaF2 was studied by in situ synchrotron radiation powder X-ray diffraction (SR-PXD) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) at the B K-edge and at the Ca K-edge. The hydrogenation reaction proceeds by an unknown intermediate. No evidence of intermediates was observed during the dehydrogenation reaction. B and Ca K-edge XANES results hint to a closed interaction of CaF2 and Ca(BH4)(2). The main function of CaF2 in the 3CaH(2) + 4MgB(2) + CaF2 RHC is as a dopant for the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions.
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| 4. |
- Amft, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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A Molecular Mechanism for the Water-Hydroxyl Balance during Wetting of TiO2
- 2013
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 117:33, s. 17078-17083
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We show that the formation of the wetting layer and the experimentally observed continuous shift of the H2O-OH balance toward molecular water at increasing coverage on a TiO2(110) surface can be rationalized on a molecular level. The mechanism is based on the initial formation of stable hydroxyl pairs, a repulsive interaction between these pairs, and an attractive interaction with respect to water molecules. The experimental data are obtained by synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy and interpreted with the aid of density functional theory calculations and Monte Carlo simulations.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Klas J., et al.
(författare)
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Preparation, Structure, and Orientation of Pyrite FeS2{100} Surfaces : Anisotropy, Sulfur Monomers, Dimer Vacancies, and a Possible FeS Surface Phase
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 118:38, s. 21896-21903
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sulfur dimer (S-2(2-)) terminated pyrite FeS2{100} surfaces with a low energy electron diffraction (LEED) pattern of 2 x 1 symmetry are reported. The 2 X 1 symmetry correlates with the orientation of the anisotropic surface structure and external symmetry of macroscopic striations on the pyrite cube face. The basic condition to form these surfaces is a mild 200 V Ne+ sputter-cleaning procedure followed by a 570 K anneal of the sample in a 10(-7) Ton S-2(g) atmosphere. Controlled amounts of surface sulfur monomers (S2-) can be introduced by mild sputtering of the sulfur dimer terminated surfaces. At low monomer concentrations the surface displays the same characteristic 1 x 1 LEED pattern as that for fracture-generated surfaces. With increasing sulfur depletion, a (1/ root 2 x 1/ root 2)R45 degrees LEED pattern emerges, and soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results show a sulfur dinner deficient near-surface region and a new high binding energy sulfur spectral component suggesting the presence of local coordination environments where sulfur monomers are coordinated by four Fe ions compared to three as in the pyrite structure. The plausible formation of a defective FeS-like surface phase where monomeric sulfurs are coordinated by four Fe ions, and bond counting energetics favoring surface sulfur monomer recombination around Fe vacancy sites on pyrite FeS2{100}, both imply surface sulfur dimer vacancy sites with unique adsorption and reactivity properties. Taken together, our results suggest a very rich and dynamic defect structural landscape at pyrite FeS2{100} surfaces with direct implications for its surface chemical activity.
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| 6. |
- Angenendt, Knut, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Ionic liquid structures from large DFT calculations using mindless configurations
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 114:48, s. 20577-20582
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three different popular imidazolium based ionic liquids (ILs); EMI-BF4, EMI-PF6, and EMI-TFSI, have been modeled by DFT calculations (B3LYP/6-311+G*) using large, up to 130 atom cluster models, for a better understanding of the structure and ion ion interactions in these ILs and ILs in general. Particular emphasis has been put on the role of appropriate starting structures and how the present large models differ from the ion-pair models of ILs generally used. The system size normalized ion ion interaction energies are shown to converge rapidly, and conformational equilibria and higher order properties like IR spectra are shown to be valuable as quality criteria. The explicit inclusion of an IL environment by the large cluster approach is also compared to using an implicit, continuum, strategy via SCRF C-PCM calculations.
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| 7. |
- Antosiewicz, Tomasz, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Absorption Enhancement in Lossy Transition Metal Elements of Plasmonic Nanosandwiches
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 116:38, s. 20522-20529
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Combination of catalytically active transition metals and surface plasmons offers a promising way to drive chemical reactions by converting incident visible light into energetic electron-hole pairs acting as a mediator. In such a reaction enhancement scheme, the conversion efficiency is dependent on light absorption in the metal. Hence, increasing absorption in the plasmonic structure is expected to increase generation of electron-hole pairs and, consequently, the reaction rate. Furthermore, the abundance of energetic electrons might facilitate new reaction pathways. In this work we discuss optical properties of homo- and heterometallic plasmonic nanosandwiches consisting of two parallel disks made of gold and palladium. We show how near-field coupling between the sandwich elements can be used to enhance absorption in one of them. The limits of this enhancement are investigated using finite-difference time-domain simulations. Physical insight is gained through a simple coupled dipole analysis of the nanostructure. For small palladium disks (compared to the gold disk), total absorption enhancement integrated over the near visible solar AM 1.5 spectrum is 8-fold, while for large palladium disks, similar in size to the gold one, it exceeds three.
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| 8. |
- Balog, Sandor, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic Depolarized Light Scattering of Small Round Plasmonic Nanoparticles: When Imperfection is Only Perfect
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 118:31, s. 17968-17974
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although small round gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) possess only a small degree of shape anisotropy, they support localized surface plasmon resonances and exhibit intrinsic optical anisotropy. These inherent features promote depolarized light scattering, whose temporal fluctuations carry information about rotational Brownian dynamics, and thus can be used to describe the size distribution of round Au NPs. We demonstrate that this allows for a much more accurate determination of particle size and polydispersity through depolarized dynamic light scattering when compared to standard particle sizing with light scattering.
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| 9. |
- Baran, Jakub D., et al.
(författare)
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Theoretical insights into adsorption of cobalt phthalocyanine on Ag(111) : A combination of chemical and van der Waals bonding
- 2013
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 117:45, s. 23887-23898
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we study in detail the interaction of cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) with the Ag(111) surface by means of density functional theory calculations (DFT). We discuss the electronic and geometric differences of the adsorbed CoPc as it interacts with the different binding sites of the surface, yielding deeper insight into the adsorption mechanism of organometallic molecules with noble metal surfaces. We interpret the experimentally observed 4-fold to 2-fold symmetry reduction upon interaction of phthalocyanine molecules with metal surfaces as caused by electronic effects originating from nonsymmetric interactions between the molecule and the surface. To asses the role of dispersion forces in bonding of CoPc to the surface we employ a semiempirical dispersion correction to standard DFT and compare the obtained molecule-surface separation with experimental measurements. We show that, in the case of CoPc, the molecule bonds to the surface mostly due to covalent bonding between Co and Ag, but with a considerable contribution from van der Waals bonding between the Pc ligand and the surface. We show in this case where the molecule-surface separation is mostly governed by covalent bonding between the central metal atom and the surface atoms that standard DFT performs reasonably well, as compared to the available experimental data.
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| 10. |
- Baran, Jakub, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Structure and Energetics of Shuttlecock-Shaped Tin-Phthalocyanine on Ag(111): A Density Functional Study Employing Dispersion Correction
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 116:17, s. 9487-9497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reversible switch between two electronically and/or geometrically distinct states of a single molecule adsorbed on a well-characterized substrate is of high technological interest due to its possible use as single molecule devices and novel molecular memories. We have studied shuttlecock-shaped metal phthalocyanines, which can adsorb on surfaces in two distinct adsorption configurations, depending on if the central metal atom points toward or away from the surface, and we report on the adsorption of tin-phthalocyanine (SnPc) on an Ag(111) surface using density functional theory (DFT) including a semiempirical dispersion correction (DFT-D).We discuss the binding mechanism in detail and show that the adsorption of SnPc in these two orientations is driven by very different interactions. While "Sn-down" adsorption involves chemical bonding between Sn and the surface (chemisorption), the "Sn-up" configuration is bound only by weak van der Waals forces (physisorption). By comparing our theoretical results with a broad range of experimental data, we assess the effect of dispersion forces for the SnPc/Ag(111) system and how these impact adsorption energies, geometries, and the electronic structure. We show that an inclusion of dispersion forces improves the adsorption geometry with respect to experiment and is essential in order to capture the subtle electronic effects at molecule metal interfaces. By analyzing the geometric and electronic structure of the adsorbed molecules we, in addition, shed light on the surprising 2-fold symmetry reduction of metal phthalocyanine molecules that has been observed upon adsorption on surfaces.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Barzegar, Hamid Reza, et al.
(författare)
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Nitrogen Doping Mechanism in Small Diameter Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes : Impact on Electronic Properties and Growth Selectivity
- 2013
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 117:48, s. 25805-25816
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nitrogen doping in carbon nanostructures has attracted interest for more than a decade, and recent implementation of such structures in energy conversion systems has boosted the interest even more. Despite numerous studies, the structural conformation and stability of nitrogen functionalities in small diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), and the impact of these functionalities on the electronic and mechanical properties of the SWNTs, are incomplete. Here we report a detailed study on nitrogen doping in SWNTs with diameters in the range of 0.8?1.0 nm, with well-defined chirality. We show that the introduction of nitrogen in the carbon framework significantly alters the stability of certain tubes, opening for the possibility to selectively grow nitrogen-doped SWNTs with certain chirality and diameter. At low nitrogen concentration, pyridinic functionalities are readily incorporated and the tubular structure is well pertained. At higher concentrations, pyrrolic functionalities are formed, which leads to significant structural deformation of the nanotubes and hence a stop in growth of crystalline SWNTs. Raman spectroscopy is an important tool to understand guest atom doping and electronic charge transfer in SWNTs. By correlating the influence of defined nitrogen functionalities on the electronic properties of SWNTs with different chirality, we make precise interpretation of experimental Raman data. We show that the previous interpretation of the double-resonance G?-peak in many aspects is wrong and instead can be well-correlated to the type of nitrogen doping of SWNTs originating from the p- or n-doping nature of the nitrogen incorporation. Our results are supported by experimental and theoretical data.
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| 13. |
- Barzegar, Hamid R., et al.
(författare)
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Simple Dip-Coating Process for the Synthesis of Small Diameter Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes-Effect of Catalyst Composition and Catalyst Particle Size on Chirality and Diameter
- 2012
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 116:22, s. 12232-12239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on a dip-coating method to prepare catalyst particles (mixture of iron and cobalt) with a controlled diameter distribution on silicon wafer substrates by changing the solution's concentration and withdrawal velocity. The size and distribution of the prepared catalyst particles were analyzed by atomic force microscopy. Carbon nanotubes were grown by chemical vapor deposition on the substrates with the prepared catalyst particles. By decreasing the catalyst particle size to below 10 nm, the growth of carbon nanotubes can be tuned from few-walled carbon nanotubes, with homogeneous diameter, to highly pure single-walled carbon nanotubes. Analysis of the Raman radial breathing modes, using three different Raman excitation wavelengths (488, 633, and 785 nm), showed a relatively broad diameter distribution (0.8-1.4 nm) of single-walled carbon nanotubes with different chiralities. However, by changing the composition of the catalyst particles while maintaining the growth parameters, the chiralities of single-walled carbon nanotubes were reduced to mainly four different types, (12, 1), (12, 0), (8, 5), and (7, 5), accounting for about 70% of all nanotubes.
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| 14. |
- Becker, Elin, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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In Situ Spectroscopic Investigation of Low-Temperature Oxidation of Methane over Alumina-Supported Platinum during Periodic Operation
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 115:4, s. 944-951
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Methane oxidation over Pt/Al2O3 at transient inlet-gas conditions was studied in situ using synchronous energy dispersive X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The employed combination of experimental techniques allows for simultaneous analysis of the electronic state of platinum, surface coverage of reaction intermediates/products, and catalytic activity/selectivity, respectively. By cycling of the feed gas composition between net-oxidizing and net-reducing conditions, the activity for methane oxidation can be increased as compared to continuous net-oxidizing conditions. Using the white-line area of time-resolved X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectra, a quantitative estimation of the surface O/Pt ratio indicates the formation of an inhomogeneous surface oxide on the platinum crystallites during reaction. The obtained temporary high activity can be explained through Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics and may result either from the formation of a partially oxidized platinum surface that is more effective for methane dissociation or, more likely, from a period with more reactive chemisorbed oxygen prior to oxide formation.
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| 15. |
- Björk, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Unraveling the Mechanism of the Covalent Coupling Between Terminal Alkynes on a Noble Metal
- 2014
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 118:6, s. 3181-3187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanism of the newly reported route for surface-assisted covalent coupling of terminal alkynes on Ag(111) is unraveled by density functional theory based transition state calculations. We illustrate that the reaction path is fundamentally different from the classical coupling schemes in wet chemistry. It is initiated by the covalent coupling between two molecules instead of single-molecule dehydrogenation. The silver substrate is found to play an important role stabilizing the intermediate species by chemical bonds, although it is hardly active electronically in the actual coupling step. The dimer intermediate is concluded to undergo two subsequent dehydrogenation processes expected to be rate-limiting according to the comparatively large barriers, which origin is discussed.
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| 16. |
- Björneholm, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Deeper Insight into Depth-Profiling of Aqueous Solutions Using Photoelectron Spectroscopy
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 118:50, s. 29333-29339
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is widely used to probe properties such as molecular stoichiometry, microscopic distributions relative to the surface by so-called depth-profiling, and molecular orientation. Such studies usually rely on the core-level photoionization cross sections being independent of molecular composition. The validity of this assumption has recently been questioned, as a number of gas-phase molecules have been shown to exhibit photon-energy-dependent nonstochiometric intensity oscillations arising from EXAFS-like modulations of the photoionization cross section. We have studied this phenomenon in trichloroethanol in both gas phase and dissolved in water. The gas-phase species exhibits pronounced intensity oscillations, similar to the ones observed for other gas-phase molecules. These oscillations are also observed for the dissolved species, implying that the effect has to be taken into account when performing depth-profiling experiments of solutions and other condensed matter systems. The similarity between the intensity oscillations for gas phase and dissolved species allows us to determine the photoelectron kinetic energy of maximum surface sensitivity, approximate to 100 eV, which lies in the range of pronounced intensity oscillations.
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| 17. |
- Boily, Jean-Francois
(författare)
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Water Structure and Hydrogen Bonding at Goethite/Water Interfaces : Implications for Proton Affinities
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - Washington, DC : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 116:7, s. 4714-4724
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecular dynamics simulations of four crystallographic terminations of goethite (alpha-FeOOH) in contact with liquid water (300 K, 1 bar) were performed to resolve interfacial water structures in the vicinity of surface (hydr)oxo groups. Interfacial water molecules adopted highly surface-specific configurations on (010), 100), (110), and (021) planes of goethite. Water molecules generally had weaker hydrogen bond numbers and strengths, as well as smaller self-diffusion coefficients, than their bulk liquid counterparts. Relaxed surface Fe-O and H acceptor distances and populations were used to estimate proton affinity constants of singly-, and triply-coordinated (hydr)oxo groups using the multisite complexation model. These calculations confirmed that singly coordinated groups are mainly responsible for charge uptake under normal environmental conditions. However, revised proton affinity constants showed that protonation of doubly-coordinated hydroxo groups and one type of triply-coordinated oxo group may be favored in the presence of strongly binding negatively charged ligands. These calculations should facilitate elucidation of surface complexation mechanisms on this environmentally important material.
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| 18. |
- Boily, Jean-Francois, et al.
(författare)
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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of fast-frozen hematite colloids in aqueous solutions. 2. tracing the relationship between surface charge and electrolyte adsorption
- 2010
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 114:6, s. 2613-2616
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Colloidal-sized hematite spheroids exposed to aqueous NaCl solutions were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy using the fast-frozen technique. The O 1s region provided evidence for (de)protonation reactions of surface (hydr)oxo groups of OH-enriched/O-depleted hematite Surfaces. These results were also correlated to changes in sodium (Na 1s) and chloride (Cl 2p) contents with pH. Electrolyte ion surface loadings were successfully predicted using a classic thermodynamic adsorption model normalized for surface site density. These efforts pointed to ion-specific inner-Helmholtz plane capacitances.
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| 19. |
- Bounechada, Djamela, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Vibrational Study of SOx Adsorption on Pt/SiO2
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 118:51, s. 29713-29723
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The formation of ad-SOx species on Pt/SiO2 upon exposure to SO2 in concentrations rang- ing from 10 to 50 ppm at between 200 and 400◦C has been studied by in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transformed spectroscopy. In parallel, first-principles calculations have been carried out to consolidate the experimental interpretations. It was found that sulfate species form on the silica surface with a concomitant removal/ rearrangement of silanol groups. For- mation of ad-SOx species occurs only after SO2 oxidation to SO3 on the platinum surface. Thus SO2 oxidation to SO3 is the first step in the SOx adsorption process, followed by spillover of SO3 to the oxide and, finally, the formation of sulfate species on the hydroxyl positions on the oxide. The sulfate formation is influenced by both temperature and SO2 concentration. Furthermore, exposure to hydrogen is shown to be sufficiently efficient as to remove ad-SOx species from the silica surface.
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| 20. |
- Bournel, F., et al.
(författare)
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Hydrosilylation of Styrene on Water-Saturated Si(001)-2 x 1 at Room Temperature
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 115:30, s. 14827-14833
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Si(001)-2 x 1 surface saturated by water is characterized by the passivation of nearly all of the dimerized atoms by H/OH terminations, except isolated dangling bonds, whose areal density is in the range of 1.5 +/- 0.2 x 10(-2) defects per Si atom. Therefore the water-saturated Si(001)-2 x 1 surface presents similarities with the defective H-terminated Si(001)2 x I. surface (presence of monohydrides and isolated dangling bonds), on which alkene molecules are known to be grafted via a radical-based hydrosilylation mechanism initiated at silicon dangling bonds. These common features stimulated the present study devoted to the reactivity of the water-saturated surface (n(+)-doped substrate) with styrene (H2C alpha=C beta H-C6H5) at room temperature. Using synchrotron radiation X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), our aim was to estimate the extent of styrene growth and to characterize the chemistry of the adsorbed molecule. XPS showed that styrene does react with the surface: after an exposure of 6.7 L (900 s x 0.75 x 10(-8) Torr), we estimate that about 0.2 molecules per Si dimer (similar to 0.1 molecule per Si atom) are grafted on the surface. The C is XPS spectrum is consistent with a hydrosilylation product, Si-C alpha H2-C beta H2-C6H5. Indeed we found that the C Is spectral shape of styrene mono-a bonded to the water-covered surface is markedly different from that of styrene di-sigma bonded to the clean Si(001)-2 x 1 surface, confirming the specificity of the reaction product formed on the former surface. Mechanistically, a radical-based hydrosilylation reaction is the most plausible, as theoretical works indicate that the activation barrier. of the latter mechanism is much lower than that of a direct, concerted mechanism. The C is spectral shape also excludes a reaction of the molecule with surface hydroxyls, leading to the formation of monohydroxyls C beta OH(H) (radical-based reaction) or of Si-O-C linkages (Markovnikov or anti-Markovnikov addition).
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| 21. |
- Bruhn, Benjamin, et al.
(författare)
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Blinking Statistics and Excitation-Dependent Luminescence Yield in Si and CdSe Nanocrystals
- 2014
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 118:4, s. 2202-2208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ON-OFF intermittency or blinking is a phenomenon observed in single quantum emitters, which reduces their overall light emission. Even though it seems to be a fundamental property of quantum dots (QDs), substantial differences can be found in the blinking statistics of different nanocrystals. This work compares the blinking of numerous single, oxide-capped Si nanocrystals with that of CdSe/ZnS core-shell nanocrystals, measured under the same conditions in the same experimental system and over a broad range of excitation power densities. We find that ON- and OFF-times can be described by exponential statistics in Si QDs, as opposed to power-law statistics for the CdSe nanocrystals. The type of blinking (power-law or monoexponential) does not depend on excitation but seems to be an intrinsic property of the material system. Upon increasing excitation power, the duty cycle of Si quantum dots remains constant, whereas it decreases for CdSe nanocrystals, which is readily explained by blinking statistics. Both ON-OFF and OFF-ON transitions can be regarded as light-induced in Si/SiO2 QDs, while the OFF-ON transition in CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals is not stimulated by photons. The differences in blinking behavior in these systems will be discussed.
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| 22. |
- Busch, Michael, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Water Oxidation on MnOx and IrOx: Why Similar Performance?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 117:1, s. 288-292
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The critical steps in water oxidation at a binuclear Mn(II–IV) oxide site are revisited. Ideal stabilities of intermediates are confirmed by comparing to results for a binuclear Ir(III–V) system. The latter in turn is known to be an excellent water oxidation catalyst. The inefficiency of the binuclear Mn(II–IV) site is owing to the high activation energy for the chemical step whereby MnIV═O double bonds on adjacent sites are broken prior to forming the MnIII—O—O—MnIII peroxy moiety. A rationale for Mn(II–IV)—Mn(III–V) mixed oxidation state for water oxidation catalysis, analogous to mixed transition metal oxide systems, is offered. Possible virtues of the kinetic stability of the binuclear MnIV═O moiety are discussed, utilizing its oxidizing power by sidestepping oxygen evolution.
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| 23. |
- Börjesson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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First Principles Studies of the Effect of Nickel Carbide Catalyst Composition on Carbon Nanotube Growth
- 2010
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society. - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 114:42, s. 18045-18050
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Density functional theory calculations were used to investigate the stability of single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) attached to nanoparticles. The total energies and the adhesion energies between the CNTs and the nanoparticles were calculated for systems where the nanoparticles were either pure Ni or Ni carbide. It was found that the adhesion between the CNT and a pure Ni cluster is stronger than between the same CNT and a Ni carbide cluster although the energy difference was small compared to the total adhesion energies. This adhesion strength implies that CNTs are likely to remain attached to both pure Ni and Ni carbide clusters and that either pure Ni or Ni carbide clusters may be docked onto the open CNT ends to achieve continued growth or electronic contacts between CNTs and electrode materials. The system with a CNT attached to a pure Ni cluster was found to be energetically favored compared to a system containing the same CNT attached to a Ni carbide. The difference in total energy implies that a CNT should act as a sink for C atoms dissolved in the Ni carbide cluster, which means that the dissolved C atoms will be drained from the cluster, yielding a pure metal in the zero Kelvin thermodynamic limit. It is argued that this draining procedure is likely to occur even if carbon is added to the cluster at a proper rate, for example, during CNT growth.
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| 24. |
- Börjesson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling of Ostwald ripening of metal clusters attached to carbon nanotubes
- 2011
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society. - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 115:50, s. 24454-24462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a model of Ostwald ripening of nanosized clusters and apply it to study the time evolution of metal particles attached to carbon nanotubes. The Ostwald ripening of metal clusters attached to carbon nanotubes differs from that of free metal clusters. While free clusters experience a rapid broadening in the size dispersion, this may be delayed by the nanotubes, which may therefore limit the ripening. The diameter and chirality of the carbon nanotubes were also seen to affect the Ostwald ripening of the catalyst particles. For a collection of carbon nanotubes that contains different diameters and chiralities, the clusters attached to carbon nanotubes with large diameters and strong carbon–metal adhesion are the most likely to survive the Ostwald ripening.
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| 25. |
- Canton, Sophie, et al.
(författare)
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Probing the Anisotropic Distortion of Photoexcited Spin Crossover Complexes with Picosecond X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 118:8, s. 4536-4545
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For numerous spin crossover complexes, the anisotropic distortion of the first coordination shell around the transition metal center governs the dynamics of the high-spin/low-spin interconversion. However, this structural parameter remains elusive for samples that cannot be investigated with crystallography. The present work demonstrates how picosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy is able to capture this specific deformation in the photoinduced high-spin state of solvated [Fe(terpy)(2)](2+), a complex which belongs to the prominent family of spin crossover building blocks with nonequivalent metal-ligand bonds. The correlated changes in Fe-N-Axial, Fe-N-Distal, and bite angle N-Distal-Fe-N-Axial extracted from the measurements are in very good agreement with those predicted by DFT calculations in D-2d symmetry. The outlined methodology is generally applicable to the characterization of ultrafast nuclear rearrangements around metal centers in photoactive molecular complexes and nanomaterials, including those that do not display long-range order.
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