| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Cedervall, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
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Timed Up-and-Go Dual-Task Testing in the Assessment of Cognitive Function : A Mixed Methods Observational Study for Development of the UDDGait Protocol
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New methods to screen for and identify early-stage dementia disorders are highly sought after. The purpose of this pilot study is to develop a study protocol for a dual-task test aimed at aiding the early detection of dementia disorders. We used the Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test, which is a mobility task involving starting in a sitting position, standing up, walking three meters to cross a line on the floor, turning around, walking back and sitting down again. We combined TUG with the verbal task of naming different animals. Pilot study participants were 43 individuals with and without established dementia diagnoses who attended a clinic for memory assessment. Video-recorded test performances were systematically analysed. Deviant test performances concerning the interplay between test administration and participants' responses to the assessment instructions were revealed and led to refinements being made to the final study protocol. Exploration of the dual-task test outcome measures in a sub-sample of 22 persons, ten with and twelve without dementia, indicated that step-length and number of named animals after the turning point of the dual-task test might constitute appropriate measures for examining this kind of sample. We concluded that the refined study protocol is feasible for testing individuals undergoing initial memory assessments and healthy controls. Follow-up studies with larger samples are being carried out and will bring new knowledge to this area of research. It may also provide an opportunity for further studies exploring possibilities for broad clinical implementation.
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| 3. |
- Johansson, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Ameliorating Child poverty through Connecting Economic Services with child health Services (ACCESS) : study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of the healthier wealthier families model in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2458. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundSweden is often held up as an example of a country with low child deprivation; yet, rates of relative deprivation are rising. Every municipality in Sweden is required to provide free, timely and accessible budget and debt counselling under the Social Services Act. The services have been encouraged to perform preventative practice with families; however, this has not been realised. The Healthier Wealthier Families (HWF) model embeds universal screening for economic hardship into child health services and creates a referral pathway to economic support services. Given the universal child health system in Sweden, which is freely available and has excellent coverage of the child population, implementation of the HWF model has potential to support families to access the freely available municipal budget and debt counselling and ultimately improve rates of child deprivation in Sweden.Methods/designWe will conduct a two-arm randomised waitlist-control superiority trial to examine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the HWF model in the Sweden. A longitudinal follow-up with the cohort will explore whether any effects are maintained in the longer-term.DiscussionHWF is a collaborative and sustainable model that could maximise the effectiveness of current services to address child deprivation in Sweden. The study outlined in this protocol is the first effectiveness evaluation of the HWF model in Sweden and is a crucial step before HWF can be recommended for national implementation within the child health services.
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| 4. |
- Sofkova Hashemi, Sylvana, et al.
(författare)
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Digitala textkompetenser och undervisning : en metatolkande syntes av forskningsstudier om texter, information och multimodalitet i skolan
- 2020
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Ingår i: Trettonde nationella konferensen i svenska med didaktisk inriktning, bildning, utbildning, fortbildning. - Linköping : Forskningsmiljön svenska och de moderna språkens didaktik, institutionen för kultur och samhälle vid Linköpings universitet. - 9789179298449 ; , s. 270-286
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Digital teknik för in nya möjligheter i svenskämnet, som exempelvis multimodala inslag och hypertexter, men ställer också förändrade krav både på elevers läsning, design och utvärdering av texter och lärares undervisning. Förändringar i läroplan och styrdokument tyder på en önskan om att elever ska vara digitalt textkompetenta. Genom en metatolkande ansats har ett urval av aktuell svensk forskning på området reanalyserats. Syftet är att problematisera och synliggöra de möjligheter och utmaningar den digitala tidsåldern ställer på elever och lärare när det gäller att utveckla digitala textkompetenser. Analysen bygger på studier som spänner över grund- och gymnasieskola och behandlar frågor som rör elevers lärprocesser och lärares beredskap till handledning, stöttning och bedömning när elever söker, tolkar, läser, skapar och hanterar digitala, multimodala texter. Analysen indikerar att elever behöver stöd i att värdera och tolka information samt att designa texter multimodalt. Den visar dessutom att lärare är i behov av redskap för att uppfatta och värdera digitala, multimodala textkompetenser. Kursplanerevideringarna avseende digitalisering uppvisar ett tekniskt perspektiv på användning av digitala verktyg snarare än kvalitativa aspekter av elevernas multimodala textarbete. Konsekvensen blir att lärare,oavsett årskurs eller ämne, har svårt att relatera elevers kunskapsproduktioner till kunskapsmålen i kursplanerna. Det pekar i sin tur på ett behov av att utveckla nya sorters kvalitetsindikatorer för bedömning och betygssättning gällande digital multimodal textanvändning. Om lärare och elever har en gemensam förståelse för digitala, multimodala texter, kan det utgöra en grund för att forma mer fokuserade och medvetna samtal om kvalitet i digitalt utformat innehåll.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Sofkova Hashemi, Sylvana, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Digitala textkompetenser och undervisning. En metatolkande syntes av forskningsstudier om texter, information och multimodalitet i skolan
- 2020
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Ingår i: Trettonde nationella konferensen i svenska med didaktisk inriktning: Bildning, utbildning, fortbildning, Linköping, 22-23 november 2018, s. 270-286. - Linköping : Linköpings universitet. - 1651-9132. - 9789179298449
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digital teknik för in nya möjligheter i svenskämnet, som exempelvis multimodala inslag och hypertexter, men ställer också förändrade krav både på elevers läsning, design och utvärdering av texter och lärares undervisning. Förändringar i läroplan och styrdokument tyder på en önskan om att elever ska vara digitalt textkompetenta. Genom en metatol- kande ansats har ett urval av aktuell svensk forskning på området reanalyserats. Syftet är att problematisera och synliggöra de möjligheter och utmaningar den digitala tidsåldern ställer på elever och lärare när det gäller att utveckla digitala textkompetenser. Analysen bygger på studier som spänner över grund- och gymnasieskola och behandlar frågor som rör elevers lärprocesser och lärares beredskap till handledning, stöttning och bedömning när elever söker, tolkar, läser, skapar och hanterar digitala, multimodala texter. Analysen indikerar att elever behöver stöd i att värdera och tolka information samt att designa texter multimodalt. Den visar dessutom att lärare är i behov av redskap för att uppfatta och värdera digitala, multimodala textkompetenser. Kursplanerevideringarna avseende digitalisering uppvisar ett tekniskt perspektiv på användning av digitala verktyg snarare än kvalitativa aspekter av elevernas multimodala textarbete. Konsekvensen blir att lärare, oavsett årskurs eller ämne, har svårt att relatera elevers kunskapsproduktioner till kunskapsmålen i kursplanerna. Det pekar i sin tur på ett behov av att utveckla nya sorters kvalitetsindikatorer för bedömning och betygssättning gällande digital multimodal textanvändning. Om lärare och elever har en gemensam förståelse för digitala, multi- modala texter, kan det utgöra en grund för att forma mer fokuserade och medvetna samtal om kvalitet i digitalt utformat innehåll.
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| 7. |
- Sofkova Hashemi, Sylvana, et al.
(författare)
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Digitala textkompetenser och undervisning. En metatolkande syntes av forskningsstudier om texter, information och multimodalitet i skolan
- 2020
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Ingår i: Bildning, utbildning, fortbildning. - Linköping : Liu-tryck. - 9789179298449 ; , s. 270-286
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Den trettonde nationella konferensen i Svenska med didaktisk inriktning (SMDI13) genomfördes i Linköping 22–23 november 2018. Temat förkonferensen var Bildning, utbildning, fortbildning. Svenskämnet erbjuder genomspråket och litteraturen kraftfulla verktyg för en framåtsyftande bildning. Att äga ett språk och ha tillgång till en mångfald av textvärldar är en förutsättning för att delta i samhället fullt ut som en demokratisk, kritisk och självständig medborgare.Vi ville därför med detta tema belysa olika aspekter av forskningsområdet svenska med didaktisk inriktning. Vid konferensen i Linköping deltog ca 150 personer och under de två dagarna genomfördes drygt 60 paper presentationer och symposier, varav flera från våra nordiska grannländer. Ett nytt inslag för året var en session som ägnades åt temat ”Att skriva en forskningsansökan”, där erfarna forskare bidrog med sina erfaren-heter. Konferensen föregicks av en doktoranddag, som lockade omkring 25 doktorander och handledare. Vid konferensen hölls tre plenarföreläsningar. Cristina Vischer Bruns från LaGuardia Community College, New York, inledde konferensen med en föreläsning under temat ”Students and Stories In and Out of Classrooms”, i vilken hon talade om hur lärare kan möta elevers vikande intresse för att läsa skönlitteratur med att ta utgångspunkt i de berättelser som eleverna möter utanför skolans värld. Konferensens andra plenarföreläsning hölls av Per Ledin,Södertörns högskola, som talade under temat ”Skolans nya och kvalitetssäkrandespråk”. I föreläsningen gav han många illustrerande exempel på hur språket i granskningssamhället kan se ut och ställde frågan om detta kvalitetssäkrandespråk riskerar att leda till försämrade mellanmänskliga relationer. Konferensens sista talare var Gunilla Molloy, docent i Svenska med didaktisk inriktning. Molloys föreläsning hade rubriken ”På spaning efter ett svenskämne” och innebar en exposé över en lång lärar- och forskargärning, där svenskämnet i relation till demokrati- och värdegrundsfrågor står i fokus. De 18 bidrag som presenteras i denna konferensvolym omfattar två artiklarbaserade på plenarföreläsningarna (Cristina Vischer Bruns och Gunilla Molloy)och 16 artiklar baserade på paperpresentationer eller workshops. Samtliga bidrag har granskats av minst två granskare genom en double blind review-process.Texterna uppvisar en bredd i tolkningen av konferensens tema. Flera artiklar handlar om skrivande eller grammatik (Edander & Palmér, Forsling & Tjernberg, Malmberg, Ohlsson, Rejman et al.) på olika nivåer i utbildningssystemet och utifrån olika perspektiv. Literacypraktiker, läsning och skrivande i andra skol-ämnen än svenska är fokus i några artiklar (Björk, Hallesson, Norberg, Visén). Andra artiklar handlar om arbete med skönlitterära texter och läsning (Elam &Widhe, Johansson & Nordenstam, Nordenstam & Olin-Scheller, Revelj, Nissen). Ett annat område som uppmärksammas i volymen är hur olika typer av policy-dokument påverkar utbildningen (Borsgård, Fägrell, Varga). Ett bidrag (Sofkova et al.) presenterar olika infallsvinklar på digitala textkompetenser. Det är vår förhoppning att nätverket Svenska med didaktisk inriktning ska fort-sätta vara ett viktigt forum för aktuell forskning om svenskämnets olika delar, liksom en betydelsefull aktör på andra arenor, där svenskämnet diskuteras.Konferensvolymen offentliggörs därför också via nätverkets hemsida,www.smdi.se.
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| 8. |
- Åberg, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular insights into the fine-tuning of pH-dependent ArsR-mediated regulation of the SabA adhesin in Helicobacter pylori
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nucleic Acids Research. - : Oxford University Press. - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 52:10, s. 5572-5595
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adaptation to variations in pH is crucial for the ability of Helicobacter pylori to persist in the human stomach. The acid responsive two-component system ArsRS, constitutes the global regulon that responds to acidic conditions, but molecular details of how transcription is affected by the ArsR response regulator remains poorly understood. Using a combination of DNA-binding studies, in vitro transcription assays, and H. pylori mutants, we demonstrate that phosphorylated ArsR (ArsR-P) forms an active protein complex that binds DNA with high specificity in order to affect transcription. Our data showed that DNA topology is key for DNA binding. We found that AT-rich DNA sequences direct ArsR-P to specific sites and that DNA-bending proteins are important for the effect of ArsR-P on transcription regulation. The repression of sabA transcription is mediated by ArsR-P with the support of Hup and is affected by simple sequence repeats located upstream of the sabA promoter. Here stochastic events clearly contribute to the fine-tuning of pH-dependent gene regulation. Our results reveal important molecular aspects for how ArsR-P acts to repress transcription in response to acidic conditions. Such transcriptional control likely mediates shifts in bacterial positioning in the gastric mucus layer.
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| 9. |
- Åkerfeldt, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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"Fridolin backar in i framtiden om digitala läromedel"
- 2021
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447. ; :2021-12-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Ingress: 23 forskare inom it- och utbildningsområdet: Regeringens utredare borde inte lyfta fram läsning på skärm som något negativt.Forskning visar att både tryckta och digitala läromedel behövs i skolan.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Ahlborg, Helene, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Thirty-five years of research on energy and power: A landscape analysis
- 2024
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Ingår i: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. - 1879-0690 .- 1364-0321. ; 199
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The urgent need to mitigate climate change and decarbonise the energy sector brings the risk that wider social and environmental concerns about the sustainability of energy systems are neglected. Countries may achieve decarbonization goals while reproducing or worsening the unequal distribution of access, opportunities, costs and burdens that is inherent to current energy systems. This study is motivated by the tension between visions for change towards sustainable energy systems and historic and contemporary inequities on the ground. The study contributes a quantitative, global-scope overview of existing research that places energy users and their lives at the centre of analysis for inclusive and equitable transitions. It further identifies the themes, concepts and perspectives that dominate scholarly debate and analyses the presence and relative influence of work that explicitly considers relations of power. The stepwise review uses the Scopus database and multiple bibliometric tools, covering the period until June 2022. It adopts a novel approach to identify dominant and marginal topics, geographical contexts and theoretical lenses employed including the uptake of critical social science approaches. The results indicate that dominant studies fail to engage critically with relationships of power. Even within the debate on “energy poverty”, work based in critical theory approaches account for less than seven percentages of the total body of work. For work on “energy justice” and users, four percentages of publications account for gender. The dominant language is technical and depoliticized. The study identifies research gaps and promising avenues for further research.
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| 13. |
- Al-Hammadi, Mustafa, 1995-, et al.
(författare)
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Machine Learning Approaches for Dementia Detection Through Speech and Gait Analysis : A Systematic Literature Review
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 100:1, s. 1-27
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Dementia is a general term for several progressive neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease. Timely and accurate detection is crucial for early intervention. Advancements in artificial intelligence present significant potential for using machine learning to aid in early detection.OBJECTIVE: Summarize the state-of-the-art machine learning-based approaches for dementia prediction, focusing on non-invasive methods, as the burden on the patients is lower. Specifically, the analysis of gait and speech performance can offer insights into cognitive health through clinically cost-effective screening methods.METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA protocol (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). The search was performed on three electronic databases (Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed) to identify the relevant studies published between 2017 to 2022. A total of 40 papers were selected for review.RESULTS: The most common machine learning methods employed were support vector machine followed by deep learning. Studies suggested the use of multimodal approaches as they can provide comprehensive and better prediction performance. Deep learning application in gait studies is still in the early stages as few studies have applied it. Moreover, including features of whole body movement contribute to better classification accuracy. Regarding speech studies, the combination of different parameters (acoustic, linguistic, cognitive testing) produced better results.CONCLUSIONS: The review highlights the potential of machine learning, particularly non-invasive approaches, in the early prediction of dementia. The comparable prediction accuracies of manual and automatic speech analysis indicate an imminent fully automated approach for dementia detection.
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| 14. |
- Andersson, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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Women with fibromyalgia prefer resistance exercise with heavy loads—a randomized crossover pilot study
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain condition associated with impaired muscle strength and exercise-induced pain. Physical exercise has been highlighted, by international clinical guidelines and stakeholders, as an essential component of rehabilitation in FM. Exposure to pain during exercise is generally correlated with elevated lactate levels and, additionally, is one known reason for persons with FM to avoid physical exercise and activity. A crossover design was used to test and evaluate an approach consisting of resistance exercise with heavy loads and a low number of repetitions among ten women with FM. The participants were consecutively recruited to test and perform exercise with two different resistance levels (A = light/moderate load, and B = heavy load) in a randomized crossover trial using an AB/BA setting. Results showed that the heavy load exercise session was experienced as more positive than the light/moderate load exercise session and that lower lactate levels followed exercise with heavier weight loads. This is promising and indicates that the approach of heavy weight loads and accustomed repetitions is accepted in FM and has the potential to attenuate hesitation to exercise due to exercise-induced pain. However, these effects need to be further investigated in more extensive studies. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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| 15. |
- Benesch, Henric, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Re-presenting ruins, visualizing the toxic sublime: Cross-disciplinary collaborations in lens-based art
- 2020
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Writing in the context of the climate emergency, theorists such as Bruno Latour, Isabelle Stengers and Anna Tsing have embraced a “post-apocalyptic” position (Latour, Stengers, Tsing & Bubandt, 2018). According to this position, our time is one of apocalypse – that is, we are currently experiencing a kind of revelation. What is being revealed to us is the fact that we are from now on destined to inhabit environments – natural, as well as built environments – that are effectively ruins. For Tsing (2015), we need to learn from other species that prosper in ruin landscapes. Re-imagining our environment in this way may generate new political prospects for the coming decades. The recent work of these theorists can be understood as efforts to re-present our place in the world – through texts, but also through the medium of art. Note, for instance, Latour’s regular curating of exhibitions at ZKM in Karlsruhe. Thus, the still-emerging interdisciplinary field of environmental humanities has – to a large degree – gained its popularity through its productive engagement with contemporary art. The ambition to rejuvenate “the sociological imagination” through aesthetics did, nevertheless, emerge before the rise of environmental humanities. (Toscano, 2012) In their recent essay film, Palmås & Sanner (2020) engages with this overall ambition to re-presenting this new world. Specifically, it pursues the proposition of seeing the ruin as a potential architectural model – and as a potential political imaginary – of the present. This proposition is presented alongside earlier examples of architectural models’ connections to political ideas. Thus, the film posits that there is an intimate connection with dominant architectural forms, on the one hand, and socio-political ideas, on the other. It further posits that images and imaginaries are intrinsically tied – indeed, the photographic or cinematographic image act may act as mediator between concrete designs and abstract ideas, between constructions and constructs. However, while architectural forms serve as powerful metaphors for social imaginaries, and while architectural photography has historically been an effective means of promoting such ideas, it may equally be the case that these devices are becoming obsolete. Phenomena like climate change and the proliferation of environmental toxins are sometimes described as “hyper objects” beyond our comprehension. (Morton, 2013) Similarly, artists are turning to computer-aided visualisations and simulations, trying to make sense out of the immense spatial and temporal scales involved in these phenomena. (Kane, 2018) Thus, in the efforts to capture this new “toxic sublime”, traditional lens-based media are now complemented by digital approaches to visualisation. This conversation will thus engage with the following questions: · First, what is the place of architecture – and design, more generally – in providing new models of thought and new political imaginaries? Are concepts like “the ruin” suitable conceptual handles to grasp the present political challenges, or should we look elsewhere for inspiration? · Secondly, what is the role of artistic expression in this re-presentation of the world, and forging of new political imaginaries? Specifically, what is the role of lens-based media? · Thirdly, given the interdisciplinary nature of the work described above, what modes of collaboration are emerging? Which types of knowledge, and which forms of experience are produced? The conversation will be formatted as an online, Zoom-based discussion that starts with interventions from four catalysts – see below for details about these contributors. The 16-minute film Too Late for History to End (Palmås & Sanner, 2020) will be available online for participants who wish to see it beforehand.
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| 16. |
- Berglund Kristiansson, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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A qualitative study of older persons’ experiences of getting individual support with digital needs in the context of home ID 281
- 2024
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Ingår i: The first Global Conference on Person-Centred Care. - : University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care. - 9789153106708 ; , s. 216-216
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Digitalization is seen as a necessity to manage the increasing burden on the health care system and is accordingly considered an important tool in the transformation to integrated care (Swedish Nära vård). However, when health care is digitalized older persons are at increased risk of being marginalized and dependent on others due to their generally lower digital competence. To address this, several Swedish municipalities offer individual support to older persons in their own home, a service called Digital Coach (DC). As this service is new, the aim is to describe older persons’ experiences of getting individual support with digital needs in the context of home. Method: Semi-structured interviews (n=14) were conducted with older persons who have had DC support in their home. The focus was on older persons’ experiences of the support. Data was analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Results, preliminary: The overall theme, to be a valued person in the digital society, represents a feeling of being taken seriously and worth investing resources in to gain access to society. Three categories emerged: (1) The need to keep up with the times which means to understand and navigate the new digital landscape with the opportunity for independence and participation, (2) Support and respect in the learning situation, is crucial for feeling comfortable to expose insufficient knowledge, and (3) Increased digital competence empowers autonomy and is manifested as the ability to handle the digital tools and services by your own creates a feeling of joy and satisfaction and increases the opportunity to participate in both social and community activities. Conclusion: The result shows that individual support with digital needs in the context of home increase digital competence in older persons and create feelings of being valued and included in the digital society, which can extend to integrated person-centered care.
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| 17. |
- Bladh, Oscar, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgA and IgG in nasal secretions, saliva and serum
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-3224. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Several novel vaccine platforms aim at mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract to block SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Standardized methods for mucosal sample collection and quantification of mucosal antibodies are therefore urgently needed for harmonized comparisons and interpretations across mucosal vaccine trials and real-world data.Methods: Using commercial electrochemiluminescence antibody panels, we compared SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgA and IgG in paired saliva, nasal secretions, and serum from 1048 healthcare workers with and without prior infection.Results: Spike-specific IgA correlated well in nasal secretions and saliva (r>0.65, p<0.0001), but the levels were more than three-fold higher in nasal secretions as compared to in saliva (p<0.01). Correlations between the total population of spike-specific IgA and spike-specific secretory IgA (SIgA) were significantly stronger (p<0.0001) in nasal secretions (r=0.96, p<0.0001) as opposed to in saliva (r=0.77, p<0.0001), and spike-specific IgA correlated stronger (p<0.0001) between serum and saliva (r=0.73, p<0.001) as opposed to between serum and nasal secretions (r=0.54, p<0.001), suggesting transudation of monomeric spike specific IgA from the circulation to saliva. Notably, spike-specific SIgA had a markedly higher SARS-CoV-2 variant cross-binding capacity as compared to the total population of spike specific IgA and IgG in both nasal secretions, saliva and serum, (all p<0.0001), which emphasizes the importance of taking potential serum derived monomeric IgA into consideration when investigating mucosal immune responses.Discussion: Taken together, although spike-specific IgA can be reliably measured in both nasal secretions and saliva, our findings imply an advantage of higher levels and likely also a larger proportion of SIgA in nasal secretions as compared to in saliva. We further corroborate the superior variant cross-binding capacity of SIgA in mucosal secretions, highlighting the potential protective benefits of a vaccine targeting the upper respiratory tract.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Blomberg, Oscar, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptation of a guided low-intensity behavioral activation intervention for people with dementia in Sweden : a qualitative study exploring the needs and preferences of key stakeholders
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics. - : Springer. - 1471-2318. ; 24:113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundDespite depression being prevalent in people with dementia, contributing to negative health outcomes and placing increased burden on individuals and family members, access to psychological interventions is limited. A potential solution is guided low-intensity behavioral activation, supported by informal caregivers and guided by healthcare professionals. However, it is necessary to adapt interventions to meet the needs and preferences of key stakeholders to enhance acceptability and relevance. Study objectives were to: (1) explore needs and preferences concerning the content and delivery model of the guided low-intensity behavioral activation intervention; and (2) adapt the intervention to ensure cultural appropriateness, relevancy, and acceptability to people with dementia and their caregivers in Sweden.MethodsSemi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with key stakeholders, including healthcare professionals (n = 18), community stakeholders (n = 7), people with dementia (n = 8), and informal caregivers (n = 19). A draft of the written low-intensity behavioral activation intervention and a description of the proposed intervention delivery model were provided to participants. Open-ended questions explored the perceived relevance of the intervention, alongside needs and preferences concerning content and delivery. A manifest content analysis approach was adopted.ResultsContent analysis resulted in three categories: Content, Delivery procedures, and Illness trajectory. Results highlighted a need to consider the intervention Content via increased cultural adaptation to the Swedish context, and increasing the inclusiveness of intervention content. Delivery procedures were identified as needing to be flexible given the unpredictable nature of caring for people with dementia, with the provision of additional guidance to informal caregivers supporting the intervention. Illness trajectory was viewed as essential to consider, with the intervention regarded as suitable for those early in the dementia trajectory, alongside a need to reduce workbook text to minimize burden given dementia symptomology.ConclusionsThe intervention and proposed delivery model were generally well received by all stakeholders. We were able to identify key adaptations to enhance cultural appropriateness, relevancy, and acceptability for a currently neglected population. Results will inform a feasibility study to explore the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and study procedures to inform the design of a future superiority randomized controlled trial.
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| 23. |
- Cederborg, Anna, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Renal function after liver transplantation: Real-world experience with basiliximab induction and delayed reduced-dose tacrolimus
- 2022
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Ingår i: Digestive and Liver Disease. - : Elsevier BV. - 1590-8658. ; 54:8, s. 1076-1083
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Routine use of delayed reduced-dose calcineurin-inhibitor treatment with induction immunosuppression in liver transplantation to minimize post-operative kidney injury is still scarce. Aim: To evaluate real-world experience of basiliximab induction with delayed reduced-dose tacrolimus. Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, kidney function was evaluated pre- and postoperatively by measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR). Adult patients undergoing liver transplantation between 2000 and 2017 were divided into a conventional treatment group (immediate-introduction of tacrolimus, target trough levels 10–15 ng/mL, and corticosteroids, n = 203) and a revised treatment group (basiliximab induction, reduced-dose tacrolimus, target through levels 5–8 ng/mL, delayed until day three, and mycophenolate mofetil 2000 mg/day, n = 343). Results: Mean mGFR was similar between groups at wait-listing (85.3 vs 84.1 ml/min/1.73m², p = 0.60), but higher in the revised treatment group at 3 (56.8 vs 63.4 ml/min/1.73m², p = 0.004) and 12 months post-transplant (60.9 vs 69.7 ml/min/1.73m², p<0.001); this difference remained after correcting for multiple confounders and was independent of pre-transplant mGFR. In the revised treatment group, biopsy proven acute rejection rate was lower (38% vs. 21%, p<0.001), and graft-survival better (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Basiliximab induction with delayed reduced-dose tacrolimus is associated with less kidney injury when compared to standard-dose tacrolimus, without increased risk of rejection, graft loss or death. © 2021
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- David Cabrer-Panes, Juan, et al.
(författare)
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ppGppmediates the growth phase-dependent regulation ofagn43, a phase variable gene, by stimulating its promoter activity
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environmental Microbiology Reports. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1758-2229. ; 12:4, s. 444-453
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antigen 43 (Ag43) is a self-recognizing outer membrane protein ofEscherichia coliexpressed during intracellular growth and biofilm formation, suggesting a role in infection. The expression ofagn43is under phase variation control, meaning that there are regulatory mechanisms adjusting the percentage ofagn43-expressing cells in the population, in addition to mechanisms modulating the transcriptional expression level in each expressing cell. Phenotypic and transcriptional studies indicate that Ag43 expression is induced upon entry into the stationary phase in a ppGpp-dependent and RpoS-independent manner. The use of single-cell approaches and phase variation deficient strains let to conclude that ppGpp stimulatesagn43promoter activity, rather than affecting the percentage ofagn43-expressing cells. The data highlight the relevance that promoter activity regulation may have, without any involvement of the phase variation state, in the final Ag43 expression output. Theagn43promoter of the MG1655 strain carries an AT-rich discriminator between positions -10 and +1, which is highly conserved among theagn43genes present in the different pathotypes ofE. coli. Remarkably, the AT-rich discriminator is required for the positive transcriptional control mediated by ppGpp.
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