| 1. |
- Bankvall, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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A family-based genome-wide association study of recurrent aphthous stomatitis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Oral Diseases. - : Wiley. - 1354-523X .- 1601-0825. ; 26:8, s. 1696-1705
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2020 The Authors. Oral Diseases published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Objectives: The aetiology of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) remains unknown. Individuals may share features of genetic susceptibility, and there may also be a hereditary component. The aim was to identify patterns of association and segregation for genetic variants and to identify the genes and signalling pathways that determine the risk of developing RAS, through a family-based genome-wide association study (GWAS). Subjects and methods: DNA was extracted from buccal swabs of 91 individuals in 16 families and analysed in an Illumina core exome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. A family-based association test (dFAM) was used to derive SNP association values across all chromosomes. Results: None of the final 288,452 SNPs reached the genome-wide significant threshold of 5×10–8. The most significant pathways were the Ras and PI3K-Akt signalling pathways, pathways in cancer, circadian entrainment and the Rap 1 signalling pathway. Conclusions: This confirms that RAS is not monogenic but results as a consequence of interactions between multiple host genes and possibly also environmental factors. The present approach provides novel insights into the mechanisms underlying RAS and raises the possibility of identifying individuals at risk of acquiring this condition.
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| 2. |
- Corvigno, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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High density of stroma-localized CD11c-positive macrophages is associated with longer overall survival in high-grade serous ovarian cancer.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Gynecologic Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0090-8258 .- 1095-6859. ; 159:3, s. 860-868
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Pre-clinical studies have identified marker- and tumor compartment-defined functionally distinct macrophage subsets. Our study analyzes marker-defined macrophage subsets in different tumor compartments of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC).METHODS: A discovery cohort (N = 113) was subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses. CD68-positivity was confirmed for CD11c-, CD80- and CD163-positive cells. Subset-marker-positive cells were scored in the total tumor and in four tumor compartments. Correlation analyses investigated co-expression of subsets, relationship to CD8+ cells and survival associations. A validation cohort (N = 121) was used to confirm selected findings from the discovery cohort.RESULTS: CD163-positve cells was the most abundant subtype in all compartments. CD11c and CD163 subsets were strongly correlated with each other in stroma and epithelial areas, whereas CD80 and CD163 were correlated in epithelial areas. CD80 and CD11c in perivascular areas showed low correlations. Strong associations were detected between CD8 and CD80 in the tumor epithelium-dominated areas, and between CD8 and CD11c in stroma areas. High stromal CD11c density was associated with a longer median overall survival in the discovery cohort (HR 0.39; CI 95%, 0.23-0.68; p = 0.001) and in the validation cohort (HR 0.46; CI 95%, 0.22-0.93; p = 0.03).CONCLUSIONS: Our study supports the existence of clinically relevant marker- and localization defined macrophage subsets in HGSC, which are independently regulated. Moreover, it suggests stromal CD11c as a novel prognostic marker in HGSC.
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| 3. |
- Groundstroem, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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A systematic mapping of Nordic youth surveys
- 2020
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The aim of this study was to map the existing Nordic youth surveys and to answer the following research questions: how many youth surveys are conducted in the Nordic countries?, what major youth surveys are being conducted in all Nordic countries?, and what themes do the existing questionnaires deal with in the various countries?Method: Data was collected from January to April 2018 through a systematic mapping technique and the surveys were analyzed according to quality criteria.Results: The results showed a total of 143 surveys and after exclusion due to poor survey quality, 82 fit the inclusion criteria. In the Nordic countries, six surveys were identified that covered all Nordic countries. The themes that youth surveys usually focus on are criminality, school, physical and mental health, addiction, societal participation and family relationships.Conclusion: Many similar youth surveys exist both nationally and on a Nordic level. During the last forty years, there has also been an exponential increase in surveys aimed at young people. A larger coordination of these surveys would be beneficial and increase their quality as well as limit the number of surveys that young people are exposed to. This study identifies the need for a coordinated Nordic youth survey and the potential benefits on a regional, national and Nordic level.
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| 4. |
- Larkin, Cormac J.K., et al.
(författare)
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M5 — Mars Magnetospheric Multipoint Measurement Mission: A multi-spacecraft plasma physics mission to Mars
- 2024
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Ingår i: Advances in Space Research. - : Elsevier. - 0273-1177 .- 1879-1948. ; 73:6, s. 3235-3255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mars, lacking an intrinsic dynamo, is an ideal laboratory to comparatively study induced magnetospheres, which can be found in other terrestrial bodies as well as comets. Additionally, Mars is of particular interest to further exploration due to its loss of habitability by atmospheric escape and possible future human exploration. In this context, we propose the Mars Magnetospheric Multipoint Measurement Mission (M5), a multi-spacecraft mission to study the dynamics and energy transport of the Martian induced magnetosphere comprehensively. Particular focus is dedicated to the largely unexplored magnetotail region, where signatures of magnetic reconnection have been found. Furthermore, a reliable knowledge of the upstream solar wind conditions is needed to study the dynamics of the Martian magnetosphere, especially the different dayside boundary regions but also for energy transport phenomena like the current system and plasma waves. This will aid the study of atmospheric escape processes of planets with induced magnetospheres. In order to resolve the three-dimensional structures varying both in time and space, multi-point measurements are required. Thus, M5 is a five spacecraft mission, with one solar wind monitor orbiting Mars in a circular orbit at 5 Martian radii, and four smaller spacecraft in a tetrahedral configuration orbiting Mars in an elliptical orbit, spanning the far magnetotail up to 6 Mars radii with a periapsis just outside the Martian magnetosphere of 1.8 Mars radii. We not only present a detailed assessment of the scientific need for such a mission but also show the resulting mission and spacecraft design taking into account all aspects of the mission requirements and constraints such as mass, power, and link budgets. Additionally, different aspects of the mission programmatics like a possible mission timeline, cost estimates, or public outreach are shown. The common requirements for acceptance for an ESA mission are considered. The mission outlined in this paper was developed during the Alpbach Summer School 2022 on the topic of “Comparative Plasma Physics in the Universe”.
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| 5. |
- Sundler, Annelie Johansson, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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The patient’s first point of contact (PINPOINT) – protocol of a prospective multicenter study of communication and decision-making during patient assessments by primary care registered nurses
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Primary Care. - : BioMed Central Ltd. - 2731-4553. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A major challenge for primary care is to set priorities and balance demands with available resources. The registered nurses in this study are practice nurses working in primary care offices, playing a large role in initial assessments. The overall objective of this research is to investigate practices of communication and decision-making during nurses’ initial assessment of patients’ health problems in primary care, examine working mechanisms in good practices and develop feasible solutions. Methods: Project PINPOINT aims for a prospective multicenter study using various methods for data collection and analysis. A purposive sample of 150 patient‒nurse consultations, including 30 nurses and 150 patients, will be recruited at primary care centers in three different geographic areas of southwest Sweden. The study will report on outcomes of communication practices in relation to patient-reported expectations and experiences, communication processes and patient involvement, assessment and decision-making, related priorities and value conflicts with data from patient questionnaires, audio-recorded real-time communication, and reflective interviews with nurses. Discussion: This research will contribute to the knowledge needed for the guidance of first-line decision-making processes to best meet patient and public health needs. This knowledge is necessary for the development of assessments and decisions to be better aligned to patients and to set priorities. Insights from this research can empower patients and service providers and help understand and enhance feasible person-centered communication strategies tailored to patients’ level of health literacy. More specifically, this research will contribute to knowledge that can strengthen nurses’ communication, assessments, and clinical decision-making in primary care. In the long term, this will contribute to how the competencies of practice nurses and other professionals are organized and carried out to make the best use of the resources within primary care. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06067672.
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| 6. |
- Östman, N. Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of momentum flow ratio on entrainment of a confined coaxial jet in a co-flow
- 2024
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Ingår i: Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1994-2060 .- 1997-003X. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Iron ore pellet production processes produce large amounts of CO2 emissions when burning fossil fuels. One example is the grate-kiln process, where normally a coal flame is used to indurate pellets. To mitigate the emissions, coal used in rotary kilns can be replaced with for example hydrogen. However, the fuel is mixed with secondary process air, and replacing a solid fuel with a gaseous one changes the mixing characteristics. This demands different means of injecting the fuel. A coaxial jet can be used to control the mixing of fuel and secondary air, as well as the flow field. The aim is to control the mixing of hydrogen and secondary air to achieve a hydrogen flame that is similar to the reference coal flame. This study numerically investigates different coaxial jet configurations. Steady-state simulations of a simplified model of the real kiln are performed using a Reynolds Stress turbulence model. Results show that decreasing the momentum flow ratio between the outer and inner jet, ?jet, to a certain value delays the spread of the hydrogen jet and thus gives a longer jet. Further decreasing this ratio gives an even longer jet, but has the side effect of producing recirculation of hydrogen.
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