| 1. |
- Andreasson, Anna Nixon, et al.
(författare)
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Inflammation and positive affect are associated with subjective health in women of the general population
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Health Psychology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1359-1053 .- 1461-7277. ; 18:3, s. 311-320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Poor subjective health has been associated with higher levels of inflammatory cytokines. We investigated whether such an association would apply to women of the general population. Levels of cytokines, affect and subjective health were assessed in 347 women of the general population aged 45 to 90 years. Higher levels of interleukin-6 were associated with poor subjective health, especially in participants over 65 years of age. Positive affect was a more robust determinant of subjective health than negative affect. The presence of low-grade inflammation and absence of positive affect, rather than presence of negative affect, may be important determinants of subjective health.
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| 2. |
- Andreasson, Anna Nixon, et al.
(författare)
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Leptin and adiponectin : Distribution and associations with cardiovascular risk factors in men and women of the general population
- 2012
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Ingår i: American Journal of Human Biology. - : Wiley. - 1042-0533 .- 1520-6300. ; 24:5, s. 595-601
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: In view of the increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide, understanding the role of the recently discovered adipokines leptin and adiponectin is of high clinical relevance. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between levels of leptin and adiponectin with age, known cardiovascular risk factors and to establish whether there are differences between men and women of the general population.METHODS: A total of 98 men and 107 women of the general population, aged between 20 and 74 years, underwent a medical examination at a clinical research center and fasting morning blood samples were also taken.RESULTS: Leptin (mean 7.5 μg l(-1) in men and 16.0 μg l(-1) in women) and adiponectin (mean 7.3 mg l(-1) in men and 11.9 mg l(-1) in women) levels were higher in women than men (Ps < 0.001). Both leptin and adiponectin levels increased with advancing age in both men and women (Ps < 0.05). Leptin was highly associated with factors for metabolic syndrome in men while in women, leptin was highly associated with inflammatory factors. Adiponectin was associated with blood lipids in both men and women, and glucose homeostasis more in women than in men.CONCLUSIONS: Leptin and adiponectin levels were ∼2 times and 1.5 times higher in women than in men, respectively. In addition, although leptin and adiponectin were associated to CVD risk factors in both men and women, we observed differences in specific CVD risk factor groups between men and women. These differences may be due to different regulatory mechanisms and effects of these adipokines in men and women.
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| 3. |
- Forsberg, Anna M., et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of colonic neoplasia and advanced lesions in the normal population : a prospective population-based colonoscopy study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 47:2, s. 184-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. There are few prospective studies of the prevalence of colonic neoplasia in the normal population. In order to properly evaluate screening-protocols for colorectal cancer in risk groups (e.g., older subjects or those with a family history), it is essential to know the prevalence of adenomas and cancer in the normal population. Methods. A prospective population-based colonoscopy study on 745 individuals born in Sweden aged 19-70 years was conducted (mean age 51.1 years). All polyps seen were retrieved and examined. Results. Out of the 745 individuals 27% had polyps, regardless of kind. Adenomas were found in 10% of the individuals and finding of adenomas was positively correlated to higher age. Men had adenomas in 15% and women in 6% of the cases. Women had a right-sided dominance of adenomas. Hyperplastic polyps were seen in 21% of the individuals. The presence of hyperplastic polyps was significantly positively correlated to the presence of adenomas. Advanced adenomas were seen in 2.8% of the study participants, but no cancers were detected. Conclusion. One in 10 healthy subjects had an adenoma but advanced adenomas were uncommon. Men and women have a different adenoma prevalence and localization. The results provide baseline European data for evaluating colonoscopy screening-protocols for colorectal cancer risk groups, and the findings may have implications for colon cancer screening in the normal, otherwise-healthy population.
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| 4. |
- Jakobsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Tomarps trädgård och dess vattenanläggningar : ett tvärvetenskapligt trädgårdshistoriskt projekt
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten utgör ett reslutat av ett partnerskapsprojekt inom Movium Partnerskap, som pågått mellan maj och dec 2011. Projektansvarig har varit Anna Jakobsson, SLU Alnarp. Projektet har finansierats av många olika aktörer, framför allt Movium Partnerskap med Statens Fastighetsverk och Åstorps kommun som huvudpartners, men även med bidrag från Kvidinge sockens Hembygdsförening och Intresseföreningen Tomarps Kungsgårds vänner. Resultaten presenterades på Tomarp 30 januari 2012. Arbetet har bestått av tre olika steg: En arkiv- kart- och litteraturstudie om/av Tomarps vattenanläggningar som helhet. En georadarundersökning av beteshagen (en del av Stora Trädgården). En trädgårdsarkeologisk analys baserad på de båda första studierna. I juni inventerades först Stora Trädgårdens/beteshagens växtlighet (av Boel Persson och Anna Jakobsson) och den visade att hela området var mer eller mindre fuktigt. När inventeringen var klar slåttrades ytan i början av juli. Allt hö togs bort för att få en jämn yta och därefter genomfördes undersökningen av Anders Biwall och Jane Jansen på RAÄs arkeologiska uppdragsverksamhet, i två dagar i juli 2011. Från maj och fram till september/november 2011 genomfördes arkiv-, kart- och litteraturstudien av Boel Persson, SLU Alnarp. När georadarmätningens resultat var sammanställda av Anders Biwall utfördes en trädgårdsarkeologisk analys av arkeologen Anna Andréasson på ArchaeoGarden. Sammandrag av alla delstudier går att läsa i rapportens förord. Arkiv- kart och litteraturstudien visar att antalet dammar över hela egendomen var som flest 26 stycken i slutet av 1600-talet och flera av dem var fiskdammar innehållande karp och ruda. Det går inte att spåra exakt var dammarna har legat i Stora Trädgården utifrån arkiven och kartorna, men på andra platser i anläggningen går dammar att hitta i kartmaterial och i illustrationer, som t ex dammarna söder om mangårdsbyggnaden och olika dammar i landskapet utanför själva trädgården. Dammarna har haft en fiskodlingsfunktion, men sannolikt inte till avsalu utan snarare för självhushållning. De verkar även ha haft en prydnadsfunktion i trädgården, förutom den praktiska funktionen att de dränerade trädgården från vatten så den gick att plantera. De sista dammarna i Stora Trädgården lades igen i slutet av 1800-talet. De förändringar som gjordes, utfördes i samband med byte av boställesinnehavare, vilka var många under perioden 1660-1880-talet. Konstruktionen och djupet på dammarna går inte att spåra i arkiven, mer än att några av dem varit stensatta. Men det finns avbildningar från mönsterböcker under 1800-talet, tillexempel Kungliga patriotiska sällskapets hushållningsjournal, som kan utgöra en ledtråd till konstruktionen.De två dammar som finns kvar söder om huvudbyggnaden är från slutet av 1600-talet och var stensatta senast i mitten av 1700-talet. Undersökningen med georadar visar ett flertal strukturer på olika djup i Stora Trädgården på Tomarp. Strukturerna har bland annat tolkats till att utgöra dammar, trädgårdsgångar, murar och dräneringskanaler. Det är också möjligt att se hur mycket jord som lagts på under olika tidsperioder. Resultatet av undersökningen med georadar kompletterar arkiv- och kartstudierna och samspelar/bekräftar vegetationsinventeringen så till vida att ett par ytor med konstaterade dammstrukturer är bevuxna av fuktälskande växter. De ytor med strukturer som visar dränering stämmer också med vegetationsinventeringen, där dräneringar syns leda ifrån ytorna med extra fuktälskande växter. I en vidare tolkning av Tomarps trädgårdars historia hade resultaten från arkivstudierna, vegetationsinventeringen och georadarundersökningen inte kunnat stå var för sig. Projektet har visat att de verkligen kompletterar varandra. I fortsatta undersökningar kommer både georadarundersökningen och arkivstudierna vara viktiga för att veta var det är lämpligt att eventuellt utföra arkeologiska ut- eller provgrävningar på Tomarp. Projektet kan ses som en liten del av Tomarps trädgårdshistoriska pussel. Många bitar väntar på att bli upptäckta och andra bitar väntar på att passas in. En arkeologisk undersökning av olika punkter i Stora Trädgården är kanske en bit som står på tur men i skri-vande stund är det oklart när den biten kan prövas. Tills dess finns dokumenten sammanställda och lämningarna under mark ligger kvar, som vittnesmål om Tomarps trädgårdar och dess vattenanläggningar.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Nixon Andréasson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between leptin and self-rated health in men and women
- 2010
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Ingår i: Gender Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1550-8579 .- 1878-7398. ; 7:3, s. 261-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: As an important mediator by which the brain receives information about the body's energy state, leptin may be associated with subjectively perceived health. OBJECTIVE: The main aim of the present study was to investigate concurrent and prospective associations between leptin and self-rated health (SRH), a strong predictor of morbidity and mortality, in a random population sample. An additional aim was to examine whether sick leave was associated with leptin and poor SRH. METHODS: In a prospective, population-based cohort study in Sweden, men and women underwent a medical examination in 1998, at which time blood was drawn and participants were asked to respond to a questionnaire concerning demographics, health behavior, and psychosocial factors. In 2000, the participants responded to a second questionnaire sent by postal mail. Spearman rank correlations were used to investigate the relationships between leptin, SRH, sick leave, and background variables. Partial Spearman coefficients were then calculated to investigate the patterns of association between leptin, SRH, and sick leave independent of age, body mass index (BMI), presence of diagnosis, and testosterone or estradiol. RESULTS: A total of 98 men and 104 women, aged 23 to 76 years, and 91 men and 96 women at follow-up, participated in the study. In men, relatively higher levels of leptin were prospectively associated with relatively worse SRH (rho = 0.20; P = 0.05), but the relationship was not significant in the cross-sectional analysis (rho = 0.18; P = 0.07). This association was not found in women. When controlling for age, BMI, presence of diagnosis, and testosterone, higher levels of leptin were associated with poor SRH in men in cross-sectional analysis (rho = 0.27; P < 0.01) but not prospectively. In women, leptin was not associated with SRH in cross-sectional analysis, but relatively higher levels were prospectively associated with better SRH when adjusted for background factors and estradiol (rho = -0.26; P < 0.05). SRH was independently associated with future sick leave in both men (rho = 0.34; P < 0.01) and women (rho = 0.30; P < 0.05), whereas no association between leptin and future sick leave was found. CONCLUSIONS: Contrasting associations were found between men and women in the relationship between leptin and SRH. Based on the finding that higher leptin levels were associated with better SRH in women than in men, along with corroboration from recent studies, we propose that leptin may serve different psychobiological functions in men than in women.
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| 7. |
- Persson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Cultural Relict Plants in the Nordic Region
- 2014
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Ingår i: Sources to the history of gardening : Four interdisciplinary seminars 2010-2013 arranged by the Nordic Network for the Archaeology and Archaeobotany of Gardening - Four interdisciplinary seminars 2010-2013 arranged by the Nordic Network for the Archaeology and Archaeobotany of Gardening. - 9789187117862 ; 2014:25, s. 299-312
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Persson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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What’s in a name? : Exploring the definition of ‘Cultural Relict Plant’
- 2014
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Ingår i: Sources to the history of gardening : Four Interdisciplinary Seminars 2010–2013 Arranged By the Nordic Network for the Archaeology and Archaeobotany of Gardening (NTAA) - Four Interdisciplinary Seminars 2010–2013 Arranged By the Nordic Network for the Archaeology and Archaeobotany of Gardening (NTAA). - 9789187117862 ; 2014:25, s. 289-298
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Syk, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
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Anti-inflammatory Treatment of Atopic Asthma Guided by Exhaled Nitric Oxide : A Randomized, Controlled Trial
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825 .- 2213-2198 .- 2213-2201. ; 1:6, s. 639-648
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundAtopic asthma is characterized by Th2 cytokine–driven inflammation of the airway mucosa, which is signaled by the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO).ObjectiveWe tested whether an FENO-guided anti-inflammatory treatment algorithm could improve asthma-related quality of life and asthma symptom control, and reduce exacerbations in atopic asthmatics within primary care.MethodsAltogether, 187 patients with asthma and who were nonsmokers (age range, 18-64 years) with perennial allergy and who were on regular inhaled corticosteroid treatment were recruited at 17 primary health care centers, randomly assigned to 2 groups and followed up for 1 year. For the controls (n = 88), FENO measurement was blinded to both operator and patient, and anti-inflammatory treatment was adjusted according to usual care. In the active group (n = 93), treatment was adjusted according to FENO. Questionnaires on asthma-related quality of life (Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire) and asthma control (Asthma Control Questionnaire) were completed, and asthma events were noted.ResultsThe Asthma Control Questionnaire score change over 1 year improved significantly more in the FENO-guided group (–0.17 [interquartile range {IQR}, −0.67 to 0.17] vs 0 [−0.33 to 0.50]; P = .045), whereas the Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire score did not (0.23 [IQR, 0.07-0.73] vs 0.07 [IQR, −0.20 to 0.80]; P = .197). The change in Asthma Control Questionnaire was clinically important in subpopulations with poor control at baseline (P = .03). Furthermore, the exacerbation rate (exacerbations/patient/y) was reduced by almost 50% in the FENO-guided group (0.22 [CI, 0.14-0.34] vs 0.41 [CI, 0.29-0.58]; P = .024). Mean overall inhaled corticosteroid use was similar in both groups (P = .95).ConclusionUse of FENO to guide anti-inflammatory treatment within primary care significantly reduced the exacerbation rate and improved asthma symptom control without increasing overall inhaled corticosteroid use.
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| 11. |
- Aidemark, Mari, et al.
(författare)
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Trichoderma viride cellulase induces resistance to the antibiotic pore-forming peptide alamethicin associated with changes in the plasma membrane lipid composition of tobacco BY-2 cells
- 2010
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Ingår i: Bmc Plant Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2229. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Alamethicin is a membrane-active peptide isolated from the beneficial root-colonising fungus Trichoderma viride. This peptide can insert into membranes to form voltage-dependent pores. We have previously shown that alamethicin efficiently permeabilises the plasma membrane, mitochondria and plastids of cultured plant cells. In the present investigation, tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Bright Yellow-2) were pre-treated with elicitors of defence responses to study whether this would affect permeabilisation. Results: Oxygen consumption experiments showed that added cellulase, already upon a limited cell wall digestion, induced a cellular resistance to alamethicin permeabilisation. This effect could not be elicited by xylanase or bacterial elicitors such as flg22 or elf18. The induction of alamethicin resistance was independent of novel protein synthesis. Also, the permeabilisation was unaffected by the membrane-depolarising agent FCCP. As judged by lipid analyses, isolated plasma membranes from cellulase-pretreated tobacco cells contained less negatively charged phospholipids ( PS and PI), yet higher ratios of membrane lipid fatty acid to sterol and to protein, as compared to control membranes. Conclusion: We suggest that altered membrane lipid composition as induced by cellulase activity may render the cells resistant to alamethicin. This induced resistance could reflect a natural process where the plant cells alter their sensitivity to membrane pore-forming agents secreted by Trichoderma spp. to attack other microorganisms, and thus adding to the beneficial effect that Trichoderma has for plant root growth. Furthermore, our data extends previous reports on artificial membranes on the importance of lipid packing and charge for alamethicin permeabilisation to in vivo conditions.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Andreasson, Anna N., et al.
(författare)
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Development and preliminary validation of the Sickness Questionnaire (SicknessQ)
- 2013
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Ingår i: Brain, behavior, and immunity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0889-1591 .- 1090-2139. ; 32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lack of questionnaires to measure subjective feelings of being sick made us develope the Sickness Questionnaire (SicknessQ) for assessment of sickness behavior in people. The objective of the present investigation was to test its internal consistency, criteria validity, and sensitivity to capture the sickness response in an experimental setting. An initial pool of items was developed based on previous research. The statistical properties of SicknessQ was assessed in 172 men and women primary care patients with acute complaints and involved three steps: (1) principal component analyses to reduce the number of items and to identify latent factor structures, (2) tests of internal consistencies of subscales, and (3) hierarchical regression analyses to test criteria validity of the subscales. Subsequently, sensitivity to change was tested in a placebo controlled experiment in which 31 blinded healthy men and women were injected with endotoxin (LPS) to provoke sickness behavior. Principal components analysis suggested a 3-factor solution with a total of 11 items measuring fatigue (5 items), pain (4 items) and emotion (2 items). The total scale as well as each of the three separate factors were significantly changed 90 min after endotoxin injection as compared to baseline (p’s < .01). In all, the new 11-item SicknessQ is highly sensitive to a mild systemic inflammation. Further studies are planned to test its usefulness and prognostic value in clinical settings.
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| 14. |
- Andreasson, Anna N., et al.
(författare)
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Prediction pathways for innate immune pathology, IBS, anxiety and depression in a general population (The POPCOL Study)
- 2013
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Ingår i: Brain, behavior, and immunity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0889-1591 .- 1090-2139. ; 32, s. e46-e46
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study was to ascertain whether low grade innate inflammation contributes to a pathway of depression and anxiety via irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We evaluated innate immune cell counts in colonic mucosa in normal subjects and those with IBS (Rome III) from a population based study in which 745 randomly selected subjects had a colonoscopy (mean age 51 years;57% women). Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) per 100 enterocytes and eosinophils (eos) per five non-overlapping high power fields (HPF) were counted in 90 controls and 100 cases; immunocytochemistry (CD117) was performed for mast cells per 5HPF in 80 controls and 81 cases. IELs, mast cells and eos were individually summed over 5 sites (terminal ileum, caecum, transverse colon, sigmoid colon and rectum). Anxiety and depression scores were calculated from HADS. A causal model path model which hypothesises immune cells being associated with IBS which, in turn, is associated with elevated anxiety and depression was tested using path analysis implemented in the MPlus software. All hypothesised paths reached statistical significance (p < .05) supporting the individual hypothesized pathways. The overall model fit was reasonable although imperfect. In conclusion, a significant contribution of innate immune inflammatory load leading to anxiety and depression via IBS was found. Whether therapy directed to decreasing this inflammatory load also lifts depression and anxiety should be further explored.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Andréasson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Växter och växtlämningar inom de arkeologiska vetenskaperna: källor till odlingens, trädgårdarnas och kulturlandskapets historia : ett nordiskt arbetsseminarium och en nätverksetablering på Alnarp 3-4 mars 2010
- 2010
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Ingår i: LTJ-fakultetens faktablad.
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Hur studerar man kulturväxter i arkeologiska sammanhang och med arkeologins metoder? Hur definierar man begrepp som kulturväxt, nyttoväxt och trädgårdsodling? Forskningen inom arkeologin kring just växterna är ett spännande ämne som kräver ett tvärvetenskapligt samarbete, med alla de speciella utmaningar detta innebär. Syftet med arbetsseminariet på Alnarp den 3– 4 mars 2010 var att sammanföra nordiska forskare med olika bakgrund för att under två dagar diskutera forskningen kring det gemensamma intresset: växter i arkeologiska sammanhang och trädgårdsarkeologi, och etablera ett nätverk för framtida samarbete (fig. 1). Deltagarna kom från vitt skilda fält, från bl.a. arkeologi, arkeobotanik, kvartärgeologi, paleoekologi, landskap-sarkitektur, trädgårds- och landskapshistoria samt språkvetenskap. Alla föredrag behandlade växter och odling ur någon aspekt, från tiden då de första människorna invandrade till Skandinavien efter istiden, via järnålderns byggnadsnära intensiva odlingar och stormaktstidens parker, till 1800- och 1900-talets odlingar.
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| 17. |
- Andreasson, Claes, et al.
(författare)
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Direct Cloning of Isogenic Murine DNA in Yeast and Relevance of Isogenicity for Targeting in Embryonic Stem Cells
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:9, s. e74207-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Efficient gene targeting in embryonic stem cells requires that modifying DNA sequences are identical to those in the targeted chromosomal locus. Yet, there is a paucity of isogenic genomic clones for human cell lines and PCR amplification cannot be used in many mutation-sensitive applications. Here, we describe a novel method for the direct cloning of genomic DNA into a targeting vector, pRTVIR, using oligonucleotide-directed homologous recombination in yeast. We demonstrate the applicability of the method by constructing functional targeting vectors for mammalian genes Uhrf1 and Gfap. Whereas the isogenic targeting of the gene Uhrf1 showed a substantial increase in targeting efficiency compared to non-isogenic DNA in mouse E14 cells, E14-derived DNA performed better than the isogenic DNA in JM8 cells for both Uhrf1 and Gfap. Analysis of 70 C57BL/6-derived targeting vectors electroporated in JM8 and E14 cell lines in parallel showed a clear dependence on isogenicity for targeting, but for three genes isogenic DNA was found to be inhibitory. In summary, this study provides a straightforward methodological approach for the direct generation of isogenic gene targeting vectors.
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| 18. |
- Andreasson, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of reactive oxygen species in reflux disease
- 2011
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Ingår i: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. - Rijeka, Croatia : InTech. - 9789533073859 ; , s. 79-90
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: High levels of nitric oxide (NO) are formed when nitrite in swallowed saliva meets acidic refluxates in the distal esophagus. In inflamed tissue with production of reactive-oxygen-species (ROS) it is reasonable to assume that luminal NO will react with particularly superoxide and form the extremely labile oxidising compound peroxynitrite. Such oxidative species have potential roles in all steps of carcinogenesis. The aim of the present study is to elucidate the presence of radical producing enzymes, and elucidate the histological changes and number of inflammatory cells in human esophageal mucosa. Material and Methods: Biopsies from healthy volunteers and patients with erosive reflux disease (ERD) were analysed for myeloperoxidase (MPO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and NADPH oxidase, well as the expression of inflammatory markers IL1β and IL6 by western blot technique. Expression of nitrotyrosine was used as an indicator of peroxynitrite activity, thus mirroring the foregoing radical formation. A histological evaluation of inflammation and a morphometric investigation were performed on mucosal specimens. Results: Expression of MPO and nitrotyrosine formation was up regulated in the ERD-patients compared healthy controls. No significant differences in expression of iNOS, NADPH oxidase, IL1β or IL6 were detected. No signs of active inflammation, defined as presence of inflammatory cells were observed, whereas histological signs of erosive mucosal disease were confirmed in the esophageal mucosa. Conclusion: There were clear signs of increased radical forming capacity in the epithelium despite absence of histological inflammation, in association to ERD. During acidified refluxes, epithelial ROS production in combination with luminal NO formation, may constitute aggravated factors in the carcinogenic process.
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| 19. |
- Andréasson, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in soil organic matter, extractable nutrients, and acidity in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forest soils related to the presence of ground flora
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1341-6979 .- 1610-7403. ; 17:4, s. 333-342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Differences in soil organic matter (SOM) content, soil acidity, and soil exchangeable nutrients (NH4-N, NO3-N, Ca, K, Na, Mg) related to the presence of ground flora were studied. The study was carried out for a growing season in two different Fagus sylvatica L. forests in southern Sweden, and the differences in soil characteristics below naturally occurring patches of Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin. or Anemone nemorosa L. were compared with those with no ground flora. Patches of D. flexuosa led to higher soil pH, but lower SOM, water content, base saturation, and NH4-N concentration compared with adjacent zones without D. flexuosa. The lower SOM content suggested an increased rate of decomposition which caused soil pH to increase because of release of basic cations. In the presence of A. nemorosa, pH was higher and the exchangeable acidity lower than for patches without the herb. In early spring, when A. nemorosa emerged and flowered, the NH4-N concentration was somewhat lower in the presence of the herb than when it was absent. For the evergreen grass D. flexuosa NH4-N concentrations were lower in patches with the grass later in the summer season (July). This work indicates the presence of spatial and temporal differences in nutrient circulation and decomposition on the small ground flora scale, which should be considered when studying nutrient and carbon cycles of temperate forests.
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| 20. |
- Bengtsson, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Activation of defence responses to Phytophthora infestans in potato by BABA
- 2014
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Ingår i: Plant Pathology. - : Wiley. - 0032-0862 .- 1365-3059. ; 63, s. 193-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is one of the most devastating diseases of the potato crop. Resistance breeding and current fungicides are unable to control the rapidly evolving P. infestans and new control strategies are urgently needed. This study examined mechanisms of dl-β-aminobutyric acid (BABA)-induced resistance (IR) in the potato-P. infestans system. Leaves from two cultivars that differ in their degree of resistance, Bintje and Ovatio, were analysed after foliar treatment with BABA. Rapid activation of various defence responses and a significant reduction in P. infestans growth were observed in leaves treated with BABA. In the more resistant cultivar, Ovatio, the activation was both faster and stronger than in Bintje. Microscopic analysis of leaves treated with BABA revealed induction of small hypersensitive response (HR)-like lesions surrounded by callose, as well as production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Molecular and chemical analyses revealed soluble phenols such as arbutin and chlorogenic acid and activation of PR-1. These results show a direct activation of defence responses in potato, rather than priming as reported for other plant species. They also show that the efficiency of BABA-IR differs between cultivars, which highlights the importance of taking all aspects into consideration when establishing new methods for disease management.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Cardiakidis Myers, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Intravitreal Injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide into Healthy Rabbit Eyes Alters Retinal Function and Morphology
- 2013
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Ingår i: Current Eye Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0271-3683 .- 1460-2202. ; 38:6, s. 649-661
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To study the effects of intravitreally injected triamcinolone acetonide (TA) and/or its preservative benzyl alcohol (BA) in healthy rabbit retina. Methods: Forty-eight rabbits (aged 4 months, body weight approximate to 3 kg) were randomized into four groups (n=12). They were examined with electroretinography (ERG) prior to drug exposure, and then injected intravitreally with a combination of TA and BA, TA without BA, BA alone or a balanced saline solution (BSS). The electroretinograms were assessed 1 week and 7 weeks post-injection. The rabbits were euthanized and the sectioned retinas were studied. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on rods, cones, rod bipolar cells, horizontal cells, amacrine cells and Muller cells. Results: Rabbits injected with BA showed a significantly lower rod-mediated b-wave amplitude than the controls 1 week after injection. TA-injected rabbits demonstrated significantly higher a- and b-wave amplitudes in the total retinal response than the controls 1 week post-injection. The rabbits injected with TA+BA demonstrated a significantly higher b-wave amplitude in the total retinal response than the controls 1 week after injection. The significantly higher a-wave amplitude in the total retinal response remained in the TA-injected rabbits 7 weeks after injection. Immunohistochemistry revealed that protein kinase C alpha (PKC alpha) was down-regulated in both the perikarya and the axons of bipolar cells in histological sections from rabbit retina injected with TA+BA, BA and TA. Conclusions: Intravitreal injection of the preservative BA reduces the isolated rod-mediated retinal response in the rabbit, transiently and selectively. Intravitreal injection of TA increases the total retinal response in the rabbit up to seven weeks after injection. The effects observed are not only limited to retinal function, but also include changes in the expression of PKC alpha in rod bipolar cells, indicating drug-related interference with normal retinal physiology in the healthy rabbit eye.
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| 24. |
- Cardiakidis Myers, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Retinal function and morphology in rabbit after intravitreal injection of VEGF inhibitors.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Current Eye Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0271-3683 .- 1460-2202. ; 37:5, s. 399-407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose/Aim: To explore changes in morphology and function in the rabbit retina after intravitreal high-dose injection of three commonly used VEGF inhibitors. Materials and methods: Forty-eight rabbits of mixed strain (6 months of age, body weight ≈ 3 kg) were randomized into four groups (n = 12). They were examined with full-field electroretinography (ERG) and with multifocal electroretinography (mf ERG) prior to drug exposure. The rabbits were then injected intravitreally with bevacizumab, ranibizumab, pegaptanib, or with a balanced saline solution. The dose of VEGF inhibitor was chosen to achieve a vitreous concentration approximately three times higher than the one clinically used in the adult human eye. ERG was then performed 8 weeks postinjection, and mf ERG 9 weeks postinjection. After 9 weeks, the rabbits were sacrificed and the sectioned retina was studied. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed of rods, cones, rod bipolar cells, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells. Results: Rabbits injected with VEGF inhibitors all showed significantly lower amplitude of the dark-adapted b-wave rod-mediated response to dim light, compared to the rabbits injected with BSS. The a wave (reflecting photoreceptor function) in the response to single flash white light was however not affected. Immunohistochemistry revealed a significant reduction in PKC labeling of rod bipolar cells in pegaptanib and ranibizumab injected eyes whereas bevacizumab injected eyes displayed normal PKC labeling. No apparent morphological change was seen with markers for remaining retinal cells. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the use of high-dose intravitreal VEGF inhibitors in the rabbit eye affects rod-mediated retinal function and PKC expression in rod bipolars cells for at least 9 weeks after drug administration. The three VEGF inhibitors influence the retina slightly differently. These results are important for the understanding of drug action and when devising therapeutical strategies in new areas such as retinopathy of prematurity where vitreous volume is significantly lower compared to the adult eye.
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| 25. |
- Cardiakidis Myers, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Retinal Function and Morphology in the Rabbit Eye after Intravitreal Injection of the TNF Alpha Inhibitor Adalimumab.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Current Eye Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0271-3683 .- 1460-2202. ; 39:11, s. 1106-1116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Aim: To study the effects of the tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor adalimumab on rabbit retina after injection into the vitreous body. Methods: Forty-eight rabbits of mixed strain (9-12 months old, weighing ≈ 3.5 kg) were randomized into four groups. Adalimumab was injected at one of two concentrations (1.25 mg or 2.5 mg) into the eyes of two groups, and balanced salt solution into the eyes of the third group. The fourth group acted as controls. Full-field electroretinography (ffERG) was performed before injection and 1 and 6 weeks post-injection. At 6 weeks post-injection the rabbits were euthanized and the sectioned retinas were studied. Retinal histology was studied with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on rods, cones, rod bipolar cells, horizontal cells, amacrine cells and Müller cells. Results: No significant difference in ffERG amplitudes or implicit times was observed between the four groups at any time point. Histological and immunohistochemical findings were similar in all groups. Conclusions: Injection of adalimumab into the vitreous body of healthy rabbits, at doses up to 2.5 mg, does not appear to be toxic to the rabbit retina.
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