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| 3. |
- Al-Ansari, Nadhir, et al.
(författare)
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Climate change and future long term trends of rainfall at north-east Part of Iraq
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture. - : David Publishing Company. - 1934-7359 .- 1934-7367. ; 8:6, s. 790-805
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Iraq is facing water shortage problem despite the presence of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. In this research, long rainfall trends up to the year 2099 were studied in Sulaimani city northeast Iraq to give an idea about future prospects. Two emission scenarios used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (A2 & B2) were employed. The results indicates that the average annual rainfall show a significant downward trend for both A2 and B2 scenarios. In addition, winter projects some increase/decrease in the daily rainfall statistics of wet days, the spring season show very slight drop and no change for both scenarios. However both summer and autumn show a significant reduction in maximum rainfall value especially in 2080s while the other statistics remain nearly the same. The extremes events are to decrease slightly in 2080s with highest decrease associated with A2 scenario. This because the rainfall under scenario A2 is more significant than under scenario B2 and temperature can be very hot and worse with increase in emission scenario which causes the moist air to be evaporated before going up and cause the rainfall. The return period of a certain rainfall will increase in the future when a present storm of 20 year could occur once every 43 year in the 2080s. An increase in the frequency of extreme rainfall depends on the return period, season of the year, the future period considered and the emission scenario under which it will occur
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| 4. |
- Alanbari, Mohammad A., et al.
(författare)
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Application of Simapro7 on Karbala Wastewater Treatment Plant, Iraq
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering. - : Scienpress Ltd. - 1792-9040 .- 1792-9660. ; 4:2, s. 55-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of treated wastewater is becoming more popular especially in countries suffering from water shortages despite the fact that wastewater plants have some environmental implications. For this reason there are various software designed to do the assessment. Among these is SimaPro software package designed to make a valuable contribution. It is a powerful tool for analyzing the environmental impact to products during their whole life cycle. A huge amount of knowledge about the environment is built into the program and database, enabling to analyze a product with a minimum of specialized knowledge. In this study, Simapro was used to analyze and evaluate the impacts that result from Karbala Wastewater treatment plant. The results of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) show that Karbala WWTP has an impact and damage on the environment of the order of 171 point for each 1 cubic meter of wastewater. The most environmental impacts potential were global warming, respiratory inorganics and non-renewable energy. The study also showed that most of the effects were as a result of the phase of construction more than of the operational phase.
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| 5. |
- Ali, A., et al.
(författare)
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Potentiometric urea biosensor utilizing nanobiocomposite of chitosan-iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles
- 2013
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Ingår i: 21st International Laser Physics Workshop 23–27 July 2012, Calgary, Canada. - : Institute of Physics (IOP).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The iron oxide (Fe3O4) magnetic nanoparticles have been fabricated through a simple, cheap and reproducible approach. Scanning electron microscope, x-rays powder diffraction of the fabricated nanoparticles. Furthermore, the fabrication of potentiometric urea biosensor is carried out through drop casting the initially prepared isopropanol and chitosan solution, containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles, on the glass fiber filter with a diameter of 2 cm and a copper wire (of thickness −500 μm) has been utilized to extract the voltage signal from the functionalized nanoparticles. The functionalization of surface of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles is obtained by the electrostatically immobilization of urease onto the nanobiocomposite of the chitosan- Fe3O4 in order to enhance the sensitivity, specificity, stability and reusability of urea biosensor. Electrochemical detection procedure has been adopted to measure the potentiometric response over the wide logarithmic concentration range of the 0.1 mM to 80 mM. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles based urea biosensor depicts good sensitivity with ~42 mV per decade at room temperature. Durability of the biosensor could be considerably enhanced by applying a thin layer of the nafion. In addition, the reasonably stable output response of the biosensor has been found to be around 12 sec.
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| 6. |
- Ali, Salahaldin S., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of selected site location for subsurface dam construction within Isayi watershed using GIS and RS Garmiyan area, Kurdistan region
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Water Resource and Protection. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 1945-3094 .- 1945-3108. ; 6:11, s. 972-987
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Garmiyan area suffers from many water problems such as poor rainfall rate, water shortage, aridity and absence of groundwater in many places. Hence the subsurface dam is the best solution due to many advantages such as; low cost of construction, least maintenance, low evaporation, no con-tamination, utilization of the land over the dam and better storage. The objective of this study is to evaluate the suitability of the selected site location for subsurface dam construction, to serve as strategic water supply storage, to solute the aridity and water shortage in this area of arid to semi arid climate in Isayi watershed within the stream deposits.Geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing through satellite images and Digital El-evation Model (DEM) interpretation and analysis have facilitated the investigation with more ac-curacy. ArcGIS helped in construction of thematic maps of the studied area.The geologic, structural, geomorphologic, hydrologic, hydrogeologic, characteristics with GPR survey show the suitability of the selected site location for construction of subsurface dam. According to the standard water quality for domestic, irrigation and livestock the water quality of all water samples are within the recommended range and the best time to be chosen, for construction of the subsurface dam, is during the autumn season from September to November.
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| 7. |
- AlSalhi, M S., et al.
(författare)
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Growth and characterization of ZnO nanowires for optical applications
- 2013
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Ingår i: Laser physics. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 1054-660X .- 1555-6611. ; 23:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present work, cerium oxide CeO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol-gel method and used for the growth of ZnO nanorods. The synthesized nanoparticles were studied by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopic techniques. Furthermore, these nanoparticles were used as the seed layer for the growth of ZnO nanorods by following the hydrothermal growth method. The structural study of ZnO nanorods was carried out by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and XRD techniques. This study demonstrated that the grown ZnO nanorods are well aligned, uniform, of good crystal quality and have diameters of less than 200 nm. Energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis revealed that the ZnO nanorods are composed only of zinc, cerium as the seed atom, and oxygen atoms, with no other impurities in the grown nanorods. Moreover, a photoluminescence (PL) approach was applied for the optical characterization, and it was observed that the near-band-edge (NBE) emission was the same as that of the zinc acetate seed layer, however the green and orange/red emission peaks were slightly raised due to possibly higher levels of defects in the cerium oxide seeded ZnO nanorods. This study provides an alternative approach for the controlled synthesis of ZnO nanorods using cerium oxide nanoparticles as the seed nucleation layer, improving both the morphology of the nanorods and the performance of devices based upon them.
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| 8. |
- Godoy, Patricio, et al.
(författare)
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Recent advances in 2D and 3D in vitro systems using primary hepatocytes, alternative hepatocyte sources and non-parenchymal liver cells and their use in investigating mechanisms of hepatotoxicity, cell signaling and ADME
- 2013
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Ingår i: Archives of Toxicology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-5761 .- 1432-0738. ; 87:8, s. 1315-1530
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review encompasses the most important advances in liver functions and hepatotoxicity and analyzes which mechanisms can be studied in vitro. In a complex architecture of nested, zonated lobules, the liver consists of approximately 80 % hepatocytes and 20 % non-parenchymal cells, the latter being involved in a secondary phase that may dramatically aggravate the initial damage. Hepatotoxicity, as well as hepatic metabolism, is controlled by a set of nuclear receptors (including PXR, CAR, HNF-4 alpha, FXR, LXR, SHP, VDR and PPAR) and signaling pathways. When isolating liver cells, some pathways are activated, e.g., the RAS/MEK/ERK pathway, whereas others are silenced (e.g. HNF-4 alpha), resulting in up- and downregulation of hundreds of genes. An understanding of these changes is crucial for a correct interpretation of in vitro data. The possibilities and limitations of the most useful liver in vitro systems are summarized, including three-dimensional culture techniques, co-cultures with non-parenchymal cells, hepatospheres, precision cut liver slices and the isolated perfused liver. Also discussed is how closely hepatoma, stem cell and iPS cell-derived hepatocyte-like-cells resemble real hepatocytes. Finally, a summary is given of the state of the art of liver in vitro and mathematical modeling systems that are currently used in the pharmaceutical industry with an emphasis on drug metabolism, prediction of clearance, drug interaction, transporter studies and hepatotoxicity. One key message is that despite our enthusiasm for in vitro systems, we must never lose sight of the in vivo situation. Although hepatocytes have been isolated for decades, the hunt for relevant alternative systems has only just begun.
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| 9. |
- Hussain Ibupoto, Zafar, et al.
(författare)
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Well aligned ZnO nanorods growth on the gold coated glass substrate by aqueous chemical growth method using seed layer of Fe3O4 and Co3O4 nanoparticles
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Crystal Growth. - : Elsevier. - 0022-0248 .- 1873-5002. ; 368, s. 39-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, Fe3O4 and Co3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation method and sol-gel method respectively. The synthesised nanoparticles were characterised by X-ray diffraction [XRD] and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The obtained results have shown the nanocrystalline phase of obtained Fe3O4 and Co3O4 nanoparticles. Furthermore, the Fe3O4 and Co3O4 nanoparticles were used as seed layer for the fabrication of well-aligned ZnO nanorods on the gold coated glass substrate by aqueous chemical growth method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy [HRTEM], as well as XRD and energy dispersive X-ray techniques were used for the structural characterisation of synthesised ZnO nanorods. This study has explored highly dense, uniform, well-aligned growth pattern along 0001 direction and good crystal quality of the prepared ZnO nanorods. ZnO nanorods are only composed of Zn and O atoms. Moreover, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used for the chemical analysis of fabricated ZnO nanorods. In addition, the structural characterisation and the chemical composition study and the optical investigation were carried out for the fabricated ZnO nanorods and the photoluminescence [PL] spectrum have shown strong ultraviolet (UV) peak at 381 nm for Fe3O4 nanoparticles seeded ZnO nanorods and the PL spectrum for ZnO nanorods grown with the seed layer of Co3O4 nanoparticles has shown a UV peak at 382 nm. The green emission and orange/red peaks were also observed for ZnO nanorods grown with both the seed layers. This study has indicated the fabrication of well aligned ZnO nanorods using the one inorganic nanomaterial on other inorganic nanomaterial due to their similar chemistry.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Khalaf, H, et al.
(författare)
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The First Liver Transplant in Qatar
- 2012
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Ingår i: LIVER TRANSPLANTATION. - 1527-6465. ; 18, s. S279-S279
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 12. |
- Khun, Kimleang, et al.
(författare)
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Potentiometric glucose sensor based on the glucose oxidase immobilized iron ferrite magnetic particle/chitosan composite modified gold coated glass electrode
- 2012
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Ingår i: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical. - : Elsevier. - 0925-4005 .- 1873-3077. ; 173, s. 698-703
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A potentiometric glucose sensor based on the glucose oxidase immobilized on iron ferrite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles/chitosan composite modified gold coated glass substrate was fabricated. The electrode has advantages of both the inorganic Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and the organic substance chitosan. The freshly prepared iron ferrite magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (xRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique was used for the analysis of dispersed iron ferrite magnetic nanoparticles in the mixture of glucose oxidase and chitosan. The electrostatic interaction of Fe3O4 nanoparticles with chitosan and the glucose oxidase molecules was investigated by the infra-red reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) study. The glucose oxidase enzyme was immobilized on the surface of iron ferrite/chitosan composite without the use of Nafion or cross linker molecules. The fabricated glucose sensor has shown acceptable potentiometric response for the wide range of glucose concentrations from 1.0 x 10(-6) to 3.0 x 10(-2) M. The sensor electrode showed a sensitivity of 27.3 +/- 0.8 mV/decade and also fast response time of 7.0s. Moreover, the present glucose sensor has demonstrated good reproducibility, repeatability, selectivity and the storage stability. All the obtained results indicated that the glucose sensor based on the glucose oxidase immobilized iron ferrite/chitosan composite modified gold coated glass electrode can be used for the monitoring of glucose concentrations in human serum, drugs and may be applicable to detect glucose in the presence of other analytes.
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| 13. |
- Najmoddin, Najmeh, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of nanoconfinement on the formation, structural transition and magnetic behavior of mesoporous copper ferrite
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 598, s. 191-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Superparamagnetic, cubic single phase, ordered mesoporous copper ferrite is synthesized through confinement in nanocages of mesoporous silica. The heat generated during the reaction is conserved in the silica template pore channels, which allows the formation of copper ferrite at a relatively low processing temperature. The Jahn-Teller distortion is suppressed due to the effect of nanoconfinement and thus the high temperature phase of cubic copper ferrite is stabilized at room temperature. The particle size obtained from TEM, the crystallite size calculated from XRD and the magnetic domain size estimated from magnetization measurements are all in good agreement, manifesting the significant role of the confinement in the growth and fabrication of crystalline, single magnetic domain, nanoparticles with superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature.
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| 14. |
- Parikka, K., et al.
(författare)
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Thermally stable hydrogels from enzymatically oxidized polysaccharides
- 2012
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Ingår i: Food Hydrocolloids. - : Elsevier. - 0268-005X .- 1873-7137. ; 26:1, s. 212-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polysaccharides guar galactomannan (guar gum), locust bean galactomannan (locust bean gum) and tamarind galactoxyloglucan were selectively oxidized by galactose oxidase. The degrees of oxidation of the products were 18-28% for guar galactomannan, 10-16% for locust bean galactomannan and 12-14% for tamarind galactoxyloglucan, calculated from the ratio of oxidized galactose units and total carbohydrates. The rheological properties of the unoxidized and oxidized polysaccharide solutions were investigated by determining their viscosities, storage and loss moduli, and temperature dependence of moduli from 20 °C to 90 °C. All the studied oxidized polysaccharides formed hydrogels throughout the entire temperature range. Concentration (0.2-1% w/v) and degree of oxidation had an effect on the gel formation. The oxidized galactomannans formed stable gels already in low concentrations, such as 0.2-0.4% w/v, while oxidized galactoxyloglucan required a concentration of 0.8% w/v to be stable up to 90 °C. The oxidized polysaccharide hydrogels are highly potential materials for food and medical applications requiring thermal stability.
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