| 1. |
- Campbell, JD, et al.
(författare)
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Peptide immunotherapy in allergic asthma generates IL-10-dependent immunological tolerance associated with linked epitope suppression
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Journal of experimental medicine. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 1540-9538 .- 0022-1007. ; 206:7, s. 1535-1547
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Treatment of patients with allergic asthma using low doses of peptides containing T cell epitopes from Fel d 1, the major cat allergen, reduces allergic sensitization and improves surrogate markers of disease. Here, we demonstrate a key immunological mechanism, linked epitope suppression, associated with this therapeutic effect. Treatment with selected epitopes from a single allergen resulted in suppression of responses to other (“linked”) epitopes within the same molecule. This phenomenon was induced after peptide immunotherapy in human asthmatic subjects and in a novel HLA-DR1 transgenic mouse model of asthma. Tracking of allergen-specific T cells using DR1 tetramers determined that suppression was associated with the induction of interleukin (IL)-10+ T cells that were more abundant than T cells specific for the single-treatment peptide and was reversed by anti–IL-10 receptor administration. Resolution of airway pathophysiology in this model was associated with reduced recruitment, proliferation, and effector function of allergen-specific Th2 cells. Our results provide, for the first time, in vivo evidence of linked epitope suppression and IL-10 induction in both human allergic disease and a mouse model designed to closely mimic peptide therapy in humans.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Simonsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Consequence of industrialized construction methods on the working environment
- 2007
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Ingår i: Lean Construction. - East Lansing : Michigan State University Press. ; , s. 302-311
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traditionally, the working environment has been poor especially when it comes to steel reinforcement and concrete casting on construction sites. Industrialised construction methods such as self compacting concrete (SCC) casting and prefabricated steel reinforcement are creating a basis for an improved working environment. By using these methods, it is assumed that the cost for sick leaves due to ergonomic injuries and accidents are reduced as health and safety risks inherent to the traditional working methods are decreased. Observations along with video filming and informal interviews were performed. With a sequence-based activity method ErgoSAM, an ergonomic risk analysis was conducted. The analysis showed that industrialised methods reduced ergonomic workload on concrete workers. The industrialisation of the production process through the introduction of innovative construction methods has benefited the construction workplace environment as well as the customer value in terms of improved material handling, elimination of additional adverse affect on health of handling vibrating tools, reduced on site congestion and reduced over all material costs.
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| 5. |
- Bernstad, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Life cycle assessment of a household solid waste source separation programme: a Swedish case study.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Waste Management & Research. - 1096-3669. ; 29, s. 1027-1042
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The environmental impact of an extended property close source-separation system for solid household waste (i.e. a systems for collection of recyclables from domestic properties) is investigated in a residential area in southern Sweden. Since 2001, households have been able to source-separate waste into six fractions of dry recyclables and food waste sorting. The current system was evaluated using the EASEWASTE life cycle assessment tool. Current status is compared with an ideal scenario in which households display perfect source-separation behaviour and a scenario without any material recycling. Results show that current recycling provides substantial environmental benefits compared to a non-recycling alternative. The environmental benefit varies greatly between recyclable fractions, and the recyclables currently most frequently source-separated by households are often not the most beneficial from an environmental perspective. With optimal source-separation of all recyclables, the current net contribution to global warming could be changed to a net-avoidance while current avoidance of nutrient enrichment, acidification and photochemical ozone formation could be doubled. Sensitivity analyses show that thetype of energy substituted by incineration of non-recycled waste, as well as energy used in recycling processes and in the production of materials substituted by waste recycling, is of high relevance for the attained results.
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| 6. |
- Carpenter, D, et al.
(författare)
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Genetics of susceptibility to malaria related phenotypes
- 2009
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Ingår i: Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 1567-1348. ; 9:1, s. 97-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Cedervall, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
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Maintaining well-being and selfhood through physical activity : experiences of people with mild Alzheimer's disease
- 2015
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Ingår i: Aging & Mental Health. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1360-7863 .- 1364-6915. ; 19:8, s. 679-688
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To contribute to furthering the understanding of how people with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) reason about physical activity as part of everyday life, with a specific focus on the meanings attached to such activity. Method: In-depth interviews were conducted with 14 individuals with mild AD. Qualitative content analysis was used to interpret the data. Results: The analysis revealed three sub-themes reflecting interrelated perspectives on how people with mild AD reason about physical activity: (1) striving to be physically active, mirrors the concrete approaches used for handling the consequences of having AD in relation to being active; (2) perceptions of physical activity, reflect how their thoughts and beliefs regarding written and tacit norms encouraged them to remain physically active, and (3) physical activity as a means to well-being, alludes to feelings and emotions related to the performance of physical activity. Interpretation of the underlying patterns in these sub-themes revealed one overarching theme: Physical activity as a means to selfhood maintenance, which suggests that physical activity can help to shift the focus from the dementia diagnosis (i.e. ill health) to a more healthy and able self. Conclusion: The findings suggest that physical activity, apart from maintaining body functions, can be a way to sustain well-being and selfhood in mild AD. This aspect of physical activity is important to consider in research, policy and practice when addressing the needs of people with dementia.
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| 11. |
- Clark, Heather, et al.
(författare)
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Too scattered to provide a critical mass?
- 1999
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Ingår i: Modern organizations and emerging conundrums. - Lexington : Jossey-Bass. - 0739100017 ; , s. 309-21
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 12. |
- Cosic, Alija, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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A novel concept of a Transverse Flux Linear Free-Piston Generator
- 2005
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the electrical machine, which is one of the important parts in the FreePiston Energy Converter (FPEC). In the previous work it was found that one of the best candidate suitablefor the FPEC is a Transverse Flux Machine (TFM) due to the very tough requirements on the electrical ma-chine such as a low weight of the translator (movable part in the machine).This paper presents a new conceptof a linear TFM in which strong emphasis has been put to achieve a design that is simple to manufacture.Different types of the magnet confgurations on the translator have been investigated. It has been found thatthe buried magnet design suffers from a very high leakage to the nearby poles and is thus not suitable forthis type of machine. Another confguration, which has been investigated, is the surface mounted magnetconfguration. Analytical models for this confguration have been established. It has been found that thetough requirements, 4kN from a 6kg movable mass, can be achieved at the required speed, specifc powerand effciency
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Falletta, Stefano, et al.
(författare)
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Finite-size corrections of defect energy levels involving ionic polarization
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - 2469-9969 .- 2469-9950. ; 102:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We develop a scheme for finite-size corrections of vertical transition energies and single-particle energy levels involving defect states with built-in ionic polarization in supercell calculations. The method accounts on an equal footing for the screening of the electrons and of the ionic polarization charge arising from the lattice distortions. We demonstrate the accuracy of our corrections for various defects in MgO and in water by comparing with the dilute limit achieved through the scaling of the system size. The general validity of our formulation is also confirmed through a sum rule that connects vertical transition energies with the formation energies of structurally relaxed defects.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Heiwe, S, et al.
(författare)
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Twelve weeks of exercise training increases muscle function and walking capacity in elderly predialysis patients and healthy subjects
- 2001
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Ingår i: Nephron. - : S. Karger AG. - 1660-8151 .- 2235-3186. ; 88:1, s. 48-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Muscle function declines with age and progressive uraemia. We examined whether elderly predialysis patients could improve thigh muscle function, walking capacity, and functional mobility to the same extent as elderly healthy subjects when participating in 12 weeks of individual muscle endurance exercises for the thigh as well as in a low-intensive group programme. The uraemic exercise and comparison groups comprised 16 patients (age 76 ± 7 years, glomerular filtration rate 18 ± 5 ml/min) and 9 patients (age 72 ± 6 years, glomerular filtration rate 16 ± 5 ml/min), respectively. The healthy exercise and comparison groups comprised 18 subjects (age 75 ± 7 years) and 5 subjects (age 79 ± 4 years), respectively. Muscular strength, dynamic endurance, walking capacity, and functional mobility increased significantly in both the uraemic and the healthy exercise groups after 12 weeks of regular muscle endurance exercise training, whereas there was no significant change in static muscle endurance and quality of life in either group. None of the values changed for the uraemic comparison group nor the healthy comparison group during the observation period. Elderly predialysis patients had lower muscle function and mobility as compared with elderly healthy subjects, but were able to improve both after 12 weeks of exercise training to the same extent as elderly healthy subjects.
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| 17. |
- Henry, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Presence of hydrogen in SiC
- 2001
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Ingår i: Materials Science Forum, Vols. 353-356. ; , s. 373-376, s. 373-376
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An unexpected presence of hydrogen in 4H-SiC was revealed by the observation of hydrogen related lines in the low-temperature photoluminescence (LTPL) spectrum after secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) measurements. The lines were not observed before SIMS. The high-energy ions during SIMS are proposed to break the boron-hydrogen bonds. This phenomenon is observable only for a certain impurity concentration in the material due to the competition of various recombination channels during the LTPL experiment.
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| 18. |
- Herre, Lars, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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On the electromagnetic coupling of AC and DC circuits on hybrid transmission towers
- 2016
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Ingår i: IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON). - Leuven : IEEE. - 9781467384636 ; , s. 1-6
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transmission system limits, originating from right-of-way permission processes for new corridors, can be surpassed by erecting new circuits in close proximity, or even on common structures. Especially for long distance bulk power transfer, high voltage direct current technology promises superior features. Adding a circuit to a transmission corridor is one method of significantly increasing power transfer capability. Converting an existing AC circuit for DC operation is another method that additionally decreases investment in new lines and towers. Consequences of such application are various AC/DC interaction phenomena on either AC or DC lines for both steady and transient conditions. This paper presents a study on AC/DC transmission system interactions for a hybrid tower configuration. In normal operation DC voltage showed no significant fundamental AC frequency component, while induced transient overvoltages displayed notable levels.
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| 19. |
- Hughes, B. P., et al.
(författare)
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System theory and safety models in Swedish, UK, Dutch and Australian road safety strategies
- 2014
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Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Road safety strategies represent interventions on a complex social technical system level. An understanding of a theoretical basis and description is required for strategies to be structured and developed. Road safety strategies are described as systems, but have not been related to the theory, principles and basis by which systems have been developed and analysed. Recently, road safety strategies, which have been employed for many years in different countries, have moved to a 'vision zero', or 'safe system' style. The aim of this study was to analyse the successful Swedish, United Kingdom and Dutch road safety strategies against the older, and newer, Australian road safety strategies, with respect to their foundations in system theory and safety models. Analysis of the strategies against these foundations could indicate potential improvements. The content of four modern cases of road safety strategy was compared against each other, reviewed against scientific systems theory and reviewed against types of safety model. The strategies contained substantial similarities, but were different in terms of fundamental constructs and principles, with limited theoretical basis. The results indicate that the modern strategies do not include essential aspects of systems theory that describe relationships and interdependencies between key components. The description of these strategies as systems is therefore not well founded and deserves further development.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Hughes, Claire, et al.
(författare)
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Worrying in the wings? Negative emotional birth memories in mothers and fathers show similar associations with perinatal mood disturbance and delivery mode.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Archives of Women's Mental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-1816 .- 1435-1102.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Negative birth experiences can lead to symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in new mothers but have received much less attention in new fathers. A sample of 314 first-time expectant couples rated their symptoms of anxiety and depression in the third trimester and at 4-month post birth (227 vaginal delivery, 87 caesarean section), when they also completed the emotional memories subscale of the BirthMARQ (Foley et al. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 14, 211, 2014). We first examined mode of delivery (vaginal birth versus caesarean section) as a predictor of mothers' and fathers' BirthMARQ scores. Next, we used actor-partner interdependence model (APIM) to investigate intra- and interpersonal associations between birth experiences and maternal/paternal latent factors for antenatal and postnatal depression/anxiety. Reports of negative birth experiences were more common for mothers than fathers and for parents of babies born by caesarean section than by vaginal delivery. Within-couple agreement was moderately strong and, for both parents at both time-points, individual differences in negative birth memories were associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety. Negative birth memories also played a mediating role in the association between birth via caesarean section and reduced postnatal maternal wellbeing. Given the striking similarities between mothers and fathers in links between birth experiences and wellbeing, our findings highlight the need for partner-inclusive intervention strategies.
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| 23. |
- Hughes, Diarmaid, 1956-
(författare)
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Both genes for EF-Tu in Salmonella typhimurium are individually dispensible for growth
- 1990
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Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Biology. - 0022-2836 .- 1089-8638. ; 215:1, s. 41-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Each of the two genes encoding EF-Tu in Salmonella typhimurium has been inactivated using a mini-Mu MudJ insertion. Eleven independently isolated insertions are described, six in tufA and five in tufB. Transduction analysis shows that the inserted MudJ is 100% linked to the appropriate tuf gene. A mutant strain with electrophoretically distinguishable EF-TuA and EF-TuB was used to show, on two-dimensional gels, that the MudJ insertions result in the loss of the appropriate EF-Tu protein. Southern blotting, using cloned Escherichia coli tuf sequences as probes, shows that each MudJ insertion results in the physical breakage of the appropriate tuf gene. The degree of growth-rate impairment associated with each tuf inactivation is independent of which tuf gene is inactivated. The viability of S. typhimurium strains with either tuf gene inactive contrasts strongly with data suggesting that in the closely related bacterium E. coli, an active tufA gene is essential for growth. Finally the strains described here facilitate the analysis of phenotypes associated with individual mutant or wild-type Tus both in vivo and in vitro.
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| 24. |
- Jin, Binghan, et al.
(författare)
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Abdominal Adiposity and Total Body Fat as Predictors of Cardiometabolic Health in Children and Adolescents With Obesity
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Endocrinology. - : FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. - 1664-2392. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective:We aimed to assess the role of adipose tissue distribution in cardiometabolic risk (in particular insulin sensitivity) in a population of children and adolescents with obesity. Methods:In this cross-sectional study, participants were 479 children and adolescents with obesity (322 boys and 157 girls) aged 3 to 18 years attending the Children's Hospital at Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Hangzhou, China). Clinical assessments included anthropometry, body composition (DXA scans), carotid artery ultrasounds, and OGTT. Insulin sensitivity was assessed using the Matsuda index. Participants were stratified into groups by sex and pubertal stage. Key predictors were DXA-derived android-to-gynoid-fat ratio (A/G) and total body fat percentage (TBF%). Results:Irrespective of sex and pubertal stage, there was a strong association between increasing A/G (i.e., greater abdominal adiposity) and lower insulin sensitivity. In multivariable models, every 0.1 increase in A/G was associated with a reduction in insulin sensitivity in prepubertal boys [-29% (95% CI -36%, -20%);p< 0.0001], pubertal boys [-13% (95% CI -21%, -6%);p= 0.001], and pubertal girls [-16% (95% CI -24%, -6%);p= 0.002]. In contrast, TBF% was not associated with insulin sensitivity when A/G was adjusted for, irrespective of pubertal stage or sex. In addition, every 0.1 increase in A/G was associated with increased likelihood of dyslipidemia in prepubertal boys [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.62 (95% CI 1.05, 2.49)], impaired glucose tolerance in pubertal boys [aOR 1.64 (95% CI 1.07, 2.51)] and pubertal girls [aOR 1.81 (95% CI 1.10, 2.98)], and odds of NAFLD in both prepubertal [aOR 2.57 (95% CI 1.56, 4.21)] and pubertal [aOR 1.69 (95% CI 1.18, 2.40)] boys. In contrast, higher TBF% was only associated with higher fasting insulin and ALT in pubertal boys, being also predictive of NAFLD in this group [aOR 1.15 per percentage point (95% CI 1.06, 1.26)], but was not associated with the likelihood of other cardiometabolic outcomes assessed in any group. Conclusions:A/G is a much stronger independent predictor of cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents with obesity in China, particularly glucose metabolism.
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