| 1. |
- Agüero, Ramón, et al.
(författare)
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RRM Challenges for Non-Conventional and Low-Cost Networks in Ambient Networks
- 2005
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an overview of the Radio Resource Management (RRM) functionalities needed for Non-Conventional and Low-Cost Networks. These types of networks are characterized by increased cooperation between different types of networks and providers and they are believed to play a fundamental role for future wireless network networking. The paper describes three specific concepts, which latter is used to identify new RRM challenges. In addition, it identifies the relation between the RRM challenges and the Ambient Networks architecture and functionalities, in particular the multiradio resource management functionality.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bálint, Adám, et al.
(författare)
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The first Swedish H1N2 swine influenza virus isolate represents an uncommon reassortant
- 2009
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Ingår i: Virology Journal. - 1743-422X. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European swine influenza viruses (SIVs) show considerable diversity comprising different types of H1N1, H3N2, and H1N2 strains. The intensifying full genome sequencing efforts reveal further reassortants within these subtypes. Here we report the identification of an uncommon reassortant variant of H1N2 subtype influenza virus isolated from a pig in a multisite herd where H1N2 swine influenza was diagnosed for the first time in Sweden during the winter of 2008-2009. The majority of the European H1N2 swine influenza viruses described so far possess haemagglutinin (HA) of the human-like H1N2 SIV viruses and the neuraminidase (NA) of either the European H1N2 or H3N2 SIV-like viruses. The Swedish isolate has an avian-like SIV HA and a H3N2 SIV-like NA, which is phylogenetically more closely related to H3N2 SIV NAs from isolates collected in the early '80s than to the NA of H3N2 origin of the H1N2 viruses isolated during the last decade, as depicted by some German strains, indicative of independent acquisition of the NA genes for these two types of reassortants. The internal genes proved to be entirely of avian-like SIV H1N1 origin. The prevalence of this SIV variant in pig populations needs to be determined, as well as the suitability of the routinely used laboratory reagents to analyze this strain.The description of this H1N2 SIV adds further information to influenza epidemiology and supports the necessity of surveillance for influenza viruses in pigs.
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| 4. |
- Berenjian, Saideh, 1963-
(författare)
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Construction of Adenovirus Vectors for Studies of Protein Function and RNA Interference
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During an adenovirus infection the accumulation of alternatively spliced mRNAs is subjected to a tight temporal regulation. The IIIa protein is a structural protein expressed exclusively late after infection. To study the significance of the restricted IIIa protein expression we used a Tet-ON regulated adenoviral vector to overexpress the IIIa protein during the early phase of infection. The results show that unregulated IIIa protein expression caused a reduction in late viral protein accumulation and a slight block of viral DNA replication. Further, the results indicate that IIIa splicing might be subjected to a regulation via a feed back loop stimulating its own expression. To improve the efficacy of vectors for regulated transgene expression, we constructed binary adenoviral vectors based on the Tet-ON and Tet-OFF systems. These vectors encode both the transcriptional activator and the tetracycline-regulated expression cassette from the same viral unit, ensuring that each infected cell will express both the activator and the reporter gene. In model experiments this system was shown to result in a tight control of gene expression with no detectable background expression of the transgene and induction levels reaching 500-600 fold. Introduction of dsRNA into a cell will induce a sequence specific degradation of the homologous mRNA via a mechanism named RNA interference (RNAi). The adenovirus VA RNAs are short highly structured RNAs that are expressed in large amounts late during an adenovirus infection. Here we showed that both VA RNAI and VA RNAII functions as virus-encoded suppressors of RNAi, by interfering with the activity of Dicer, the enzyme that cleaves the initial dsRNA to short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that mediate RNAi. Further, the VA RNAs themselves are substrates for Dicer and are cleaved into siRNAs in vivo that are incorporated into active RNA-induced silencing complexes. There is a great interest in developing novel therapeutic strategies based on RNAi. We constructed adenoviral vectors that express short hairpin RNAs, which in vivo will be cleaved to siRNAs that induce sequence-specific RNAi. We compared the efficiency of RNAi induced by vectors based on the viral VA RNAI and the human U6 promoters. Our results suggest that under conditions where the recombinant virus does not replicate, the VA RNA promoter is more effective in down regulating target gene expression, whereas the U6 promoter was more effective under replicative conditions.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Berg, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Lack of sex differences in the IGF-IGFBP response to ultra endurance exercise.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 18:6, s. 706-714
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-IGF binding proteins (BP) and the pituitary-gonadal axes were investigated during ultra endurance exercise in 16 endurance-trained athletes (seven women). Median duration of the race was 6.3 days. Although food and drink were ad libitum, energy balance was negative. Blood samples were drawn before (PRE), at the end of (END) and 24 h after (POST24h) the race. Serum concentrations of total IGF-I (t-IGF-I) and free IGF-I (f-IGF-I) decreased by 33 (SD 38)% and 54 (19)%, respectively. The decrease in t-IGF-I appeared to be associated to the total energy deficit during the race. At END, the IGFBP-3 fragmentation and IGFBP-1 were increased but these changes did not predict changes in f-IGF-I. An increase in POST24h IGFBP-2 levels in women was the only sex difference. Testosterone was decreased by 67 (12)% in the men and estradiol became undetectable in the women without any detectable increase in LH and/or FSH. In conclusion ultra endurance exercise results in similar IGF-IGFBP responses in men and women reflecting a catabolic state. IGFBP-2 was the only exception, with increased levels in women after exercise. A concomitant decrease in gonadal hormones was not related to endocrine changes in the IGF-IGFBP axis but may be related to local changes in IGF-I expression.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bjursell, Mikael, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Opposing effects of adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 on energy metabolism
- 2007
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Ingår i: DIABETES. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 56:3, s. 583-593
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adipocyte-derived hormone adiponectin regulates glucose and lipid metabolism and influences the risk for developing obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Adiponectin binds to two different seven-transmembrane domain receptors termed AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. To study the physiological importance of these receptors, AdipoR1 gene knockout mice (AdipoR1−/−) and AdipoR2 gene knockout mice (AdipoR2−/−) were generated. AdipoR1−/− mice showed increased adiposity associated with decreased glucose tolerance, spontaneous locomotor activity, and energy expenditure. However, AdipoR2−/− mice were lean and resistant to high-fat diet–induced obesity associated with improved glucose tolerance and higher spontaneous locomotor activity and energy expenditure and reduced plasma cholesterol levels. Thus, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 are clearly involved in energy metabolism but have opposing effects.
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| 9. |
- Blomström, Anne-Lie, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of a novel porcine boca-like virus in the background of porcine circovirus type 2 induced postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome
- 2009
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Ingår i: Virus Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1702 .- 1872-7492. ; 146, s. 125-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) has been found to be the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). However, PCV-2 is a ubiquitous virus in the swine population and a majority of pigs infected with PCV-2 do not develop the disease. Different factors such as age, maintenance, the genetics of PCV-2, other pathogens, etc. have been suggested to contribute to the development of PMWS. However, so far no proven connection between any of these factors and the disease development has been found. In this study we explored the possible presence of other so far unknown DNA containing infectious agents in lymph nodes collected from Swedish pigs with confirmed PMWS through random amplification and high-throughput sequencing. Although the vast majority of the amplified genetic sequences belonged to PCV-2, we also found genome sequences of Torque Teno virus (TTV) and of a novel parvovirus. The detection of TTV was expected since like PCV-2, TTV has been found to have high prevalence in pigs around the world. We were able to amplify a longer region of the parvovirus genome, consisting of the entire NP1 and partial VP1/2. By comparative analysis of the nucleotide sequences and phylogenetic studies we propose that this is a novel porcine parvovirus, with genetic relationship to bocaviruses. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Escutenaire, Sophie, et al.
(författare)
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SYBR Green real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay for the generic detection of coronaviruses
- 2007
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Ingår i: Archives of Virology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0304-8608 .- 1432-8798. ; 152:1, s. 41-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coronaviruses are etiologic agents of respiratory and enteric diseases in humans and in animals. In this study, a one-step real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay based on SYBR Green chemistry and degenerate primers was developed for the generic detection of coronaviruses. The primers, designed in the open reading frame 1b, enabled the detection of 32 animal coronaviruses including strains of canine coronavirus, feline coronavirus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), murine hepatitis virus (MHV) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). A specific amplification was also observed with the human coronaviruses (HCoV) HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). The real-time RT-PCR detected down to 10 cRNA copies from TGEV, BCoV, SARS-CoV and IBV. In addition, the assay exhibited a high sensitivity and specificity on clinical samples from different animal species. The developed assay represents a potential tool for laboratory diagnostics and for detecting still uncharacterized coronaviruses.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Fagerström, Alexandra, et al.
(författare)
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New propranolol analogues: binding and chiral discrimination by cellobiohydrolase Cel7A
- 2006
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Ingår i: Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-0539. ; 4:16, s. 3067-3076
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Novel propranolol analogues have been designed and synthesised and their enantioselective binding to the cellulose degrading enzyme, Cel7A, has been evaluated. Affinity and enantioselectivity have been determined by capillary electrophoresis experiments. Ligands with significantly improved affinity and selectivity have been obtained and an analysis of the results has led to insights concerning the relation between the changes in ligand structure and selectivity as well as affinity to the protein.
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| 13. |
- Fagerström, Alexandra, et al.
(författare)
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pH dependency of ligand binding to cellobiohydrolase 1 (Cel7A) - Affinity, selectivity and inhibition for designed propranolol analogues
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9673. ; 1138:1-2, s. 276-283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The affinity and enantioselectivity have been determined for designed propranolol derivatives as ligands for Cel7A by capillary electrophoresis (CE) at pH 7.0. These results have been compared to measurements at pH 5.0. In agreement with previous studies, the affinity increased at the higher pH. However, the affinity was not as dependent of the ligand structure at pH 7.0 as at pH 5.0, and the selectivity was generally decreased. Instead, at pH 7.0, the changes in binding were mainly dependent on the presence of additional dihydroxyl groups, indicating an increased importance of the electrostatic interactions. To evaluate the pH dependent variations in binding, changes in both the ligand and in the enzyme had to be taken into account. To ensure that the ligands had the same charge in all measurements, pKa-values of all compounds were determined. The ligand-protein interaction has also been studied by inhibition experiments at both pHs to evaluate the specific binding to the active site when competing with the substrate p-nitrophenyl lactoside (pNPL). With support of docking computations we propose a hypothesis on the effect of the ligand structure and pH dependency of the binding and selectivity of amino alcohols to Cel7A. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Koudouridis, George, et al.
(författare)
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Feasibility Studies and Architecture for Multi-Radio Access in Ambient networks
- 2005
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ambient Networks is a new networking concept that targets forthcoming dynamic communication environments; characterized by presence of a multitude of different wireless devices, radio access technologies and network operators that can form instant inter-network agreements with each other. In order to facilitate such dynamically composed networks a Multi-radio Access (MRA) architecture has been devised consisting of Multi-Radio Resource Management (MRRM) and Generic Link Layer (GLL) functionality. One of the key objectives of the MRA architecture is the efficient utilization of the multi-radio resources by means of effective radio access selection mechanisms. In this paper the functions of MRRM and GLL and their role in multi-radio access selection are explained. In addition, the results from a series of evaluation studies are presented emphasizing the scenarios where MRA approach shows significant gains in the overall system performance. This work has been performed as part of the Ambient Networks project, an integrated project within the EU IST 6th Framework Programme.
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| 19. |
- Moreno-lopez, Jorge, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of T-cell responses and viral mRNA persistence in lymph nodes of pigs infected with porcine rubulavirus
- 2009
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Ingår i: Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-2427 .- 1873-2534. ; 127, s. 148-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Selected lymphocyte subpopulations were studied and the distribution of viral mRNA were investigated during acute and persistent porcine rubulavirus (PoRV-LPMV) infection in Vietnamese pot-bellied pigs. Six pigs infected with PoRV-LPMV at 17 days of age exhibited clinical signs 7-10 days post-inoculation (pi). One infected piglet died 11 days pi while the other five recovered around day 13 pi and survived until euthanasia on day 277 pi. Increased numbers of CD8+, CD4+ and CD2+ T cells were detected during the acute phase of infection while CD8+ cells were elevated throughout the infection, including during the persistent stage. Specific antibodies against the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein of PoRV-LPMV were detected during persistent infection. Although infectious virus could not be recovered from tissues from any of the infected pigs at necropsy 277 days pi, PoRV-LPMV mRNA was detected in lymph nodes, pancreas and central nervous system using a nested polymerase chain reaction technique. Continued lymphocyte interaction with viral RNA may be an important factor in promoting cellular and humoral responses during persistent PoRV-LPMV infection. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 20. |
- Nilsson, K. Peter R., et al.
(författare)
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Imaging distinct conformational states of amyloid-beta fibrils in Alzheimer's disease using novel luminescent probes
- 2007
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Ingår i: ACS Chemical Biology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1554-8929 .- 1554-8937. ; 2:8, s. 553-560
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using luminescent conjugated polyelectrolyte probes (LCPs), we demonstrate the possibility to distinguish amyloid-β 1–42 peptide (Aβ1–42) fibril conformations, by analyzing in vitro generated amyloid fibrils of Aβ1–42 formed under quiescent and agitated conditions. LCPs were then shown to resolve such conformational heterogeneity of amyloid deposits in vivo. A diversity of amyloid deposits depending upon morphology and anatomic location was illustrated with LCPs in frozen ex vivo brain sections from a transgenic mouse model (tg-APP swe) of Alzheimer’s disease. Comparative LCP fluorescence showed that compact-core plaques of amyloid β precursor protein transgenic mice were composed of rigid dense amyloid. A more abundant form of amyloid plaque displayed morphology of a compact center with a protruding diffuse exterior. Surprisingly, the compact center of these plaques showed disordered conformations of the fibrils, and the exterior was composed of rigid amyloid protruding from the disordered center. This type of plaque appears to grow from more loosely assembled regions toward solidified amyloid tentacles. This work demonstrates how application of LCPs can prove helpful to monitor aggregate structure of in vivo formed amyloid deposits such as architecture, maturity, and origin.
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| 21. |
- Nilsson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Thermodynamics studies of designed ligands binding to Cel7A using partial-filling capillary electrophoresis
- 2008
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Ingår i: Electrophoresis. - : Wiley. - 0173-0835 .- 1522-2683. ; 29:2, s. 358-362
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A convenient experimental method for thermodynamical studies based on partial-filling affinity CE is presented. The advantages of this approach are the possibility to determine binding energies from relatively weak interactions as well as the small amounts of samples consumed. In order to explore the affinity and selectivity of the cellobiolrydrolase Cel7A, a number of propranolol analogues were recently designed. The affinities of a selection of these ligands were determined in the temperature interval 15-40 degrees C, and Delta G degrees, Delta H degrees and Delta S degrees were obtained by means of Van't Hoff plots. Through these experiments, the importance of the entropy contribution in the complexation between the ligands and Cel7A has been demonstrated.
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| 22. |
- Nilsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Imaging distinct conformational states of amyloid-β fibrils in Alzheimer's disease using novel luminescent probes
- 2007
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Ingår i: ACS Chemical Biology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1554-8929 .- 1554-8937. ; 2:8, s. 553-560
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using luminescent conjugated polyelectrolyte probes (LCPs), we demonstrate the possibility to distinguish amyloid-β 1-42 peptide (Aβ1-42) fibril conformations, by analyzing in vitro generated amyloid fibrils of Aβ1-42 formed under quiescent and agitated conditions. LCPs were then shown to resolve such conformational heterogeneity of amyloid deposits in vivo. A diversity of amyloid deposits depending upon morphology and anatomic location was illustrated with LCPs in frozen ex vivo brain sections from a transgenic mouse model (tg-APPswe) of Alzheimer's disease. Comparative LCP fluorescence showed that compact-core plaques of amyloid β precursor protein transgenic mice were composed of rigid dense amyloid. A more abundant form of amyloid plaque displayed morphology of a compact center with a protruding diffuse exterior. Surprisingly, the compact center of these plaques showed disordered conformations of the fibrils, and the exterior was composed of rigid amyloid protruding from the disordered center. This type of plaque appears to grow from more loosely assembled regions toward solidified amyloid tentacles. This work demonstrates how application of LCPs can prove helpful to monitor aggregate structure of in vivo formed amyloid deposits such as architecture, maturity, and origin.
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| 23. |
- Ringborg, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Preterm birth in Sweden: what are the average lengths of hospital stay and the associated inpatient costs?
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta pædiatrica (Oslo). - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 95:12, s. 1550-1555
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To provide estimates of the first-year length of stay and inpatient costs of Swedish infants admitted for neonatal care by week of gestation and by birthweight; and to provide estimates of the length of stay and inpatient costs of delivering mothers during the ante- and postpartum period by week of gestation and birthweight of the infant. Population-based registry study covering all live singleton deliveries in Sweden between 1998 and 2001 (n=336 136). First-year hospitalizations of infants admitted for neonatal care 0-6 d after birth (n=24 583) were tracked, as were hospitalizations of mothers for whom the date of admission lay+/-1 mo from the date of delivery. Monetary values were assigned to each hospitalization using the Nord-DRG classification system. On average, preterm infants (GA < 37 wk) had first-year lengths of stay roughly four times as long as full-term infants admitted for neonatal care (30 d vs 8 d, p<0.0001). The average first-year length of stay of the extremely immature infants (GA 22-25 wk) was more than six times as long that of infants born at 34-36 wk (108 d vs 17 d, p<0.0001). Mothers delivering preterm had an average length of stay slightly more than twice as long (p<0.0001) as that of mothers of full-term infants during the ante- and postpartum period. The estimated lengths of stay and costs may serve as reference values for a Swedish setting.
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| 24. |
- Timmusk, Sirje, et al.
(författare)
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Regulator of G protein signalling 16 is target for a porcine circorvirus type 2 protein
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of General Virology. - : Microbiology Society. - 0022-1317 .- 1465-2099. ; 90, s. 2425-2436
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interaction studies have suggested that the non-structural protein encoded by open reading frame 3 (ORF3) of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) binds specifically to a regulator of G protein signalling (RGS) related to human RGS16 (huRGS16). The full-length clone of RGS16 was generated from porcine cells and sequence analysis revealed a close relationship to huRGS16 and murine RGS16. In vitro pull-down experiments verified an interaction between porcine RGS16 (poRGS16) and ORF3 from PCV2. Using GST-linked ORF3 proteins from three different genogroups of PCV2 and from porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) in the pull-down experiments indicated that there were differences in their ability to bind poRGS16. Quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated that the expression of poRGS16 mRNA could be induced by a number of cell activators including mitogens (LPS and PHA), interferon inducers (ODN 2216 and poly I : C) and the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. Immunofluorescence labelling confirmed the induced expression of poRGS16 at the protein level and suggested that the PCV2 ORF3 protein co-localized with poRGS16 in LPS-activated porcine PBMC. Furthermore, poRGS16 appeared to participate in the translocation of the ORF3 protein into the cell nucleus, suggesting that the observed interaction may play an important role in the infection biology of porcine circovirus.
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| 25. |
- Träisk, Frank, et al.
(författare)
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Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy after Treatment for Graves´Hyperthyroidism with Antithyroid Drugs or lodine-131
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 94:10, s. 3700-3707
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Previous randomized trials have suggested an association between radioiodine treatment for Graves' hyperthyroidism and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the occurrence of worsening or development of TAO in patients who were treated with radioiodine or antithyroid drugs. Design: We conducted a randomized trial (TT 96) with a follow-up of 4 yr. Patients, Setting, and Intervention: Patients with a recent diagnosis of Graves' hyperthyroidism were randomized to treatment with iodine-131 (163 patients) or 18 months of medical treatment (150 patients). Early substitution with T-4 was given in both groups. Main Outcome Measure: Worsening or development of TAO was significantly more common in the iodine-131 treatment group (63 patients; 38.7%) compared with the medical treatment group (32 patients; 21.3%) (P < 0.001). Results: The risk for de novo development of TAO was greater in patients treated with iodine-131 (53 patients) than with medical treatment(23patients). However, worsening of TAO in the 41 patients who had ophthalmopathy already before the start of treatment was not more common in the radioiodine group (10 patients) than in the medical group (nine patients). Smoking was shown to influence the risk of worsening or development of TAO, and smokers treated with radioiodine had the overall highest risk for TAO. However, in the group of smokers, worsening or development of TAO was not significantly associated with the choice of treatment for hyperthyroidism. Conclusions: Radioiodine treatment is a significant risk factor for development of TAO in Graves' hyperthyroidism. Smokers run the highest risk for worsening or development of TAO irrespective of treatment modality.
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