| 1. |
- Andres, E., et al.
(författare)
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Selected recent results from AMANDA
- 2001
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Ingår i: ICHEP 2000. Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on High Energy Physics. - : World Scientific. ; , s. 965-968
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a selection of results based on data taken in 1997 with the 302-PMT Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array-B10 ("AMANDA-B10") array. Atmospheric neutrinos created in the northern hemisphere are observed indirectly through their charged current interactions which produce relativistic, Cherenkov-light-emitting upgoing muons in the South Pole ice cap. The reconstructed angular distribution of these events is in good agreement with expectation and demonstrates the viability of this ice-based device as a neutrino telescope. Studies of nearly vertical upgoing muons limit the available parameter space for WIMP dark matter under the assumption that WIMPS are trapped in the earth's gravitational potential well and annihilate with one another near the earth's center.
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| 2. |
- Karle, A., et al.
(författare)
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Observation of high energy atmospheric neutrinos with AMANDA
- 2000
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Ingår i: AIP Conference Proceedings. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). ; , s. 823-827
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 1997 the Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array (AMANDA) started operating with 10 strings. In an analysis of data taken during the first year of operation 188 atmospheric neutrino candidates were found. Their zenith angle distribution agrees with expectations based on Monte Carlo simulations. A preliminary upper limit is given on a diffuse flux of high energy neutrinos of astrophysical origin.
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| 4. |
- Chun, JS, et al.
(författare)
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Synchrotron x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy studies of interfacial reaction paths and kinetics during annealing of fully-002-textured Al/TiN bilayers
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. A. Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films. - 0734-2101 .- 1520-8559. ; 19:1, s. 182-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dense fully-002-textured polycrystalline TiN layers, 110 nm thick with a N/TI ratio of 1.02+/-0.03, were grown on SiO2 by ultrahigh vacuum magnetically unbalanced magnetron sputter deposition at T-s = 450 degreesC in pure N-2 utilizing high N-2(+)/Ti Aux ratios and low energy (E-N2(+) = 20 eV) ion irradiation of the growing film. Al overlayers, 160 nm thick and possessing a strong 002 texture inherited from the underlying TiN, were then deposited at T-s = 100 degreesC without breaking vacuum. Synchrotron x-ray diffraction was used to follow interfacial reaction paths and kinetics during postdeposition annealing as a function of time (t(a) = 200 - 1200 s) and temperature (T-a = 500 - 580 degreesC). Changes in bilayer microstructure and microchemistry were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning TEM to obtain compositional maps of cross-sectional and plan-view specimens by energy dispersive x-ray analysis. The initial bilayer reaction step during annealing involves the formation of a continuous AIN interfacial layer which, due to local epitaxy with the TIN underlayer, grows with the metastable zinc-blende structure up to a thickness x similar or equal to3-5 nm, and with the wurtzite structure thereafter. Ti atoms released during AIN formation diffuse into the Al layer leading to supersaturation followed by the nucleation of dispersed regions of tetragonal Al3Ti with inherited 002 preferred orientation. The aluminide domains grow rapidly until they reach the free surface, thereafter growth is two dimensional as Al3Ti grains spread radially. The overall activation energy for Al3Ti formation and growth is 1.8+/-0.1 eV. In situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction analyses during thermal ramping show that the onset temperature for interfacial reactions was increased by more than 100 degreesC for fully dense completely 002-textured bilayers compared to Ill-textured bilayers deposited by conventional reactive sputter deposition. (C) 2001 American Vacuum Society.
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| 7. |
- Slimani, N, et al.
(författare)
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Diversity of dietary patterns observed in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) project
- 2002
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Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - 1475-2727. ; 5:6B, s. 1311-1328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective.. To describe the diversity in dietary patterns existing across centres/regions participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Design and setting.. Single 24-hour dietary recall measurements were obtained by means of standardised face-to-face interviews using the EPIC-SOFT software. These have been used to present a graphic multi-dimensional comparison of the adjusted mean consumption of 22 food groups. Subjects: In total, 35 955 men and women, aged 35-74 years, participating in the EPIC nested calibration study. Results.. Although wide differences were observed across centres, the countries participating in EPIC are characterised by specific dietary patterns. Overall, Italy and Greece have a dietary pattern characterised by plant foods (except potatoes) and a lower consumption of animal and processed foods, compared with the other EPIC countries. France and particularly Spain have more heterogeneous dietary patterns, with a relatively high consumption of both plant foods and animal products. Apart from characteristics specific to vegetarian groups, the UK 'health-conscious' group shares with the UK general population a relatively high consumption of tea, sauces, cakes, soft drinks (women), margarine and butter. In contrast, the diet in the Nordic countries, The Netherlands, Germany and the UK general population is relatively high in potatoes and animal, processed and sweetened/refined foods, with proportions varying across countries/centres. In these countries, consumption of vegetables and fruit is similar to, or below, the overall EPIC means, and is low for legumes and vegetable oils. Overall, dietary patterns were similar for men and women, although there were large gender differences for certain food groups. Conclusions: There are considerable differences in food group consumption and dietary patterns among the EPIC study populations. This large heterogeneity should be an advantage when investigating the relationship between diet and cancer and formulating new aetiological hypotheses related to dietary patterns and disease.
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| 12. |
- Bergstrom, U, et al.
(författare)
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Drug targeting to the brain: Transfer of picolinic acid along the olfactory pathways
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Drug Targeting. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1061-186X .- 1029-2330. ; 10:6, s. 469-478
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Picolinic acid (PA) protects against quinolinic acid- and kainic acid-induced neurotoxicity in the brain. To study the uptake of PA to the brain, we administered [H-3]PA via a unilateral nasal instillation or iv injection to mice. Autoradiography demonstrated a rapid uptake of radioactivity in the olfactory nerve layer and in the ipsilateral olfactory bulb (OB) following nasal instillation of [H-3]PA. After 4h, there was a high level of radioactivity in the central parts of the ipsilateral OB and olfactory peduncle. Moreover, iv injection of [H-3]PA demonstrated a selective uptake and retention of radioactivity in the OB. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) demonstrated the presence of PA and PA-glycine conjugate in the OB. In mice with reduced peripheral olfactory innervations there was a decreased uptake of [H-3]PA in the OB as compared to controls suggesting that an intact olfactory neuroepithelium, is a prerequisite for an uptake of PA to the OB. There is an increased interest in brain targeting of drugs with limited ability to pass the blood-brain barrier. The present results demonstrate that PA fulfils structural requirements for a transfer along the olfactory pathways to the brain.
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| 13. |
- Caraeni, D., et al.
(författare)
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Modeling of liquid fuel injection, evaporation and mixing in a gas turbine burner using large eddy simulations
- 2000
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Ingår i: Flow Turbulence and Combustion. - 1386-6184 .- 1573-1987. ; 65:2, s. 223-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interaction of turbulence, temperature fluctuation, liquid fuel transport, mixing and evaporation is studied by using Large Eddy Simulations (LES). To assess the accuracy of the different components of the methods we consider first isothermal, single phase flow in a straight duct. The results using different numerical methods incorporating dynamic Sub-Grid-Scale (SGS) models are compared with DNS and experimental data. The effects of the interactions among turbulence, temperature fluctuation, spray transport, evaporation and mixing of the gaseous fuel are studied by using different assumptions on the temperature field. It has been found that there are strong non-linear interactions among temperature-fluctuation, evaporation and turbulent mixing which require additional modeling if not full LES is used. The developed models and methods have been applied to a gas turbine burner into which liquid fuel is injected. The dispersion of the droplets in the burner is described.
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| 16. |
- Linseisen, J, et al.
(författare)
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Consumption of added fats and oils in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) centres across 10 European countries as assessed by 24-hour dietary recalls
- 2002
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Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - 1475-2727. ; 5:6B, s. 1227-1242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate the consumption of added fats and oils across the European centres and countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Design and setting: 24-Hour dietary recalls were collected by means of standardised computer-guided interviews in 27 redefined EPIC centres across 10 European countries. Subjects: From an initial number of 36 900 subjects, single dietary recalls from 22 924 women and 13 031 men in the age range of 35-74 years were included. Results: Mean daily intake of added fats and oils varied between 16.2 g (Varese, Italy) and 41.1 g (Malmo, Sweden) in women and between 24.7 g (Ragusa, Italy) and 66.0 g (Potsdam, Germany) in men. Total mean lipid intake by consumption of added fats and oils, including those used for sauce preparation, ranged between 18.3 (Norway) and 37.2 g day(-1) (Greece) in women and 28.4 (Heidelberg, Germany) and 51.2 g day(-1) (Greece) in men. The Mediterranean EPIC centres with high olive oil consumption combined with low animal fat intake contrasted with the central and northern European centres where fewer vegetable oils, more animal fats and a high proportion of margarine were consumed. The consumption of added fats and oils of animal origin was highest in the German EPIC centres, followed by the French. The contribution of added fats and oils to total energy intake ranged from 8% in Norway to 22% in Greece. Conclusions: The results demonstrate a high variation in dietary intake of added fats Oil and oils in EPIC, providing a good opportunity to elucidate the role of dietary fats in cancer aetiology.
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| 17. |
- Moberg, A, et al.
(författare)
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Day-to-day temperature variability trends in 160-to 275-year-long European instrumental records
- 2000
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES. - : AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION. - 0747-7309. ; 105:D18, s. 22849-22868
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Day-to-day temperature variability is investigated in eight European series of daily mean temperatures beginning between 1722 and 1833. Eight statistical measures of day-to-day temperature variability are compared. The intramonthly standard deviation of d
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