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- Adriani, O., et al.
(författare)
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The gamma-400 space observatory : Status and perspectives
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Science. - : Sissa Medialab Srl.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present design of the new space observatory GAMMA-400 is presented in this paper. The instrument has been designed for the optimal detection of gamma rays in a broad energy range (from ∼100 MeV up to 3 TeV), with excellent angular and energy resolution. The observatory will also allow precise and high statistic studies of the electron component in the cosmic rays up to the multi TeV region, as well as protons and nuclei spectra up to the knee region. The GAMMA-400 observatory will allow to address a broad range of science topics, like search for signatures of dark matter, studies of Galactic and extragalactic gamma-ray sources, Galactic and extragalactic diffuse emission, gamma-ray bursts and charged cosmic rays acceleration and diffusion mechanism up to the knee.
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- Bergstrom, Carl T, et al.
(författare)
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The transmission sense of information
- 2011
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Ingår i: Biology & Philosophy. - : Springer. - 0169-3867 .- 1572-8404. ; 26:2, s. 159-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biologists rely heavily on the language of information, coding, and transmission that is commonplace in the field of information theory developed by Claude Shannon, but there is open debate about whether such language is anything more than facile metaphor. Philosophers of biology have argued that when biologists talk about information in genes and in evolution, they are not talking about the sort of information that Shannon’s theory addresses. First, philosophers have suggested that Shannon’s theory is only useful for developing a shallow notion of correlation, the so-called “causal sense” of information. Second, they typically argue that in genetics and evolutionary biology, information language is used in a “semantic sense,” whereas semantics are deliberately omitted from Shannon’s theory. Neither critique is well-founded. Here we propose an alternative to the causal and semantic senses of information: atransmission sense of information, in which an object X conveys information if the function of X is to reduce, by virtue of its sequence properties, uncertainty on the part of an agent who observes X. The transmission sense not only captures much of what biologists intend when they talk about information in genes, but also brings Shannon’s theory back to the fore. By taking the viewpoint of a communications engineer and focusing on the decision problem of how information is to be packaged for transport, this approach resolves several problems that have plagued the information concept in biology, and highlights a number of important features of the way that information is encoded, stored, and transmitted as genetic sequence.
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- Jakobsson, Stina, et al.
(författare)
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The risk of ischemic stroke after an acute myocardial infarction in diabetic subjects
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 34:Supplement: 1, s. 647-647
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Purpose: The incidence, any trend over time and predictors ofischemic stroke after an Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) inpatients with diabetes mellitus are unknown.Methods: Data for 173233 unselected AMI patients, including 33503diabetic subjects, was taken from the Swedish Register of Informationand Knowledge about Swedish Heart Intensive Care Admissions (RIKS-HIA) registry during 1998-2008. Ischemic stroke events were recorded during one year of follow-up.Results: Diabetic subjects more often had a history of cardiovascular disease, received less reperfusion therapy and were treated with Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA), P2Y12-inhibitors and statins to a lesser extent than nondiabetic subjects. However, the use of evidence basedtherapies increased markedly in both groups during the study period.The incidence of ischemic stroke during the first year after the AMI decreased from 7.1 to 4.7% and from 4.2 to 3.7% in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects, respectively. The risk reduction was significantly larger in the diabetic subgroup. Reperfusion therapy, ASA, P2Y12-inhibitors and statins were independently associated with the reduced stroke risk.Conclusion: Ischemic stroke is not an uncommon complication afteran AMI in diabetic subjects but the risk of stroke has markedly decreased during recent years. The increased use of evidence basedtherapies importantly contributes to this risk reduction, particularly indiabetic subjects, but there is still room for improvement.
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- Lehnert, O., et al.
(författare)
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New Ordovician-Silurian drill cores from the Siljan impact structure in central Sweden: an integral part of the Swedish Deep Drilling Program
- 2012
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Ingår i: Gff. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-5897 .- 2000-0863. ; 134:2, s. 87-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New drill cores from the largest known impact structure in Europe, the relict of the Siljan meteorite crater, provide new possibilities to reconstruct Early Palaeozoic marine environments and ecosystems, and to document changes in sedimentary facies, sea level and palaeoclimate in Baltoscandia. The impact crater is an important target of the project "Concentric Impact Structures in the Palaeozoic" within the framework of the "Swedish Deep Drilling Program". Two core sections, Mora 001 and Solberga 1, have been analysed. The sedimentary successions of these core sections include strata of late Tremadocian through late Wenlock ages. Our preliminary studies show not only that several of the classical Palaeozoic units of Sweden are represented in the area, but also that other significantly different facies are preserved in the Siljan district. An erosional unconformity representing a substantial hiatus occurs between Middle Ordovician limestone and a Llandovery-Wenlock (Silurian) shale succession in the western part of the Siljan structure and suggests an extended period of uplift and erosion. This may be related to forebulge migration due to flexural loading by the Caledonian thrust sheet to the west. Thus, this part of Sweden, previously regarded as a stable cratonic area, presumably was affected by the Caledonian collision between Baltica and Laurentia.
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- Leonov, A. A., et al.
(författare)
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The GAMMA-400 gamma-ray telescope characteristics. Angular resolution and electrons/protons separation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Science. - : Sissa Medialab Srl.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The measurements of gamma-ray fluxes and cosmic-ray electrons and positrons in the energy range from 100 MeV to several TeV, which will be realized by the specially designed GAMMA-400 gamma-ray telescope, concern with the following broad range of scientific topics. Search for signatures of dark matter, surveying the celestial sphere in order to study point and extended sources of gamma-rays, measuring the energy spectra of Galactic and extragalactic diffuse gamma-ray emission, study of gamma-ray bursts and gamma-ray emission from the Sun, as well as high precision measurements of spectra of high-energy electrons and positrons, protons and nuclei up to the knee. To clarify these scientific problems with the new experimental data the GAMMA-400 gamma-ray telescope possesses unique physical characteristics comparing with previous and present experiments. For gamma-ray energies more than 100 GeV GAMMA-400 provides the energy resolution ~1% and angular resolution better than 0.02 deg. The methods, developed to reconstruct the direction of incident gamma photon, are presented in this paper, as well as, the capability of the GAMMA-400 gamma-ray telescope to distinguish electrons and positrons from protons in cosmic rays is investigated. The first point concerns with the space topology of high-energy gamma photon interaction in the matter of GAMMA-400. Multiple secondary particles, generated inside gamma-ray telescope, produce significant problems to restore the direction of initial gamma photon. Also back-splash particles, i.e., charged particles and gamma photons generated in calorimeter and moved upward, mask the initial tracks of electron/positron pair from conversion of incident gamma photon. The processed methods allow us to reconstruct the direction of electromagnetic shower axis and extract the electron/positron trace. As a result, the direction of incident gamma photon with the energy of 100 GeV is calculated with an accuracy of better than 0.02 deg. The main components of cosmic rays are protons and helium nuclei, whereas the part of lepton component in the total flux is ~10 -3 for high energies. The separate contribution in proton rejection is studied for each detector system of the GAMMA-400 gamma-ray telescope. Using combined information from all detector systems allow us to provide the rejection from protons with a factor of ~4 10 5 for vertical incident particles and ~3 10 5 for particle with initial inclination of 30 deg. Science with the New Generation of High Energy Gamma-ray experiments, 10th Workshop (Scineghe2014) 04-06 June 2014 Lisbon - Portugal.
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- Rosvall, Martin, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Multilevel compression of random walks on networks reveals hierarchical organization in large integrated systems
- 2011
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 6:4, s. e18209-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To comprehend the hierarchical organization of large integrated systems, we introduce the hierarchical map equation, which reveals multilevel structures in networks. In this information-theoretic approach, we exploit the duality between compression and pattern detection; by compressing a description of a random walker as a proxy for real flow on a network, we find regularities in the network that induce this system-wide flow. Finding the shortest multilevel description of the random walker therefore gives us the best hierarchical clustering of the network — the optimal number of levels and modular partition at each level — with respect to the dynamics on the network. With a novel search algorithm, we extract and illustrate the rich multilevel organization of several large social and biological networks. For example, from the global air traffic network we uncover countries and continents, and from the pattern of scientific communication we reveal more than 100 scientific fields organized in four major disciplines: life sciences, physical sciences, ecology and earth sciences, and social sciences. In general, we find shallow hierarchical structures in globally interconnected systems, such as neural networks, and rich multilevel organizations in systems with highly separated regions, such as road networks.
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