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- Chew, Michelle S, 1969-
(författare)
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Right ventricular function
- 2020
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Ingår i: Oxford Textbook of Advanced Critical Care Echocardiography. - : Oxford University Press. - 9780198749288
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The right ventricle (RV) has historically been given less importance than the left. There are important anatomical differences, including several intracardiac structures that may complicate echocardiographic assessments. The right heart is sensitive to changes in pressure and its function is affected by common interventions in critical care such as fluid loading and positive pressure ventilation. Right and left ventricular functions are inextricably linked, and both systolic and diastolic ventricular interdependence occur. The echocardiographic examination of the RV includes an assessment of size and dimensions, systolic and diastolic function, estimation of intracardiac and pulmonary pressures. These should be interpreted in the context of the clinical interventions that the patient was subjected to at the time of imaging, as well as left ventricular function. RV failure is associated with poorer outcomes in several disease states including congestive cardiac failure and acute myocardial infarction. In critically ill patients, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has significant implications for right heart function, where there is a necessary balance between respiratory mechanics and haemodynamics.
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| 2. |
- Chew, Michelle S, 1969-
(författare)
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Septic shock
- 2020
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Ingår i: Oxford Textbook of Advanced Critical Care Echocardiography. - : Oxford University Press. - 9780198749288
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Failure or dysfunction of the cardiovascular system is the defining feature of septic shock. While there is now evidence for the central role of the heart in the pathophysiology of septic shock, it is important to remember that it is only one component of the cardiovascular system. Thus, it is often impossible to distinguish between the direct effects of sepsis on the heart and its responses to other changes in the cardiovascular system. Systolic, diastolic, left, and right heart functions are variably affected and are not mutually exclusive. They may be associated with rises in cardiac troponins and may be associated with underlying cardiovascular disease. Current evidence suggests left ventricular systolic dysfunction (assessed as reduced ejection fraction) is not associated with increased mortality, while diastolic dysfunction seems to be more predictive. Right heart failure occurs commonly, even with lung-protective ventilation strategies. Echocardiography is currently the only bedside technique providing comprehensive information regarding heart function during sepsis. In combination with information obtained with pulmonary arterial catheterization, it may be used to monitor the effects of fluid loading, mechanical ventilation, and vasopressor/inotropic therapy in the patient with septic shock. Future areas of research include (1) the development of a universal definition for septic cardiomyopathy; (2) investigating methods for distinguishing sepsis-specific changes from underlying disease; (3) investigating the relationship between cardiac biomarkers and echocardiographic changes; (4) investigating new echocardiographic markers of systolic and diastolic function; (5) integration of lung-protective mechanical ventilation and haemodynamic management strategies guided by echocardiographic findings.
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| 3. |
- Lipcsey, Miklós, et al.
(författare)
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Endotoxin removal in septic shock with the Alteco LPS adsorber was safe but showed no benefit compared to placebo in the double-blind randomized controlled trial-the asset study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Shock. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1073-2322 .- 1540-0514. ; 54:2, s. 224-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are presumed to contribute to the inflammatory response in sepsis. We investigated if extracorporeal Alteco LPS Adsorber for LPS removal in early gram-negative septic shock was feasible and safe. Also, effects on endotoxin level, inflammatory response, and organ function were assessed.Methods: A pilot, double-blinded, randomized, Phase IIa, feasibility clinical investigation was undertaken in six Scandinavian intensive care units aiming to allocate 32 septic shock patients with abdominal or urogenital focus on LPS Adsorber therapy or a Sham Adsorber, therapy without active LPS binding. The study treatment was initiated within 12 h of inclusion and given for 6 h daily on first 2 days. LPS was measured in all patients.Results: The investigation was terminated after 527 days with eight patients included in the LPS Adsorber group and seven in the Sham group. Twenty-one adverse effects, judged not to be related to the device, were reported in three patients in the LPS Adsorber group and two in the Sham group. Two patients in the Sham group and no patients in the LPS Adsorber group died within 28 days. Plasma LPS levels were low without groups differences during or after adsorber therapy. The changes in inflammatory markers and organ function were similar in the groups.Conclusions: In a small cohort of patients with presumed gram-negative septic shock, levels of circulating endotoxin were low and no adverse effects within 28 days after LPS adsorber-treatment were observed. No benefit compared with a sham device was seen when using a LPS adsorber in addition to standard care.
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