| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Dallabetta, G, et al.
(författare)
-
Specificity of dysuria and discharge complaints and presence of urethritis in male patients attending an STD clinic in Malawi
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Sexually Transmitted Infections. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1368-4973 .- 1472-3263. ; 74:Suppl 1, s. S34-S37
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the specificity of discharge and dysuria for laboratory confirmed urethritis in symptomatic men presenting to an urban STD clinic in Malawi for treatment and returning for follow up evaluation.METHODS: Clinical treatment trial where consecutive consenting men with urethritis were enrolled and administered a questionnaire, examined, tested, and given one of five urethritis treatments with an efficacy range of 33-95%. Men returning for follow up were questioned, examined, and tested.RESULTS: The presence of both discharge and dysuria were highly specific for laboratory confirmed urethritis (over 90%). Compared with men who had complaints of both discharge and dysuria, men with complaints of dysuria alone were more likely to have reported prior treatment, 72% v 48% (p = 0.003), and less likely to have had gonorrhoea, 64% v 83% (p = 0.04). Men with complaints of discharge or dysuria without evidence of discharge were rare but half of them had documented urethritis. Among men who returned for follow up, 72% had no symptoms of either discharge or dysuria. However, among the 238 men with no symptoms at follow up, laboratory documented gonorrhoea occurred in 9% and non-gonococcal urethritis in 21%.DISCUSSION: In this population of men discharge or dysuria were specific symptoms for urethritis. The symptom of dysuria should be added as an entry criterion for evaluation for urethritis in the World Health Organisation's treatment recommendations. The high prevalence of asymptomatic infection at follow up in a population of men who received suboptimal antimicrobial therapy suggests that the most effective therapy available should be given at the first visit.
|
|
| 8. |
- Larsson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Tissue and differentiation specific expression of the endogenous retrovirus ERV3 (HERV-R) in normal human tissues and during induced monocytic differentiation in the U-937 cell line
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Leukemia. - 0887-6924 .- 1476-5551. ; 11:Suppl. 3, s. 142-4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ERV3 (HERV-R) is a complete, single copy human endogenous retrovirus located on the long arm of chromosome 7. The open reading frame in its envelope gene has been conserved during evolution but the gag and pol genes contain in-frame termination codons. To find a suitable experimental model system for analysis of the functions of the ERV3 genome, an extensive screening study of different normal and neoplastic human tissues was performed. Most tissues express low levels of the ERV3 env mRNA although high expression levels are observed in placenta, sebaceous glands, adrenals, testis, bronchial, epithelium and the monocytic cell line U-937. In U-937 cells the ERV3 env expression varied in a manner related to the differentiation status of the cells; being highest in the terminally differentiated non proliferating cells. U-937 cells can be induced to differentiate from the monoblastic to the mature monocyte/macrophage stage upon stimulation by several substances such as phorbolesters (TPA), Vitamin D3, Retinoic Acid (RA) and combinations of some cytokines. We conclude that the ERV3 locus is expressed in a tissue and differentiation specific way and that the U-937 cell line is a suitable model system to further analyze the proposed functions of ERVs such as immunomodulation, cell fusion and protection against exogenous retroviral infections.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
