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| 4. |
- Prusti, T., et al.
(författare)
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The Gaia mission
- 2016
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 595
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gaia is a cornerstone mission in the science programme of the European Space Agency (ESA). The spacecraft construction was approved in 2006, following a study in which the original interferometric concept was changed to a direct-imaging approach. Both the spacecraft and the payload were built by European industry. The involvement of the scientific community focusses on data processing for which the international Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC) was selected in 2007. Gaia was launched on 19 December 2013 and arrived at its operating point, the second Lagrange point of the Sun-Earth-Moon system, a few weeks later. The commissioning of the spacecraft and payload was completed on 19 July 2014. The nominal five-year mission started with four weeks of special, ecliptic-pole scanning and subsequently transferred into full-sky scanning mode. We recall the scientific goals of Gaia and give a description of the as-built spacecraft that is currently (mid-2016) being operated to achieve these goals. We pay special attention to the payload module, the performance of which is closely related to the scientific performance of the mission. We provide a summary of the commissioning activities and findings, followed by a description of the routine operational mode. We summarise scientific performance estimates on the basis of in-orbit operations. Several intermediate Gaia data releases are planned and the data can be retrieved from the Gaia Archive, which is available through the Gaia home page.
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| 5. |
- Verma, Malvika, et al.
(författare)
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A gastric resident drug delivery system for prolonged gram-level dosing of tuberculosis treatment
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science Translational Medicine. - : AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE. - 1946-6234 .- 1946-6242. ; 11:483
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multigram drug depot systems for extended drug release could transform our capacity to effectively treat patients across a myriad of diseases. For example, tuberculosis (TB) requires multimonth courses of daily multigram doses for treatment. To address the challenge of prolonged dosing for regimens requiring multigram drug dosing, we developed a gastric resident system delivered through the nasogastric route that was capable of safely encapsulating and releasing grams of antibiotics over a period of weeks. Initial preclinical safety and drug release were demonstrated in a swine model with a panel of TB antibiotics. We anticipate multiple applications in the field of infectious diseases, as well as for other indications where multigram depots could impart meaningful benefits to patients, helping maximize adherence to their medication.
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| 6. |
- Aartsen, M. G., et al.
(författare)
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A Search for Neutrino Emission from Fast Radio Bursts with Six Years of IceCube Data
- 2018
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 857:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a search for coincidence between IceCube TeV neutrinos and fast radio bursts (FRBs). During the search period from 2010 May 31 to 2016 May 12, a total of 29 FRBs with 13 unique locations have been detected in the whole sky. An unbinned maximum likelihood method was used to search for spatial and temporal coincidence between neutrinos and FRBs in expanding time windows, in both the northern and southern hemispheres. No significant correlation was found in six years of IceCube data. Therefore, we set upper limits on neutrino fluence emitted by FRBs as a function of time window duration. We set the most stringent limit obtained to date on neutrino fluence from FRBs with an E-2 energy spectrum assumed, which is 0.0021 GeV cm(-2) per burst for emission timescales up to similar to 10(2) s from the northern hemisphere stacking search.
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| 7. |
- Abola, Benard, et al.
(författare)
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A Variant of Updating Page Rank in Evolving Tree graphs
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 18th Applied Stochastic Models and Data Analysis International Conference with the Demographics 2019 Workshop, Florence, Italy: 11-14 June, 2019. - : ISAST: International Society for the Advancement of Science and Technology. - 9786185180331 ; , s. 31-49
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- PageRank update refers to the process of computing new PageRank values after change(s) (addition or removal of links/vertices) has occurred in real life networks. The purpose of the updating is to avoid recalculating the values from scratch. To efficiently carry out the update, we consider PageRank as the expected number of visits to target vertex if multiple random walks are performed, starting at each vertex once and weighing each of these walks by a weight value. Hence, it might be looked at as updating non-normalised PageRank. In the proposed approach, a scaled adjacency matrix is sequentially updated after every change and the levels of the vertices being updated as well. This enables sets of internal and sink vertices dependent on their roots or parents, thus vector-vector product can be performed sequentially since there are no infinite steps from one vertex to the other.
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| 8. |
- Abramson, Alex, et al.
(författare)
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A luminal unfolding microneedle injector for oral delivery of macromolecules
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 25:10, s. 1512-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Insulin and other injectable biologic drugs have transformed the treatment of patients suffering from diabetes(1,2), yet patients and healthcare providers often prefer to use and prescribe less effective orally dosed medications(3-5). Compared with subcutaneously administered drugs, oral formulations create less patient discomfort(4), show greater chemical stability at high temperatures(6), and do not generate biohazardous needle waste(7). An oral dosage form for biologic medications is ideal; however, macromolecule drugs are not readily absorbed into the bloodstream through the gastrointestinal tract(8). We developed an ingestible capsule, termed the luminal unfolding microneedle injector, which allows for the oral delivery of biologic drugs by rapidly propelling dissolvable drug-loaded microneedles into intestinal tissue using a set of unfolding arms. During ex vivo human and in vivo swine studies, the device consistently delivered the microneedles to the tissue without causing complete thickness perforations. Using insulin as a model drug, we showed that, when actuated, the luminal unfolding microneedle injector provided a faster pharmacokinetic uptake profile and a systemic uptake > 10% of that of a subcutaneous injection over a 4-h sampling period. With the ability to load a multitude of microneedle formulations, the device can serve as a platform to orally deliver therapeutic doses of macromolecule drugs.
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| 9. |
- Abramson, Alex, et al.
(författare)
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An ingestible self-orienting system for oral delivery of macromolecules
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE. - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 363:6427, s. 611-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biomacromolecules have transformed our capacity to effectively treat diseases; however, their rapid degradation and poor absorption in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract generally limit their administration to parenteral routes. An oral biologic delivery system must aid in both localization and permeation to achieve systemic drug uptake. Inspired by the leopard tortoise's ability to passively reorient, we developed an ingestible self-orienting millimeter-scale applicator (SOMA) that autonomously positions itself to engage with GI tissue. It then deploys milliposts fabricated from active pharmaceutical ingredients directly through the gastric mucosa while avoiding perforation. We conducted in vivo studies in rats and swine that support the applicator's safety and, using insulin as a model drug, demonstrated that the SOMA delivers active pharmaceutical ingredient plasma levels comparable to those achieved with subcutaneous millipost administration.
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| 12. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 13. |
- Aduse-Poku, Kwaku, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular phylogeny and generic-level taxonomy of the widespread palaeotropical 'Heteropsis clade' (Nymphalidae : Satyrinae: Mycalesina)
- 2016
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Ingår i: Systematic Entomology. - : Wiley. - 0307-6970. ; 41:4, s. 717-731
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mycalesine butterfly genus Heteropsis Westwood, 1850 (Satyrinae: Mycalesina) has recently been conceived to be represented in three major palaeotropical regions (Madagascar, Africa and Asia), but there has been no formal taxonomic treatment covering this entire group. Studies aimed at understanding the evolutionary success of Mycalesina in the Old World tropics have been hampered by the lack of both a robust phylogeny and a stable nomenclature for this satyrine subtribe. Here, we present a well-supported molecular phylogeny based on 10 genes and 133 exemplar taxa, representing almost all known species groups of Heteropsis (s.l.), and including all but four known species in Madagascar. We also combine sequences of the exemplars with a morphological matrix of 428 characters. The widespread 'Heteropsis clade' is confirmed as monophyletic, but lineages in different geographic regions also form endemic and well-supported clades with deep divergences among them. Here we establish this group as comprising three genera, Heteropsis (Malagasy region only), Telinga Moore, 1880 (Asia), and Brakefieldia gen.n. (Africa). We recover the genera Telinga and Brakefieldia as sisters with high support. Each genus is taxonomically characterized and a revised synonymic checklist is appended with new combinations and some changes in rank. With a well-resolved topology and updates to the taxonomy of the group, researchers are now in a position to explore the drivers of the spectacular radiation of the group, notably in Madagascar, where the highest phenotypic and species diversity occurs.
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| 14. |
- Akiba, K., et al.
(författare)
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LHC forward physics
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 43:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 17. |
- Almendros, Isaac, et al.
(författare)
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Early Career Members at the ERS Lung Science Conference: cell-matrix interactions in lung disease and regeneration: Early career forum
- 2018
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Ingår i: Breathe. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 1810-6838 .- 2073-4735. ; 14:2, s. 78-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 16th ERS Lung Science Conference (LSC) took place on March 8–11, 2018, in Estoril, Portugal, with around 200 delegates from all over the world. This year’s topic was “Cell-matrix interactions in lung disease and regeneration” and involved excellent presentations by leading experts in the field covering everything from exploratory studies on how the matrix functions, matrix remodelling and biomarkers in disease, to more technical knowledge described in the field of lung bioengineering. As in previous years, the Saturday afternoon was reserved for a programme dedicated to early career delegates, which this year focussed on “Maximising your publication output”. In this article, we summarise the Early Career Member highlights of this year’s LSC.
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| 19. |
- Amenuvor, Gershon, et al.
(författare)
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Novel pyrazolylphosphite- and pyrazolylphosphinite-ruthenium(II) complexes as catalysts for hydrogenation of acetophenone
- 2016
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Ingår i: Dalton Transactions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; 45:34, s. 13514-13524
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The new compounds and potential ligands 2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethyldiphenlyphosphinite (L1), 2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethyldiethylphosphite (L2), 2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethyl-diethylphosphite (L3) and 2-(3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethyldiethylphosphite (L4) were prepared from the reaction of (3,5-(disubstituted)pyrazol-1H-yl)ethanol and the appropriate phosphine chloride. The phosphinite (L1) and phosphites (L2-L4) and 2-(3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethyldiphenylphosphinite (L5) were reacted with [Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]2 to afford the ruthenium(ii) complexes [Ru(p-cymene)Cl2(L1)] (1), [Ru(p-cymene)Cl2(L2)] (2), [Ru(p-cymene)Cl2(L3)] (3), [Ru(p-cymene)Cl2(L4)] (4), and [Ru(p-cymene)Cl2(L5)] (5). All ruthenium complexes were characterized by a combination of NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and, in selected cases, by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Complexes 1-5 and [Ru(p-cymene)Cl2(L6)] (6) (prepared from 2-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethyldiphenylphosphinite (L6)) were investigated as catalysts for both transfer and molecular hydrogenation of acetophenone to 1-phenylethanol. At 80 °C the percent conversion of acetophenone in transfer hydrogenation was moderate to high over 10 h (42-87%); for molecular hydrogenation acetophenone, conversions were as high as 98% in 6 h.
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| 20. |
- Amirian, E. Susan, et al.
(författare)
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The Glioma International Case-Control Study : A Report From the Genetic Epidemiology of Glioma International Consortium
- 2016
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Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 183:2, s. 85-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decades of research have established only a few etiological factors for glioma, which is a rare and highly fatal brain cancer. Common methodological challenges among glioma studies include small sample sizes, heterogeneity of tumor subtypes, and retrospective exposure assessment. Here, we briefly describe the Glioma International Case-Control (GICC) Study (recruitment, 2010-2013), a study being conducted by the Genetic Epidemiology of Glioma International Consortium that integrates data from multiple data collection sites, uses a common protocol and questionnaire, and includes biospecimen collection. To our knowledge, the GICC Study is the largest glioma study to date that includes collection of blood samples, which will allow for genetic analysis and interrogation of gene-environment interactions.
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| 23. |
- Anguzu, Collins, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of graph centrality measures based on random walks and their computation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 18th Applied Stochastic Models and Data Analysis International Conference with the Demographics 2019 Workshop, Florence, Italy: 11-14 June, 2019. - : ISAST: International Society for the Advancement of Science and Technology. - 9786185180331 ; , s. 121-135
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- When working with a network it is often of interest to locate the "most important" nodes in the network. A common way to do this is using some graph centrality measures. Since what constitutes an important node is different between different networks or even applications on the same network there is a large amount of different centrality measures proposed in the literature. Due to the large amount of different centrality measures proposed in different fields, there is also a large amount very similar or equivalent centrality measures in the sense that they give the same ranks. In this paper we will focus on centrality measures based on powers of the adjacency matrix or similar matrices and those based on random walk in order to show how some of these are related and can be calculated efficiently using the same or slightly altered algorithms.
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| 24. |
- Appleton, JP, et al.
(författare)
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It is safe to use transdermal glyceryl trinitrate to lower blood pressure in patients with acute ischaemic stroke with carotid stenosis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Stroke and vascular neurology. - : BMJ. - 2059-8696 .- 2059-8688. ; 4:1, s. 28-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is concern that blood pressure (BP) lowering in acute stroke may compromise cerebral perfusion and worsen outcome in the presence of carotid stenosis. We assessed the effect of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) in patients with carotid stenosis using data from the Efficacy of Nitric Oxide in Stroke (ENOS) Trial.MethodsENOS randomised 4011 patients with acute stroke and raised systolic BP (140–220 mm Hg) to transdermal GTN or no GTN within 48 hours of onset. Those on prestroke antihypertensives were also randomised to stop or continue their medication for 7 days. The primary outcome was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at day 90. Ipsilateral carotid stenosis was split: <30%; 30–<50%; 50–<70%; ≥70%. Data are ORs with 95% CIs adjusted for baseline prognostic factors.Results2023 (60.5%) ischaemic stroke participants had carotid imaging. As compared with <30%, ≥70% ipsilateral stenosis was associated with an unfavourable shift in mRS (worse outcome) at 90 days (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.44 to 2.44, p<0.001). Those with ≥70% stenosis who received GTN versus no GTN had a favourable shift in mRS (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.93, p=0.024). In those with 50–<70% stenosis, continuing versus stopping prestroke antihypertensives was associated with worse disability, mood, quality of life and cognition at 90 days. Clinical outcomes did not differ across bilateral stenosis groups.ConclusionsFollowing ischaemic stroke, severe ipsilateral carotid stenosis is associated with worse functional outcome at 90 days. GTN appears safe in ipsilateral or bilateral carotid stenosis, and might improve outcome in severe ipsilateral carotid stenosis.
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