| 1. |
- Edman, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
-
Abundance and viability of fungal spores along a forestry gradient: responses to habitat loss and isolation?
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Oikos. - : Wiley. - 0030-1299 .- 1600-0706. ; 104:1, s. 35-42
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regional variation in spore deposition and viability was studied for two fungi, Fomitopsis rosea (Alb. & Schwein.: Fr.) P. Karst. and Phlebia centrifuga P. Karst., both confined to old-growth spruce forests in the boreal zone. Seven regions in Sweden were studied along a north-south transect in which the historical impact from forestry increases and the amount old forests decreases towards the south. The two southernmost regions were located outside the distribution border of the species. Spore deposition was measured species specifically as heterokaryotisation of homokaryotic mycelia growing on wood discs. There was a significant decline in spore deposition towards the south for both species. F. rosea deposited an average amount of 111 spores m-2 24 h-1 in the northernmost region compared to less than 1 spore in the four southernmost regions. The corresponding values for P. centrifuga were 27 spores m-2 24 h-1 in the north compared to less than 2 spores in the 4 southernmost regions. No deposition was found south of the distribution borders. The viability of spores from local populations within each region was measured as germination success on nutrient media. Individual fruiting bodies from large populations in the north generally produced spores with higher germinability than fruiting bodies from geographically isolated populations in the central and southern regions. However, there was a high variation among the southern populations. Our data suggest that some populations in mid- and south Sweden may suffer from negative genetic effects, possibly associated with fragmentation and loss of habitat. Thus, the combination of low spore deposition and low germinability of spores may be a threat to the long-term persistence of F. rosea and P. centrifuga in southern Sweden. Several other species may experience the same situation, especially when considering the severe decline of dead wood in Swedish forests.
|
|
| 2. |
- Edman, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
-
Local dispersal sources strongly affect colonization patterns of wood-decaying fungi on experimental spruce logs
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Ecological Applications. - : Wiley. - 1051-0761 .- 1939-5582. ; 14:3, s. 893-901
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coarse woody debris (CWD) is an important habitat for many species in forest ecosystems. However, forestry has decreased the abundance of CWD so that many wood-dependent species have become threatened. To alleviate this problem, guidelines for a more biodiversity-oriented forestry focus on increasing CWD in managed forests. Unfortunately, how this increase is to be allocated on a landscape scale is not well understood. The present study reports an experiment in which freshly cut logs of varying sizes were placed in stands with contrasting abundance of natural CWD and subsequently varying pools of wood-inhabiting species. The first six years of colonization by wood fungi show that local abundance and composition of the fungal flora strongly influenced colonization. Higher species richness was observed in CWD-rich sites, and several species were more frequent on the experimental logs at CWD-rich sites. The strong within-site effect is interpreted as resulting from high spore deposition from the local species pool. This is supported by spore deposition estimates of Fomitopsis rosea, a red-listed species that only occurred on experimental logs at the CWD-rich sites. F. rosea had a 9-180 times higher spore deposition at the CWD-rich sites compared to the CWD-poor sites. The species richness and composition on small logs differed from that of large logs with higher richness on the latter. The results strongly suggest that restoration efforts would be more efficient if directed toward sites close to CWD-rich sites and that preferably large logs should be created.
|
|
| 3. |
- Edman, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
-
Spatial pattern of downed logs and wood-living fungi in an old-growth spruce forest
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Journal of Vegetation Science. - 1100-9233 .- 1654-1103. ; 12:5, s. 609-620
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since many wood-living forest species are influenced by the dynamics of coarse woody debris (CWD), information about the spatial pattern of CWD under natural conditions is essential to understand species distributions. In this study we examined the spatial pattern of downed logs and wood-decaying fungi in an old-growth boreal Picea abies forest in northwestern Sweden that is governed by gap-phase dynamics. The spatial pattern of wood-decaying fungi was studied to draw conclusions about species dispersal abilities. A total of 684 logs with a diameter 10 cm were mapped and analysed with Ripley's K-function. The distribution of all logs taken together displayed a significant aggregated pattern up to 45 m. The different decay stages also deviated from random expectations. Fairly fresh logs and logs in the middle decay stage were clumped up to about 25 and 35 m respectively, and late decayed logs aggregated up to 95 m. Logs with diameters from 10-29 cm were aggregated up to 25 m, whereas logs ≥30 cm diameter were randomly distributed. The result suggests that gap-dynamics do have an impact on the spatial pattern of the CWD, creating fine-scale clumping. The random distribution of large logs may result from the slightly regular spacing of large living trees. The spatial patterns of 16 species (n 20) of wood-decaying fungi were analysed with Ripley's K-function. Three patterns were aggregated, for Gloeophyllum sepiarium, Coniophora olivacea and Vesiculomyces citrinus. These results indicate that the distribution of most species at the stand level is generally not influenced by dispersal limitations.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Edman, Mattias, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
Wood-disc traps provide a robust method for studying spore dispersal of wood-decaying basidiomycetes
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Mycologia. - 0027-5514 .- 1557-2536. ; 95:3, s. 553-556
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wood-disk traps provide a robust method for studying spore dispersal of wood-decaying basidiomycetes -- Edman and Gustafsson 95 (3): 553 -- Mycologia Spore traps consisting of disks containing monokaryotic mycelia as bait were tested to find a robust, long-time sampling method for studying dispersal of wood-decaying basidiomycetes. In total, 288 disks, 48 for each of six fungal species, were exposed 2 wk at 12 sites in northern Sweden. Both common and rare fungi were used, and the longest distance to a potential dispersal source exceeded 3 km. After 3–16 wk of incubation in the laboratory, the disks were investigated for spore hits. These were detectable both microscopically, by the presence of hyphal clamps, and macroscopically, by mycelial incompatibility zones. Spore traps resisted rain and freezing temperatures well, and spore hits from all species were found at all 12 sites. We argue that lengthy sampling makes it possible to detect low rates of spore deposition, aiding in the study of long-distance dispersal and dispersal of rare species. In addition, because several spore hits can be recognized in the same trap, spore deposition of wood-decaying fungi can be characterized with quantitative data.
|
|
