| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Johannsson, Gudmundur, 1960, et al.
(författare)
-
GH increases extracellular volume by stimulating sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron and preventing pressure natriuresis.
- 2002
-
Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 87:4, s. 1743-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although sodium retention and volume expansion occur during GH administration, blood pressure is decreased or unchanged. The aim was to study the effect of short- and long-term GH replacement in adults on sodium balance, renal hemodynamics, and blood pressure. Ten adults with severe GH deficiency were included into a 7-d, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial followed by 12 months of open GH replacement. All measurements were performed under metabolic ward conditions. Extracellular water (ECW) was determined using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate were assessed using renal paraminohippurate and Cr(51) EDTA clearances, respectively. Renal tubular sodium reabsorption was assessed using lithium clearance. Plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma concentrations of angiotensin II, aldosterone, atrial natriuretic peptides and brain natriuretic peptides (BNP) and 24-h urinary norepinephrine excretion were measured. Seven days of GH treatment decreased urinary sodium excretion. Lithium clearance as a marker of proximal renal tubular sodium reabsorption was unaffected by GH treatment. ECW was increased after both short- and long-term treatment. This increase was inversely correlated to the decrease in diastolic blood pressure (r = -0.70, P = 0.02) between baseline and 12 months. Short-term treatment increased PRA and decreased BNP. The increase in PRA correlated with an increase in 24-h urinary norepinephrine excretion (r = 0.77, P < 0.01). Glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow did not change during treatment. The sodium- and water-retaining effect of GH takes place in the distal nephron. The sustained increase in ECW in response to GH is associated with an unchanged or decreased blood pressure. This together with unchanged or decreased atrial natriuretic peptides and BNP may prevent pressure-induced escape of sodium.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Sjöberg, Agneta, 1956, et al.
(författare)
-
Energy intake in Swedish adolescents: validation of diet history with doubly labelled water
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Eur J Clin Nutr. ; 57:12, s. 1643-52
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To compare habitual energy intake (EI) estimated from diet history (DH) with total energy expenditure (TEE) measured with doubly labelled water (DLW) in adolescents. DESIGN: DH included a detailed questionnaire and an interview. TEE was measured during a 14-day period. Adequate (AR), under- (UR) and over-reporters (OR) were defined from the ratio EI/TEE: AR 0.84-1.16, UR <0.84 and OR >1.16. SETTING: Participants were recruited from grade 9 in a compulsory school in Goteborg, Sweden. All data were collected at school and DLW dosages were distributed at Sahlgrenska University Hospital. SUBJECTS: A total of 35 adolescents (18 boys, 17 girls), 15.7 (0.4) y. RESULTS: EI was 11.0 (3.6) MJ and TEE was 11.4 (2.1) MJ (P=0.42). DH was able to rank EI compared to TEE (Spearman's r=0.59, P< or =0.001). For girls, EI was 18% lower (P=0.0067) and for boys, EI was 7% higher (P=0.26) compared to TEE. The 95% limits of agreement for difference between TEE and EI were -5.6 to 6.5 MJ. In total, 20 subjects were defined as AR (57%), nine as UR (26%) and six as OR (17%). Energy from in-between meals was 33% lower (P=0.0043) in UR girls and 57% higher (P=0.026) in OR boys, compared to adequate reporting girls and boys, respectively. In UR girls, energy-adjusted intake (10 MJ) of specific foods did not differ significantly, fat was lower and carbohydrate and vitamin C were higher compared to AR girls (all P<0.05). OR boys had no significant differences in food and nutrient intake in 10 MJ compared to AR boys. CONCLUSION: The diet history was able to capture EI for the group and to rank subjects. There was a wide individual range in reporting-accuracy related to gender. SPONSORSHIP: The Ingabritt and Arne Lundberg Foundation, The Wilhelm and Martina Lundgren Foundation.
|
|
| 5. |
- Slinde, Frode, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
Total energy expenditure in underweight patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease living at home
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Clin Nutr. ; 22:2, s. 159-65
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The aim of the study was to assess total daily energy expenditure (TDE), as measured by doubly labelled water (DLW), and describe its components in home-living underweight patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: Basal metabolic rate (BMR) was measured prior to the study. Ten patients received DLW, followed by urine analysis by isotope ratio mass spectrometry from 10 standardised occasions during 15 days. Dietary intake was registered by each patient the first 7 days of the study. The patients were also interviewed about their physical activity pattern. RESULTS: Measured BMR was higher than predicted in five of the 10 patients using equations from WHO. Using disease-specific equations, estimated BMR was higher for male, but not for female COPD patients. The best estimation of BMR resulted from prediction including fat-free mass. TDE varied considerably between 5200 and 11,100 kJ. Physical activity level (PAL) ranged from 1.15 to 1.80. Energy intake varied between 4500 and 9100 kJ. In underweight patients with severe COPD, TDE is highly variable, ranging from 110 to 200 kJ/kg body weight. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study assessing and describing total energy expenditure in underweight patients with severe COPD living at home. Energy requirement in the patient group cannot solely be calculated from prediction equations. BMR should be measured and physical activity level assessed.
|
|
| 6. |
- Undeland, Ingrid, 1968, et al.
(författare)
-
Fish and Cardiovascular Health
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Scand. J. Nutr.. ; 48:3, s. 119-130
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
