| 1. |
- Villa, Luisa L., et al.
(författare)
-
Quadrivalent vaccine against human papillomavirus to prevent high-grade cervical lesions
- 2007
-
Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 356:19, s. 1915-1927
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus types 16 (HPV-16) and 18 (HPV-18) cause approximately 70% of cervical cancers worldwide. A phase 3 trial was conducted to evaluate a quadrivalent vaccine against HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 (HPV-6/11/16/18) for the prevention of high-grade cervical lesions associated with HPV-16 and HPV-18. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind trial, we assigned 12,167 women between the ages of 15 and 26 years to receive three doses of either HPV-6/11/16/18 vaccine or placebo, administered at day 1, month 2, and month 6. The primary analysis was performed for a per-protocol susceptible population that included 5305 women in the vaccine group and 5260 in the placebo group who had no virologic evidence of infection with HPV-16 or HPV-18 through 1 month after the third dose (month 7). The primary composite end point was cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3, adenocarcinoma in situ, or cervical cancer related to HPV-16 or HPV-18. RESULTS: Subjects were followed for an average of 3 years after receiving the first dose of vaccine or placebo. Vaccine efficacy for the prevention of the primary composite end point was 98% (95.89% confidence interval [CI], 86 to 100) in the per-protocol susceptible population and 44% (95% CI, 26 to 58) in an intention-to-treat population of all women who had undergone randomization (those with or without previous infection). The estimated vaccine efficacy against all high-grade cervical lesions, regardless of causal HPV type, in this intention-to-treat population was 17% (95% CI, 1 to 31). CONCLUSIONS: In young women who had not been previously infected with HPV-16 or HPV-18, those in the vaccine group had a significantly lower occurrence of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia related to HPV-16 or HPV-18 than did those in the placebo group.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Pleijel, Håkan, 1958, et al.
(författare)
-
Differential ozone sensitivity in an old and a modem Swedish wheat cultivar - grain yield and quality, leaf chlorophyll and stomatal conductance
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Environmental and Experimental Botany. - : Elsevier BV. - 0098-8472. ; 56:1, s. 63-71
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Field-grown crops of one modem ('Dragon') and one 100-year old ('Lantvete') wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar were exposed to charcoal-filtered air (CF) or non-filtered air plus additional ozone (NF+) in open-top chambers (n = 6). Ambient air plots (11 = 3) were used to monitor the effects of the chamber enclosure. Quantitative (ear weight, harvest index and 1000-grain weight), as well as qualitative (grain concentration of N. P. K, Ca, Mg, Cd), aspects of crop yield were studied. In addition, the chlorophyll content of the top leaf was followed during the 10-week-long ozone exposure and flag leaf stomatal conductance was monitored. Ear weight was negatively affected by ozone. The effect was smaller in the lower yielding 'Lantvete' compared to the modem cultivar 'Dragon'. A similar ozone effect was found for the harvest index and 1000-grain weight. The difference between cultivars was small for 1000-grain weight, with harvest index significantly lower in 'Lantvete' compared with 'Dragon'. The crude protein concentration of the grain was higher in 'Lantvete', and was enhanced by ozone exposure. No significant treatment or cultivar effects were observed on grain Ca and Cd concentrations, but the greatest chamber effect was on Cd, which was considerably higher in grain from treatment chambers compared with ambient air (possibly due to the higher rate of transpiration in the plants enclosed in the chambers). There were strong differences with respect to grain P, K and Mg concentration between cultivars; 'Lantvete' exhibiting higher concentrations than 'Dragon' in all cases, apart from K. Weak, but significant, increases in grain P, K and Mg concentrations were evident in O-3-treated plants. The chlorophyll concentration of the flag leaf was negatively affected by ozone exposure after approximately I month, but chlorophyll content declined faster in 'Dragon' than 'Lantvete'. Flag leaf chlorophyll concentration was significantly lower in 'Lantvete' compared with 'Dragon' before onset of ozone effects in NF+ and during most of the experiment in CF. Stomatal conductance was also significantly lower in 'Lantvete' than in 'Dragon'. The most important conclusion drawn from the present study is that the 'older' cultivar, 'Lantvete', was less affected by ozone than the modem, bred cultivar, 'Dragon'. This observation might to a large extent be explained by the higher stomatal conductance exhibited by the modern wheat cultivar. The result is consistent with earlier investigations for Greek wheat cultivars, and suggests that the findings reported by others, based on vegetative growth, may extend to grain yield. Growth dilution effects (i.e. the lower observed concentration of an element at higher biomass yield) may explain observed differences between cultivars, and between ozone treatments, in the level of various elements, except for potassium. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 6. |
- Svensen, Erling, et al.
(författare)
-
Health complaints and satisfied with the job? : A cross-sectional study on work environment, job satisfaction, and subjective health complaints
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - 1076-2752 .- 1536-5948. ; 49:5, s. 568-573
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of subjective health complaints (SHCs) among satisfied and dissatisfied workers. The second aim was to evaluate whether any SHC differences were attributable directly to the work environment or mediated by the individual perception of the environment (satisfactory or not). METHOD: In a cross-sectional study of 458 employees (56% women) in 5 different organizations, work environment, job satisfaction, and SHC were measured. RESULTS: Satisfied workers reported an average of five to six subjective health complaints that correspond to the prevalence found in a Norwegian general population. Work environment explained 43% of the variance for job satisfaction and 9% of the variance in SHCs. CONCLUSION: SHCs are common among satisfied workers. Work environment has only a limited influence on this validated health indicator.
|
|
