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- Ferreri, AJM, et al.
(författare)
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Anthracycline-based chemotherapy as primary treatment for intravascular lymphoma
- 2004
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Ingår i: Annals of Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1569-8041 .- 0923-7534. ; 15:8, s. 1215-1221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Optimal therapeutic management of intravascular lymphoma (IVL) lacks precise guidelines. Patients and methods: The clinico-pathological features of 38 HIV-negative patients with IVL were reviewed to define efficacy of chemotherapy in these malignancies. Clinical characteristics of 22 patients treated with chemotherapy and of 16 untreated patients were compared in order to understand better the impact and causes of potential patient selection. Results: Median age was 70 years (range 34-90), with a male/female ratio of 0.9; 23 (61%) patients had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG-PS) >1;21 (55%) had systemic symptoms. Cutaneous lesions and anemia were significantly more common among patients treated with chemotherapy; central nervous system (CNS) and renal involvement were significantly more common among untreated patients. Chemotherapy was associated with a response rate of 59% and a 3-year overall survival of 33 +/- 11%. Five of six patients with CNS involvement received chemotherapy: four of them died early; only one patient, treated with adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate, bleomycin and prednisolone (MACOP-B) followed by high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), was alive at 19 months. High-dose chemotherapy supported by ASCT was indicated at diagnosis in another patient (43 years of age, stage 1), who was alive at 71 months, and at relapse after cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (CHOP) in two patients who died early after transplantation. PS less than or equal to 1, disease limited to the skin, stage 1, and use of chemotherapy were independently associated with better outcome. Conclusions: Anthracycline-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment for IVL. However, survival is disappointing, with a relevant impact of diagnostic delay and lethal complications. More intensive combinations, containing drugs with higher CNS bioavailability, are needed in cases with brain involvement, and the role of high-dose chemotherapy supported by ASCT should be further investigated in younger patients with unfavorable features.
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- Mantsinen, M. J., et al.
(författare)
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On the role of different phasings of the ICRF antennas in optimized shear discharges in JET
- 2000
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 40:10, s. 1773-1789
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In discharges with internal transport barriers produced by combined NBI and ICRF heating using the hydrogen minority scheme in JET, confinement and fusion performance are strongly affected by the direction of propagation of the ICRF waves. When the waves propagate along the plasma current, the formation of an internal transport barrier is prompter and the neutron yield is up to a factor of two higher than that for propagation against the current. An ICRF induced pinch of resonating trapped ions is put forward as a candidate for explaining the observations. Simulation results are presented which show that this effect is strong enough to provide a credible explanation for the experimental results.
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- Parker, P, et al.
(författare)
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Progress in integrated assessment and modelling
- 2002
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Ingår i: Environmental Modelling & Software. - 1364-8152. ; 17:3, s. 209-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental processes have been modelled for decades. However. the need for integrated assessment and modeling (IAM) has,town as the extent and severity of environmental problems in the 21st Century worsens. The scale of IAM is not restricted to the global level as in climate change models, but includes local and regional models of environmental problems. This paper discusses various definitions of IAM and identifies five different types of integration that Lire needed for the effective solution of environmental problems. The future is then depicted in the form of two brief scenarios: one optimistic and one pessimistic. The current state of IAM is then briefly reviewed. The issues of complexity and validation in IAM are recognised as more complex than in traditional disciplinary approaches. Communication is identified as a central issue both internally among team members and externally with decision-makers. stakeholders and other scientists. Finally it is concluded that the process of integrated assessment and modelling is considered as important as the product for any particular project. By learning to work together and recognise the contribution of all team members and participants, it is believed that we will have a strong scientific and social basis to address the environmental problems of the 21st Century.
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- Sips, A. C. C., et al.
(författare)
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An international database for the study of the formation of ITBs in tokamaks
- 2002
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Ingår i: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - 0741-3335 .- 1361-6587. ; 44, s. A391-A398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the first time, data from eight,different tokamaks have been combined in an international database for internal transport barriers (ITBs). An analysis of the data for the formation of an ITB with dominant ion heating shows a clear dependence of the threshold power on the minor radius and line-averaged electron density for the formation of ion ITBs. The dependence of ITB formation on the toroidal magnetic field is weak. For the formation of ITBs with dominant electron heating, the database is smaller, but for the threshold power a strong increase with plasma size and a weak toroidal field dependence could also be identified. Based on these results, an expression for the power required to form an ITB is given using global variables only. These results give a basis for the analysis of the database using local values (like magnetic shear) and a detailed comparison with theory-based models.
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- Andre, M., Behlke, R., Wahlund, J.E., Vaivads, A., Eriksson, A., Tjulin, A., Carozzi, T. D., Cully, C., Gustafsson, G., Sundkvist, D., Khotyaintsev, Y., Cornilleau-Wehrlin, N., Rezeau, L., Maksimovic, M., Lucek, E., Balogh, A., Dunlop, M., Lindqvist, P.A.
(författare)
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Multi-spacecraft observations of broadband waves near the lower hybrid frequency at the Earthward edge of the magnetopause.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Annales Geophysicae. ; 19:6, s. 1471-1481
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Broadband waves around the lower hybrid frequency (around 10 Hz) near the magnetopause are studied, using the four Cluster satellites. These waves are common at the Earthward edge of the boundary layer, consistent with earlier observations, and can have a
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| 8. |
- Andre, M., et al.
(författare)
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Multi-spacecraft observations of broadband waves near the lower hybrid frequency at the Earthward edge of the magnetopause
- 2001
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Ingår i: Annales Geophysicae. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 0992-7689 .- 1432-0576. ; 19:12-okt, s. 1471-1481
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Broadband waves around the lower hybrid frequency (around 10 Hz) near the magnetopause are studied, using the four Cluster satellites. These waves are common at the Earthward edge of the boundary layer, consistent with earlier observations, and can have amplitudes at least up to 5 mV/m. These waves are similar on all four Cluster satellites, i.e. they are likely to be distributed over large areas of the boundary. The strongest electric fields occur during a few seconds, i.e. over distances of a few hundred km in the frame of the moving magnetopause, a scale length comparable to the ion gyroradius. The strongest magnetic oscillations in the same frequency range are typically found in the boundary layer, and across the magnetopause. During an event studied in detail, the magnetopause velocity is consistent with a large-scale depression wave, i.e. an inward bulge of magnetosheath plasma, moving tailward along the nominal magnetopause boundary. Preliminary investigations indicate that a rather flat front side of the large-scale wave is associated with a rather static small-scale electric field, while a more turbulent backside of the large-scale wave is associated with small-scale time varying electric field wave packets.
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- Bergdahl, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Coping and self-image in patients with visual display terminal-related skin symptoms and perceived hypersensitivity to electricity
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 77:8, s. 538-542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aim of the present study was to measure coping resources and self-image in patients with visual display terminal (VDT)-related skin symptoms and hypersensitivity to electricity (HE).Methods: From 1980 to 1998, 350 patients with electrical sensitivity were registered. The patients were subdivided into two groups: patients with skin symptoms evoked by VDTs, television screens, and fluorescent-light tubes and patients with so-called hypersensitivity to electricity with multiple symptoms evoked by exposure to different electrical environments. A questionnaire was sent to all patients and contained the coping resources inventory (CRI) and the structural analysis of social behaviour (SASB) in order for us to measure coping resources and self-image, respectively. The CRI and SASB scores were compared with those of control groups. Two hundred and fifty respondents (73%) returned the questionnaire, 200 (78.5% women) in the VDT group and 50 (62% women) in the HE group.Results: The patient group rated high on the CRI spiritual/philosophical scale and high on the SASB spontaneous, positive and negative clusters but low on the controlled cluster. The female patients scored high on the CRI emotional scale. The VDT group rated lower than the controls on the SASB controlled cluster and higher on both the positive and negative cluster. The HE group scored higher than the control group on the SASB spontaneous and positive clusters. The women in the HE group scored higher on the CRI cognitive and CRI total scale than the VDT group and control group and higher on the CRI emotional scale than the controls. The women in the HE group rated higher than both the women in the VDT and control groups on the SASB spontaneous and positive clusters.Conclusions: The deviant self-image found in these patients, especially the female HE patients, support the view that VDT and HE symptoms can be stress related. In the clinic, a trustful alliance should be established with the patient in order for a more realistic view to be achieved of the capacity.
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- Åberg, N David, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Growth hormone increases connexin-43 expression in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Endocrinology. - 0013-7227. ; 141:10, s. 3879-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several studies indicate that systemic GH influences various brain functions. Connexin-43 forms gap junctions that mediate intercellular communication and establish the astroglial syncytium. We investigated the effects of peripheral administration of bovine GH (bGH) and recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I (rhIGF-I) on the expression of connexin-43 in the rat brain. Hypophysectomized female Sprague Dawley rats were substituted with cortisol (400 microg/kg x day) and L-T4 (10 microg/kg x day) and treated with either bGH (1 mg/kg x day) or rhIGF-I (0.85 mg/kg x day) for 19 days. The abundance of connexin-43 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein in the brainstem, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus was quantified by means of ribonuclease protection assays and Western blots. Treatment with bGH increased the amounts of connexin-43 mRNA and protein in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus. No changes were found in the brainstem or hippocampus. Infusion of rhIGF-I did not affect connexin-43 mRNA or protein levels in any of the brain regions studied. These results show that administration of bGH increases the abundance of cx43 in specific brain regions, suggesting that GH may influence gap junction formation and thereby intercellular communication in the brain.
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