| 1. |
- Brännström, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Inequalities in educational outcomes in individuals with childhood experience of out-of-home care : What are driving the differences?
- 2020
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 15:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundPrior research has shown that individuals with experience of out-of-home care (foster family care or residential care) in childhood are educationally disadvantaged compared to their peers. In order to be better equipped to design interventions aimed at improving the educational outcomes of children for whom society has assumed responsibility, this study seeks to further our understanding about which factors that contribute to the educational disparities throughout the life course.MethodsUsing longitudinal data from a cohort of more than 13,000 Swedes, of which around 7% have childhood experience of out-of-home care, Peters-Belson decomposition is utilized to quantify the extent to which the gap in educational achievement in school (age 16) and midlife educational attainment (age 50) captures differences in the prevalence of factors influencing educational outcomes, and differences in the impacts between these factors.ResultsWe find that the achievement and the attainment gap was around 13% and 9% respectively. These gaps were to a large extent explained by differences in the distribution of predictors. The major explanatory factor for placed children’s lower achievement was a lower average cognitive ability. Yet there were some evidence that the rewards of cognitive ability in these children differed across the life course. While the lower returns of cognitive ability suggest that they were underperforming in compulsory school, the higher returns of cognitive ability on midlife attainment indicate that–given previous underperformance–their attainment at age 50 reflects their cognitive capacity more accurately than their achievement at age 16 do.ConclusionThe large influence of the unequal distribution of predictors suggests that policy efforts are needed to promote equity in the distribution of factors contributing to educational achievement and attainment. Since cognitive ability was found to be an important contributory factor, such efforts may include promoting cognitive and intellectual development among children in out-of-home care, preferably starting at a young age.
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| 2. |
- Forsman, Hilma, et al.
(författare)
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Criminal outcomes among infants placed in out-of-home care: A longitudinal nationwide cohort study
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect. - 0145-2134 .- 1873-7757. ; 154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Infant placements into out-of-home care have garnered increased research and societal attention, yet the long-term outcomes of this vulnerable group are virtually unknown.Objective: This study aims to examine the association between infant placement and criminal offences across the life course, contrasting with general population peers and children placed at later developmental periods.Participants and setting: The study includes 622,940 individuals born in Sweden between 1975 and 1981, among whom around 0.2 % (n = 1524) were taken into care during infancy (<12 months).Methods: Utilizing Swedish longitudinal population-based register data, sex-stratified hurdle regression analyses, adjusted for individual and family background characteristics, were conducted to investigate the risk and rates of criminal offences ages 15–38.Results: Infants placed in care exhibited higher risks of any criminal offence compared to the general population (men: RR = 1.32, p < 0.001, women RR = 1.47, p < 0.001), but lower risks compared to children placed at later ages. Incidence-adjusted rates of offences were also higher among infants compared to their general population peers (men: IRR = 2.54, p < 0.001, women: IRR = 2.77, p < 0.001), with differences to other care groups being less pronounced.Conclusions: Infant placement in care is associated with an increased risk of criminal activity over the life course.
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| 3. |
- Forsman, Hilma, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Cumulative Childhood Adversity and Long-Term Educational Outcomes in Individuals with Out-of-Home Care Experience : Do Multiples Matter for a Population Defined by Adversity?
- 2022
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Ingår i: British Journal of Social Work. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0045-3102 .- 1468-263X. ; 52:5, s. 2495-2514
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has demonstrated a graded relationship between cumulative childhood adversity and adverse later outcomes. Individuals with out-of-home care (OHC) experience constitute a population characterised by both childhood and educational disadvantages. Based on a fifty-year follow-up of a Stockholm cohort born in 1953, the purpose of this study was to examine the associations between cumulative childhood adversity and long-term educational outcomes in this group. The cumulative disadvantage perspective suggests that there would be a negative association, while the disadvantage saturation perspective implies that cumulative adversity would be less consequential for disadvantaged individuals. By means of multigroup path analysis, we furthermore asked whether this association may differ in relation to individuals with child welfare contact (CWC) and to the general population (GP). Adjusting for socioeconomic conditions and cognitive ability, cumulative childhood adversity had a negative influence on midlife educational attainment in the GP. However, it did not seem to influence the educational outcomes of neither OHC experienced individuals nor individuals with other types of CWC. The results of this study thus lend support to the disadvantage saturation perspective. Further studies are needed to explore this relationship.
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| 4. |
- Forsman, Hilma
(författare)
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Exploring educational pathways over the life course in children with out-of-home care experience : A multi-group path analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Children and youth services review. - : Elsevier BV. - 0190-7409 .- 1873-7765. ; 111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is well-established that children with out-of-home care (OHC) experience perform poorly in the educational system. However, we know less about their educational pathways over the life course. Utilizing longitudinal prospective survey and register data with a follow-up to more than 60 years of age, this study compared educational outcomes over the life course between children with OHC experience and their same-aged peers. Moreover, by means of multi-group path analysis, the study explored differences in educational pathways. The results showed that the OHC group had lower school grades in sixth grade, in ninth grade as well as lower educational attainment in middle age. Cognitive ability and previous school performance had the largest associations with the outcomes in both groups. Yet, these predictors had significantly weaker influence in the OHC-group. Conversely, the birth family's attitude towards higher education was more important among children with OHC experience. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
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| 5. |
- Forsman, Hilma, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Placerade barns utbildningsvägar : Från mellanstadiet till medelåldern
- 2021
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Ingår i: Socialvetenskaplig tidskrift. - 1104-1420 .- 2003-5624. ; 28:3, s. 249-268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Såväl svensk som internationell forskning visar att barn som placerats i samhällsvård har sämre skolresultat än andra barn. Däremot är kunskapen om hur deras utbildningskarriärer ser ut över en längre tid begränsad. Med hjälp av en femtioårig uppföljning av en kohort bestående av drygt 12 000 personer födda 1953, av vilka nästan 8 procent varit placerade före 13 års ålder, har vi följt deras utbildningsvägar över nästan hela livsförloppet. Analyserna fokuserade på hur de placerade barnens utbildningsambitioner, prestationer och val från årskurs 6 och framåt skilde sig från barn som haft barnavårdskontakt utan att placeras respektive barn utan barnavårdskontakt. Resultaten visade att de placerade barnen genomgående presterat sämre och gjort mindre ambitiösa utbildningsval än barnen utan barnavårdskontakt. Däremot var de placerade barnens utbildning lik och i vissa fall till och med bättre än utbildningen för dem som haft barnavårdskontakt. Våra resultat visade också att möjligheterna att återuppta studier i vuxen ålder tycks ha spelat en viktig roll för alla barn, inte minst de placerade barnen.
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| 6. |
- Forsman, Hilma, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Timing of higher education completion in out-of-home care experienced individuals : On schedule or delayed?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Developmental Child Welfare. - 2516-1032 .- 2516-1040. ; 5:4, s. 190-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is well known that individuals with out-of-home care (OHC) experience tend to have lower educational attainment than their peers in young adulthood, and a number of interventions have been implemented to increase their higher education outcomes. However, the timing of their higher education completion, and whether they experience educational recovery over the life course, is largely unknown. Using longitudinal Swedish data from a birth cohort of more than 13,000 individuals, this study examined OHC experienced individuals’ chances of having a higher education, here defined as a record of postsecondary education of two years or more, in midlife (age 50) and whether the timing of completion differs between them and a group of individuals who had child welfare contact (CWC) without being placed, and a group of general population peers. Results from multivariable logistic regressions corroborated prior findings that individuals who have been placed in OHC were less likely to have completed higher education compared to their general population peers. However, among those who did, they were more likely to have completed it later in life. Overall, there were no differences between the OHC group and the CWC group, both groups may thus not only benefit from specific support but also from more general inclusive education policies that allow for life-long learning.
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| 7. |
- Seker, Süheyla, et al.
(författare)
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Mental disorders into adulthood among adolescents placed in residential care : A prospective 10-year follow-up study
- 2022
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Ingår i: European psychiatry. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; 65:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Child welfare and juvenile justice placed youths show high levels of psychosocial burden and high rates of mental disorders. It remains unclear how mental disorders develop into adulthood in these populations. The aim was to present the rates of mental disorders in adolescence and adulthood in child welfare and juvenile justice samples and to examine their mental health trajectories from adolescence into adulthood.Methods. Seventy adolescents in shared residential care, placed by child welfare (n = 52, mean age = 15 years) or juvenile justice (n = 18, mean age = 17 years) authorities, were followed up into adulthood (child welfare: mean age = 25 years; juvenile justice: mean age = 27 years). Mental disorders were assessed based on the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision diagnoses at baseline and at follow-up. Epidemiological information on mental disorders was presented for each group. Bivariate correlations and structural equation modeling for the relationship of mental disorders were performed.Results. In the total sample, prevalence rates of 73% and 86% for any mental disorder were found in adolescence (child welfare: 70%; juvenile justice: 83%) and adulthood (child welfare: 83%; juvenile justice: 94%) respectively. General psychopathology was found to be stable from adolescence into adulthood in both samples.Conclusions. Our findings showed high prevalence rates and a high stability of general psychopathology into adulthood among child welfare and juvenile justice adolescents in Swiss residential care. Therefore, continuity of mental health care and well-prepared transitions into adulthood for such individuals is highly warranted.
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