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- Aamodt, K., et al.
(författare)
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The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3:S08002
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a general-purpose, heavy-ion detector at the CERN LHC which focuses on QCD, the strong-interaction sector of the Standard Model. It is designed to address the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at extreme values of energy density and temperature in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Besides running with Pb ions, the physics programme includes collisions with lighter ions, lower energy running and dedicated proton-nucleus runs. ALICE will also take data with proton beams at the top LHC energy to collect reference data for the heavy-ion programme and to address several QCD topics for which ALICE is complementary to the other LHC detectors. The ALICE detector has been built by a collaboration including currently over 1000 physicists and engineers from 105 Institutes in 30 countries, Its overall dimensions are 16 x 16 x 26 m(3) with a total weight of approximately 10 000 t. The experiment consists of 18 different detector systems each with its own specific technology choice and design constraints, driven both by the physics requirements and the experimental conditions expected at LHC. The most stringent design constraint is to cope with the extreme particle multiplicity anticipated in central Pb-Pb collisions. The different subsystems were optimized to provide high-momentum resolution as well as excellent Particle Identification (PID) over a broad range in momentum, up to the highest multiplicities predicted for LHC. This will allow for comprehensive studies of hadrons, electrons, muons, and photons produced in the collision of heavy nuclei. Most detector systems are scheduled to be installed and ready for data taking by mid-2008 when the LHC is scheduled to start operation, with the exception of parts of the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS), Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) and Electro Magnetic Calorimeter (EMCal). These detectors will be completed for the high-luminosity ion run expected in 2010. This paper describes in detail the detector components as installed for the first data taking in the summer of 2008.
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- Fuchs, Dieter, 1979-
(författare)
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Novel Treatment Modalities for High-Risk Neuroblastoma : Studies in Animal Models
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood, is a heterogeneous tumor. In some patients, the tumor can go into spontaneous regression and disappear whereas other patients have rapidly growing tumors with a poor prognosis. The overall long-term survival rate in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma is less than 30%, indicating the need for new treatment strategies. Angiogenesis inhibition hampers the formation of new blood vessels, thereby limiting the tumors’ metabolic exchange. Neuroblastoma is rapidly growing and high tumor angiogenesis has been associated with poor outcome. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to investigate the effect of novel treatment modalities for angiogenesis inhibition on high-risk neuroblastoma xenografts. For that purpose, we used subcutaneous mouse models and characterized orthotopic mouse models for high-risk neuroblastoma. We found that xenotransplantation of neuroblastoma cells into the adrenal gland of SCID and SCID beige mice resulted in orthotopic tumors resembling clinical neuroblastoma in respect to tumor site, growth and spread. Using contrast-enhanced ultrasound, we observed that the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor SU11248 reduced orthotopic neuroblastoma growth and spread by reducing tumor angiogenesis.In subcutaneous xenografts for high-risk neuroblastoma, valuable for studies requiring continuous assessment of tumor volume, we demonstrated that immune-neutralizing VEGF with the anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab significantly reduced neuroblastoma growth. Finally, we found that formulations of the chemotherapeutic drug GMX1778 inhibited angiogenesis and induced tumor regression in a dose dependent manner without host toxicity. We showed that relapsing tumors remained responsive to GMX-therapy without accelerated growth or induced drug resistance.In conclusion, SU11248, bevacizumab, and formulations of the active compound GMX1778 may become useful for treating high-risk neuroblastoma.
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- Abdulle, Sahra, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal fluid viral load and intrathecal immune activation in individuals infected with different HIV-1 genetic subtypes
- 2008
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 3:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: HIV-1 exhibits a high degree of genetic diversity and is presently divided into 3 distinct HIV-1 genetic groups designated major (M), non-M/non-O (N) and outlier (O). Group M, which currently comprises 9 subtypes (A-D, F-H, J and K), at least 34 circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) and several unique recombinant forms (URFs) is responsible for most of the HIV-1 epidemic. Most of the current knowledge of HIV-1 central nervous system (CNS) infection is based on subtype B. However, subtypes other than subtype B account for the majority of global HIV-1 infections. Therefore, we investigated whether subtypes have any influence on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of HIV-1 CNS infection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: CSF HIV-1 RNA, CSF neopterin and CSF white blood cell (WBC) count were measured in patients infected with different HIV-1 subtypes. Using multivariate regression analysis, no differences in the CSF WBC count, neopterin and viral load were found between various HIV-1 subtypes. CONCLUSIONS: We did not find any subtype-dependent differences in the markers evaluated in this study.
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- Amundadottir, Laufey, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study identifies variants in the ABO locus associated with susceptibility to pancreatic cancer.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 41, s. 986-990
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We conducted a two-stage genome-wide association study of pancreatic cancer, a cancer with one of the lowest survival rates worldwide. We genotyped 558,542 SNPs in 1,896 individuals with pancreatic cancer and 1,939 controls drawn from 12 prospective cohorts plus one hospital-based case-control study. We conducted a combined analysis of these groups plus an additional 2,457 affected individuals and 2,654 controls from eight case-control studies, adjusting for study, sex, ancestry and five principal components. We identified an association between a locus on 9q34 and pancreatic cancer marked by the SNP rs505922 (combined P = 5.37 x 10(-8); multiplicative per-allele odds ratio 1.20; 95% confidence interval 1.12-1.28). This SNP maps to the first intron of the ABO blood group gene. Our results are consistent with earlier epidemiologic evidence suggesting that people with blood group O may have a lower risk of pancreatic cancer than those with groups A or B.
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- Caraeni, D., et al.
(författare)
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Compact third-order multidimensional upwind discretization for steady and unsteady flow simulations
- 2005
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Ingår i: Computers & Fluids. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-7930 .- 1879-0747. ; 34:05-apr, s. 419-441
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose a new third-order multidimensional upwind algorithm for the solution of the flow equations on tetrahedral cells unstructured grids. This algorithm has a compact stencil (cell-based computations) and uses a finite element idea when computing the residual over the cell to achieve its third-order (spatial) accuracy. The construction of the new scheme is presented. The asymptotic accuracy for steady or unsteady, inviscid or viscous flow situations is proved using numerical experiments. The new high-order discretization proves to have excellent parallel scalability. Our studies show the advantages of the new compact third-order scheme when compared with the classical second-order multidimensional upwind schemes.
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- Fuchs, A., et al.
(författare)
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Nanowire fin field effect transistors via UV-based nanoimprint lithography
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B. - : American Vacuum Society. - 1071-1023 .- 1520-8567. ; 24:6, s. 2964-2967
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A triple step alignment process for UV nanoimprint lithography (UV-NIL) for the fabrication of nanoscale fin field effect transistors (FinFETs) is presented. An alignment accuracy is demonstrated between two functional layers of less than 20 nm (3 sigma). The electrical characterization of the FinFETs fabricated by a full NIL process demonstrates the potential of UV-NIL for future nanoelectronic devices.
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- Kjellman, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Open Peer Commentaries
- 2008
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Ingår i: Constructivist Foundations. - : ALEXANDER RIEGLER. - 1782-348X. ; 3:2, s. 65-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Open peer commentary on the target article "Who Conceives of Society?" by Ernst von Glasersfeld. First paragraph: Ernst von Glasersfeld sets out to explain how familiar patterns (signs) arise in private experience - and how they are extracted or " recognized" as such. These patterns are recursive, which imposes significance (familiarity) on them, and are, in the course of time, collected into a " bulk of experience." I think a convinced constructivist can - if hesitantly - accept his rendering, even though it is one that lacks the stringency one expects from a supposedly natural scientist ( 46). However, the crucial point is that this paper does not address the convinced constructivist but rather the opposite camps, and I doubt he succeeds in convincing them.
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- Klähn, T., et al.
(författare)
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Modern compact star observations and the quark matter equation of state
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 654:5-6, s. 170-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a hybrid equation of state (EoS) for dense matter that satisfies phenomenological constraints from modern compact star (CS) observations which indicate high maximum masses (M = 2 Msun) and large radii (R> 12 km). The corresponding isospin symmetric EoS is consistent with flow data analyses of heavy-ion collisions and a deconfinement transition at approx. 0.55 fm-3. The quark matter phase is described by a 3-flavor Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model that accounts for scalar diquark condensation and vector meson interactions while the nuclear matter phase is obtained within the Dirac-Brueckner-Hartree-Fock (DBHF) approach using the Bonn-A potential. We demonstrate that both pure neutron stars and neutron stars with quark matter cores (QCSs) are consistent with modern CS observations. Hybrid star configurations with a CFL quark core are unstable.
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- Secãreanu, Andrei, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental and numerical study of ground vortex interaction in an air-intake
- 2005
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Ingår i: 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit - Meeting Papers. ; , s. 4645-4654
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The airflow field around air-intake related geometries has been investigated experimentally and numerically. The configuration of the experimental set-up is used to model a jet engine running near the ground. The experiments have been carried out using both PIV and LDA techniques in order to obtain the mean and fluctuating velocity field as well as the low speed frequencies related to the system of ground vortices. The LDA data provided frequency data that cannot be obtained from conventional PIV measurements. Additionally, flow visualization, using smoke and different seeding particles have been performed to obtain qualitative information about the flow structures and the ground vortices. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) has been used to study, quantitatively and qualitatively, the flow field and the dynamics of the vortex structures. A comparison of the results in terms of the mean velocity field shows very good agreement between the experimental and the LES results. The computed solution of the flow field is used also to estimate the ingestion of particles into the air-intake. This study proves that small particles can be ingested into the jet engine. The limiting particle size depends on the flow conditions and the distance of the air-intake from the ground as well as its inclination relative to the ground.
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