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- Holmes, Michael V., et al.
(författare)
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Secretory Phospholipase A(2)-IIA and Cardiovascular Disease
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - : Elsevier. - 0735-1097 .- 1558-3597. ; 62:21, s. 1966-1976
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives This study sought to investigate the role of secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2))-IIA in cardiovascular disease. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanBackground Higher circulating levels of sPLA(2)-IIA mass or sPLA(2) enzyme activity have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. However, it is not clear if this association is causal. A recent phase III clinical trial of an sPLA(2) inhibitor (varespladib) was stopped prematurely for lack of efficacy. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods We conducted a Mendelian randomization meta-analysis of 19 general population studies (8,021 incident, 7,513 prevalent major vascular events [MVE] in 74,683 individuals) and 10 acute coronary syndrome (ACS) cohorts (2,520 recurrent MVE in 18,355 individuals) using rs11573156, a variant in PLA2G2A encoding the sPLA(2)-IIA isoenzyme, as an instrumental variable. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults PLA2G2A rs11573156 C allele associated with lower circulating sPLA(2)-IIA mass (38% to 44%) and sPLA(2) enzyme activity (3% to 23%) per C allele. The odds ratio (OR) for MVE per rs11573156 C allele was 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98 to 1.06) in general populations and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.90 to 1.03) in ACS cohorts. In the general population studies, the OR derived from the genetic instrumental variable analysis for MVE for a 1-log unit lower sPLA(2)-IIA mass was 1.04 (95% CI: 0.96 to 1.13), and differed from the non-genetic observational estimate (OR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.61 to 0.79). In the ACS cohorts, both the genetic instrumental variable and observational ORs showed a null association with MVE. Instrumental variable analysis failed to show associations between sPLA2 enzyme activity and MVE. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusions Reducing sPLA(2)-IIA mass is unlikely to be a useful therapeutic goal for preventing cardiovascular events.
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| 3. |
- Malyshev, O. B., et al.
(författare)
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Ar beam induced desorption from different materials at TSL
- 2010
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Ingår i: Vacuum. - : Elsevier BV. - 0042-207X .- 1879-2715. ; 85:2, s. 338-343
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes new experiments on the heavy ion desorption yield measurements with 5 MeV/u Ar8+ and summarizes all results of experiments with 5 MeV/u Ar8+ performed at The Svedberg Laboratory in Uppsala (Sweden). These results are important for the update and design of the FAIR facility at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research in Darmstadt (Germany) where the required increase in beam intensity is limited by ion induced pressure instability. It was shown that lowest desorption yields can be achieved with gold coatings, whereas grazing incident loss increases the desorption yield by roughly an order of magnitude compared to perpendicular loss. The desorption yield of saturated NEG samples was measured to be higher compared to any non pumping samples. The desorption yield of copper can be lower and higher compared to stainless steel depending on cleaning procedure and sample history. Additionally the secondary electron and ion yield was measured to be a few tens of electrons and ions emitted per projectile impact in backward direction. Their influence on the desorption yield due to secondary effects was less than 5% compared to the primary desorption by the high energetic projectile. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Perner, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Hydroxyethyl Starch 130/0.4 versus Ringer's Acetate in Severe Sepsis
- 2012
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 367:2, s. 124-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 is widely used for fluid resuscitation in intensive care units (ICUs), but its safety and efficacy have not been established in patients with severe sepsis. METHODS In this multicenter, parallel-group, blinded trial, we randomly assigned patients with severe sepsis to fluid resuscitation in the ICU with either 6% HES 130/0.4 or Ringer's acetate at a dose of up to 33 ml per kilogram of ideal body weight per day. The primary outcome measure was either death or end-stage kidney failure (dependence on dialysis) at 90 days after randomization. RESULTS Of the 804 patients who underwent randomization, 798 were included in the modified intention-to-treat population. The two intervention groups had similar baseline characteristics. At 90 days after randomization, 201 of 398 patients (51%) assigned to HES 130/0.4 had died, as compared with 172 of 400 patients (43%) assigned to Ringer's acetate (relative risk, 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.36; P=0.03); 1 patient in each group had end-stage kidney failure. In the 90-day period, 87 patients (22%) assigned to HES 130/0.4 were treated with renal-replacement therapy versus 65 patients (16%) assigned to Ringer's acetate (relative risk, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.80; P=0.04), and 38 patients (10%) and 25 patients (6%), respectively, had severe bleeding (relative risk, 1.52; 95% CI, 0.94 to 2.48; P=0.09). The results were supported by multivariate analyses, with adjustment for known risk factors for death or acute kidney injury at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Patients with severe sepsis assigned to fluid resuscitation with HES 130/0.4 had an increased risk of death at day 90 and were more likely to require renal-replacement therapy, as compared with those receiving Ringer's acetate.
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| 7. |
- Knaapila, M., et al.
(författare)
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Structural study of helical polyfluorene under high quasihydrostatic pressure
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics). - 1539-3755. ; 87:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on an x-ray diffraction (XRD) study of helical poly[9,9-bis(2-ethylhexyl)fluorene] (PF2/6) under high quasihydrostatic pressure and show an effect of pressure on the torsion angle (dihedral angle) between adjunct repeat units and on the hexagonal unit cell. A model for helical backbone conformation is constructed. The theoretical position for the most prominent 00l x-ray reflection is calculated as a function of torsion angle. The XRD of high molecular weight PF2/6 (M-n = 30 kg/mol) is measured through a diamond anvil cell upon pressure increase from 1 to 10 GPa. The theoretically considered 00l reflection is experimentally identified, and its shift with the increasing pressure is found to be consistent with the decreasing torsion angle between 2 and 6 GPa. This indicates partial backbone planarization towards a more open helical structure. The h00 peak is identified, and its shift together with the broadening of 00l implies impairment of the ambient hexagonal order, which begins at or below 2 GPa. Previously collected high-pressure photoluminescence data are reanalyzed and are found to be qualitatively consistent with the XRD data. This paper provides an example of how the helical pi-conjugated backbone structure can be controlled by applying high quasihydrostatic pressure without modifications in its chemical structure. Moreover, it paves the way for wider use of high-pressure x-ray scattering in the research of pi-conjugated polymers. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.87.022602
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| 9. |
- Saldan, Ivan, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrogen Sorption in the LiH-LiF-MgB2 System
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 117:33, s. 17360-17366
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A composite material in the LiH-LiF-MgB2 system has been synthesized by high-energy ball milling. Some peaks in addition to that of the binary 2LiH-MgB2 and 2LiF-MgB2 systems are observed for the composite material by high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry (HP-DSC), indicating the formation of intermediate phases. In situ synchrotron radiation powder X-ray diffraction (SR-PXD) performed at 60 bar of H-2 and 390 degrees C shows a superposition of both reaction pathways that are typical for 2LiH-MgB2 and 2LiF-MgB2. After hydrogen absorption of the LiH-LiF-MgB2 composite the vibrational modes of LiBH4 were observed by attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy. The F-19 MAS NMR spectrum of the LiF-LiBH4 sample after heat treatment in hydrogen is strongly dominated by the centerband and spinning sidebands from LiF; in addition, a low-intensity resonance, very similar to that of [BF4](-) ion, is identified.
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