| 1. |
- Bergman, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Pre-existing canine anti-IgG antibodies: implications for immunotherapy, immunogenicity testing and immunoassay analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the most enigmatic features of humoral immunity is the prevalent presence of circulating autoantibodies against IgG. These autoantibodies consist of several subsets, including rheumatoid factors, anti-Fab/anti-F(ab′)2-autoantibodies, and anti-idiotypic antibodies. Anti-IgG autoantibodies can impair the safety and efficacy of therapeutic antibodies and interfere with immunogenicity tests in clinical trials. They can also cross-react with allospecific IgG, presenting as heterophilic antibodies that interfere with diagnostic immunoassays. Owing to these factors, recent years have seen a resurgent interest in anti-IgG autoantibodies, but their underlying clinical significance, as well as biological roles and origins, remain opaque. Increased knowledge about canine anti-IgG autoantibodies could facilitate the development of canine immunotherapies and help in understanding and counteracting immunoassay interference. This study investigated the clinical significance and interconnection of heterophilic antibodies, anti-Fab, and anti-F(ab′)2-autoantibodies in dogs. We performed a 2-year prospective follow-up of dogs with heterophilic antibodies and analyzed serum for anti-Fab and anti-F(ab′)2-autoantibodies. Canine heterophilic antibodies can persist for at least 2 years in serum. A widespread occurrence of anti-Fab and anti-F(ab′)2-autoantibodies was found, with reactivity to cryptic epitopes in the IgG hinge region and sporadic cross-reactivity with mouse IgG. Canine anti-Fab and anti-F(ab′)2-autoantibodies are thus potential sources of clinical immunogenicity and immunoassay interference.
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| 2. |
- Nilsson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Elevated levels of IL-12/IL-23p40 in Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers with autoimmune disease and lymphoma
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever (NSDTR) is predisposed to immune mediated rheumatic disease (IMRD), steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA) and certain forms of cancer. Cytokines are the main regulators of the immune system. Interleukin 2 is a cytokine involved in activation of T regulatory cells, playing a role in central tolerance and tumor immunity. Interleukin 12 and interleukin 23 share the same subunit, p40, and are both pro-inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to compare levels of IL-2 in healthy NSDTRs to those with cancer or autoimmune disease and to compare levels of IL-12/IL-23p40 in healthy NSDTRs and beagles versus NSDTRs with cancer or autoimmune disease. 62 dogs were included in the analysis of IL-12/IL-23p40; healthy NSDTRs (n = 16), healthy beagles (n = 16), NSDTRs autoimmune (n = 18) and NDSTRs lymphoma/mastocytoma (n = 12) and 68 dogs for IL-2; healthy (n = 20), autoimmune (n = 36) and lymphoma/mastocytoma/adenocarcinoma (n = 12). NSDTRs with autoimmune disease had higher levels of IL-12/IL-23p40 compared to healthy dogs (p = 0.008). NSDTRs with lymphoma also had higher levels of IL-12/IL-23p40 compared to healthy NSDTRs (p = 0.002). There was no difference in levels of IL-2 between healthy and diseased NSDTR. Statistical analysis was performed using Bonferroni corrections for multiple testing. These findings can contribute to the knowledge of autoimmune disease and cancer in dogs.
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| 3. |
- Nilsson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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In sickness and health - a questionnaire based study regarding immune mediated diseases and neoplasia in Swedish Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers
- 2024
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Ingår i: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. - : Springer Nature. - 0044-605X .- 1751-0147. ; 66:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever (NSDTR) has previously been highlighted as a breed at risk for developing immune mediated diseases and cancer. The immune response is of great importance for the development of neoplastic disease and a dysregulated immune response may predispose to cancer. Two of the commonly seen immune mediated diseases in NSDTRs are immune mediated rheumatic disease (IMRD), which bears similarities to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affecting humans, and steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA), which is a non-infectious inflammation of the meninges and the leptomeningeal vessels. The aim of this survey study was to investigate the lifetime prevalence of immune mediated diseases and tumors among Swedish NSDTRs based on owners' information. The study design was cross-sectional. A questionnaire was sent to 4102 persons who owned or had previously owned a NSDTR. The questions concerned information about the dog and its overall health status as well as specific diseases.Results: The response rate was 30%, including 935 live NSDTRs, corresponding to approximately 20% of the current population registered in Sweden (n = 4564), and 177 dead dogs. The surveyed dogs were spread over different ages and sex and corresponded to the typical demographic profile of the general dog population. Of the 935 individuals that were alive, 28 dogs (3%) were reported as previously diagnosed with IMRD and 33 dogs (3.5%) were reported as previously diagnosed with SRMA, one dog was reported to have been diagnosed with both SRMA and IMRD. There were 129 dogs (14%) reported to have or have had a neoplasia of some kind. For the dead dogs (n = 177), almost 40% of the owners reported neoplasia as the main reason for death/euthanasia.Conclusion: This study reports an estimated lifetime prevalence of IMRD and SRMA, in the studied population of Swedish NSDTRs, of 3.0 and 3.5% respectively. In this study, 14% of the living dogs (n = 935) were reported to have a neoplasia of some kind and almost 40% of the deceased dogs (n = 177) were euthanized due to neoplasia or suspicion of it.
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| 4. |
- Öhlund, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in metabolic profiles between the Burmese, the Maine coon and the Birman cat-Three breeds with varying risk for diabetes mellitus
- 2021
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 16:4 April
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Feline diabetes mellitus shares many features with type 2 diabetes in people, regarding clinical presentation, physiology, and pathology. A breed predisposition for type 2 diabetes has been identified, with the Burmese breed at a fivefold increased risk of developing the condition compared to other purebred cats. We aimed to characterize the serum metabolome in cats (n = 63) using nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics, and to compare the metabolite pattern of Burmese cats with that of two cat breeds of medium or low risk of diabetes, the Maine coon (MCO) and Birman cat, respectively. Serum concentrations of adiponectin, insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 were also measured (n = 94). Burmese cats had higher insulin and lower adiponectin concentrations than MCO cats. Twenty one metabolites were discriminative between breeds using a multivariate statistical approach and 15 remained significant after adjustment for body weight and body condition score. Burmese cats had higher plasma levels of 2-hydroxybutyrate relative to MCO and Birman cats and increased concentrations of 2-oxoisocaproic acid, and tyrosine, and lower concentrations of dimethylglycine relative to MCO cats. The metabolic profile of MCO cats was characterized by high concentrations of arginine, asparagine, methionine, succinic acid and low levels of acetylcarnitine while Birman cats had the highest creatinine and the lowest taurine plasma levels, compared with MCO and Burmese. The pattern of metabolites in Burmese cats is similar to that in people with insulin resistance. In conclusion, the metabolic profile differed between healthy cats of three breeds. Detection of an abnormal metabolome might identify cats at risk of developing diabetes.
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