| 1. |
- Kaerlev, L, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational risk factors for small bowel carcinoid tumor: A European population-based case-control study
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - 1536-5948. ; 44:6, s. 516-522
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small bowel carcinoid tumor (SBC) is a rare disease of unknown etiology bill with all age-, sex-, and place-specific occurrence that may indicate an occupational origin. A European multicenter population-based case-control study was conducted from 1995 through 1997. Incident SBC cases between 35 and 69 years of age (n = 101) were identified, together with 3335 controls sampled from the catchment area of the cases. Histological review performed by a reference pathologist left 99 cases for study; 84 cases and 2070 population controls were interviewed. The industries most closely associated (a twofold or more odds ratio [OR]) with SBC taking into account a 10-year time lag after exposure were, among women, employment in wholesale industry of food and beverages (OR, 8.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], [1.9 to 34.9]) and among men, manufacture of motor vehicle bodies (OR, 5.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 22.4), footwear (OR, 3.9: 95% CI, 0.9 to 16.1), and metal structures (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.0 to 10.4). The identified high-risk occupations with all OR above 2 were shoemakers, structural metal preparers, construction painters and other construction workers. bookkeepers, machine fitters, and welders (men). The OR for regular occupational use of organic. solvents for at least half a year was 2.0 (95% CI, 1.0 to 4.2). Exposure to rust-preventive paint containing lead was suggested as another potential occupational exposure (OR, 9.1; 95% CI, 0.8 to 107). This explorative study suggests an association between certain occupational exposures and SBC, bill some of these associations could be attributable to chance. All findings should be regarded as tentative.
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| 2. |
- Kaerlev, L, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of smoking and medical history for development of small bowel carcinoid tumor: a European population-based case-control study
- 2002
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - 1573-7225. ; 13:1, s. 27-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Little is known about the etiology of small bowel carcinoid tumor (SBC), but a few studies have pointed to certain medical and lifestyle factors as potential risk factors. This study aims to evaluate these findings and to identify new associations. Methods: A population-based European multicenter case-control study was conducted from 1995 through 1997. Incident histologically verified 35-69 year-old SBC cases (n = 99) and 3335 controls were recruited; 84 cases and 2070 controls were interviewed. Results: Ever being a smoker was associated with SBC (odds ratio = 1.9; 95% confidence interval 1.1-3.2) and increased risk estimates were seen for all smoking categories. SBC was associated with previous gallstone disease and ovariectomy, but only when these conditions occurred within two years prior to the SBC diagnosis. No association was seen for a history of cholecystitis, liver cirrhosis, ulcerative disease, or Crohn's disease. Intake of alcoholic beverages - as well as medical treatments with radioactive substances, hormones, or corticosteroid tablets - were not associated with SBC. Conclusions: This study indicates that tobacco smoking is a risk factor for SBC. The associations with gallstone and ovarian diseases may be due to enhanced medical surveillance during the early phase of the cancer disease.
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| 3. |
- Morales, MM, et al.
(författare)
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Viral infection, atopy and mycosis fungoides : A European multicentre case-control study
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 39:4, s. 511-516
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a rare disease with an unknown aetiology, although it has been suggested that infections may play a role. The present study investigates whether infections, atopic disorders and some other diseases are risk indicators for MF. A European multicentre case-control study involving seven rare cancers, including MF, was conducted from 1995 to 1998. Patients between 35 and 69 years of age diagnosed with MF (n=140) were recruited, and the diagnoses were verified by a reference pathologist, who classified 83 cases as definitive and 35 cases as possible, 22 cases were not accepted. Of the 118 accepted cases, 104 patients were interviewed (including 76 definitive cases and 28 possible cases). These 76 definitive cases were used for this study. A common set of controls to serve all case groups were interviewed, representing a total of 4574 controls. The latter included 1008 colon cancer patients and 3566 subjects selected from population registers. Information on infections, skin pathology and clinical history 5 years before the diagnosis of MF was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) derived from logistic regression-modelling, which included gender, age and country. The highest ORs for MF were found in patients who reported a history of psoriasis 5 years before MF was diagnosed (OR 7.2, 95% CI: 3.6-14.5). Urticaria had an OR of 1.4 (95% CI: 0.6-3.6). Infections and atopic diseases were not closely associated with MF. Some diseases correlate to MF. Whether this has a causal background or reflects early diagnostic uncertainty is not known.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Axelson, Olav, 1937-, et al.
(författare)
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Leukemia in childhood and adolescence and exposure to ionizing radiation in homes built from uranium-containing alum shale concrete
- 2002
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Ingår i: Epidemiology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1044-3983 .- 1531-5487. ; 13:2, s. 146-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Concerns in Sweden about indoor radon around 1980 prompted measurements of gamma-radiation from the facades of houses to identify those constructed of uranium-containing alum shale concrete, with potentially high radon concentrations. To evaluate any possible risk of acute lymphocytic leukemia from exposure to elevated gamma-radiation in these homes, we identified the acute lymphocytic leukemia cases less than 20 years of age in Sweden during 1980-1989 as well as eight controls per case from the population registry, matching on age, gender, and county. Using the existing measurements, exposure was assessable for 312 cases and 1,418 controls from 151 properly measured municipalities. A conditional logistic odds ratio of 1.4 (95% confidence interval = 1.0-1.9) was obtained for those ever having lived in alum shale concrete houses, with the average exposure exceeding 0.10 microsieverts per hour. Comparing those who ever lived in alum shale concrete houses (divided by higher and lower annual average exposure) with those who never lived in such houses, we found a weak dose-response relation. The results suggest some risk of acute lymphocytic leukemia from indoor ionizing radiation among children and young adults.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Hardell, L, et al.
(författare)
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Cellular and cordless telephones and the risk for brain tumours
- 2002
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Ingår i: European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP). - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0959-8278. ; 11:4, s. 377-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Hardell, L, et al.
(författare)
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Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls in blood and the risk for testicular cancer
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Journal of Andrology. - : Wiley. - 0105-6263 .- 1365-2605. ; 27:5, s. 282-290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An increasing incidence of testicular cancer has been reported from several western countries during the last decades. According to current hypothesis testicular cancer is initiated during the foetal period and exposure to endocrine disruptors such as some persistent organic pollutants has been of concern. We have previously reported the results for concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethylene (pp'-DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and chlordanes in 58 cases with testicular cancer, 61 age-matched controls and 44 case mothers and 45 control mothers. In that report, significant increase of odds ratio (OR) was found for sum of PCBs, HCB, trans- and cis-nonachlordane in case mothers. These data have now been further analysed for 37 congeners of PCBs. No significant differences were found among cases and controls. However, case mothers had significantly increased concentrations of a number of PCB congeners. A priori decided grouping of PCBs yielded for oestrogenic PCBs OR = 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.95-6.0, enzyme-inducing PCBsOR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.03-6.5 and toxic equivalents (TEQ) yielded OR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.3-8.4. These data further elucidate the role of foetal exposure to different PCB congeners in the aetiology of testicular cancer.
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| 9. |
- Hardell, L, et al.
(författare)
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Increased concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls, hexachlorobenzene, and chlordanes in mothers of men with testicular cancer
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 111:7, s. 930-934
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An increasing incidence of testicular cancer has been reported from several countries in the Western world during the last decades. According to current hypothesis, testicular cancer is initiated during the fetal period, and exposure to endocrine disruptors, i.e., xenoestrogens, has been of concern. In this investigation we studied the concentrations of the sum of 38 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethylene, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and chlordanes, in 61 cases with testicular cancer and 58 age-matched controls. Furthermore, case and control mothers were also asked to participate, and 44 case mothers and 45 control mothers agreed. They were of similar age. In cases only the concentration on lipid basis of cis-nonachlordane was significantly increased, whereas case mothers showed significantly increased concentrations of the sum of PCBs, HCB, trans- and cis-nonachlordane, and the sum of chlordanes. Among case mothers the sum of PCBs yielded an odds ratio (OR) of 3.8, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4-10 was calculated using the median concentration for the control mothers as cutoff value. For HCB, OR = 4.4 (95% CI, 1.7-12), for trans-nonachlordane, OR = 4.1 (95% CI, 1.5-11), for cis-nonachlordane, OR = 3.1 (95% CI, 1.2-7.8), and for sum of chlordanes, OR = 1.9 (95% CI, 0.7-5.0). No consistent different risk pattern was found for seminoma. or nonseminoma testicular cancer.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Hardell, L, et al.
(författare)
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Is the decline of the increasing incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Sweden and other countries a result of cancer preventive measures?
- 2003
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Ingår i: Environmental Health Perspectives. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 1552-9924 .- 0091-6765. ; 111:14, s. 1704-1706
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Is the decline of the increasing incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in Sweden and other countries a result of cancer preventive measures? The yearly age-standardized incidence of NHL increased significantly in Sweden during 1971-1990, for men an average of 3.2% and for women 3.1%. The corresponding figures for 1991-2000 were -0.8% and -0.2%, respectively. A decline of the increasing incidence has also been seen in other countries, such as the United States, Finland, and Denmark. Immunosuppression is one established risk factor for NHL, possibly with interaction with Epstein-Barr virus. Phenoxyacetic acids and chlorophenols, both pesticides, have been associated with NHL. Use of these chemicals was banned in Sweden in 1977 and 1978, respectively. Also, persistent organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls, hexachlorobenzene, chlordanes, and dioxins have been shown to increase the risk. Exposure of the whole population occurs predominantly through the food chain. Exposure to such chemicals was highest in the 1960s and 1970s. Because of regulation in the 1970s, exposure has declined substantially in the population. The change in incidence of NHL in Sweden and other countries may serve as a good example of how prohibition and limitation of exposure may be reflected in cancer statistics some decades later.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Hardell, L, et al.
(författare)
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Radiofrequency exposure and the risk for brain tumors
- 2001
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Ingår i: Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.). - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1044-3983. ; 12:1, s. 135-135
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 15. |
- Hardell, L, et al.
(författare)
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Testicular cancer and occupational exposure to polyvinyl chloride plastics: A case-control study
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 109:3, s. 425-429
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exposure to polyvinyl chloride. (PVC) plastics as a risk factor for testicular cancer was investigated. In total, 981 cases who were 20-75 years old and had reported to the Swedish Cancer Registry during 1993-1997 were included. One matched control from the population registry was used. Exposure was assessed by a questionnaire that was supplemented over the phone. Furthermore, an occupational hygienist qualified all exposures. In all, 791 matched pairs completed the questionnaire. Overall exposure to PVC plastics gave the odds ratio (OR)= 1.35, 95% confidence interval (Cl)= 1.06-1.71, increasing with > 10 year latency period to OR= 1.45, 95% Cl = 1.06-1.98. No dose-response relationships were found but rather an inverse relationship with the highest odds ratios in the lowest exposure category. In conclusion, no clear association with testicular cancer and exposure to PVC could be found in our study in contrast to a previous observation.
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| 16. |
- Hardell, L, et al.
(författare)
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Vestibular schwannoma, tinnitus and cellular telephones
- 2003
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Ingår i: Neuroepidemiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0251-5350 .- 1423-0208. ; 22:2, s. 124-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cases with tinnitus after using analogue cellular telephones are presented. An increased odds ratio of 3.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.77–6.76, was found for vestibular schwannoma (VS) associated with the use of analogue cell phones. During the time period 1960–1998, the age-standardized incidence of VS in Sweden significantly increased yearly by +2.53% (CI 1.71–3.35). A significant increase in the incidence of VS was only found for the latter of the two time periods 1960–1979 and 1980–1998. For all other brain tumors taken together, the incidence significantly increased yearly by +0.80% (CI 0.59–1.02) for the time period 1960–1998, although the increase was only significant for benign tumors other than VS during 1960–1979.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Schildt, EB, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of p53, PCNA, Ki-67 and bcl-2 in relation to risk factors in oral cancer - a molecular epidemiological study
- 2003
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Ingår i: International Journal of Oncology. - 1019-6439 .- 1791-2423. ; 22:4, s. 861-868
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A group of 133 primary oral squamous cell carcinomas were studied concerning a relationship between exposure factors and tumour biological parameters with a focus on the TP53 gene and p53 protein status. Tumours were evaluated using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for expression of p53, PCNA, Ki-67 and bcl-2 proteins. The TP53 gene was studied for mutations using PCR amplification of exons 5-9 and single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. The collected data were correlated to the exposure factors smoking, oral snuff, liquor, oral infections, dental factors, dental X-ray and iron deficiency. When compared with matched controls only oral infections, and reported HSV-infections in particular, gave statistically significant ORs (odds ratio) for all tumours (OR 8.0) as well as for the group of IHC p53 positive tumours (OR 12). No association between smoking and p53 positivity was found (OR 1.0).
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| 19. |
- Tondel, Martin, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Increased cancer incidence in north Sweden-an early promoting effect caused by the chernobyl accident.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Epidemiology. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1044-3983. ; 14:5 Suppl., s. S94-S94
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: In Sweden the ground gamma radiation, due to uranium containing granite, contribute to the population's total radiation dose. After the Chemobyl nuclear power plant accident in 1986 as much as five percent of the released caesium-137 was deposited in Sweden, especially in the Northern part of the country. Our hypothesis was that this radiation caused increased cancer incidence, after adjustment by ground gamma radiation exposure.Methods: The study base included the population of eight counties with the highest fallout after the Chernobyl accident, but also with unaffected areas in these counties serving as the reference. Each person 0-60 years of age living in the same parish at 31 December 1985 and 31 December 1987 were included in a cohort. With the coordinate of each person's dwelling from the National Land Survey of Sweden a total of 1 137 106 individuals could be given 1) ground gamma radiation exposure from the digital map of the Swedish Geological Agency and 2) caesium-137 exposure from a similar map created by Swedish Radiation Protection Institute. Accuracy of the dwelling coordinate was 100 metres and for the radiation exposures 200 metres as done by aeroplane measurements. Three time periods were analysed 1988-1991, 1992-1995 and 1988-1999.Results: Population density, lung cancer incidence 1988-1999 and total cancer incidence 1986-1987 was risk factors for total cancer outcome in 1988-1999. Age adjusted ERR per 100 nGy/h for ground gamma radiation and total cancer incidence did not show any significant dose response measured, either in each three years time intervals or in the total period of 1988-1999. For caesium the ERR per 100 nGy/h (adjusted by population density, lung cancer incidence, total cancer incidence 1986-1987 and ground gamma radiation) was significant in 1988-1991 followed by a decline in risk 1992-1995 and then a slight but not complete return in risk. The ERR of 0.042 (95% CL 0.001;0.084) per 100 nGy/h for caesium exposure 1988-1999 is therefore dependent on the first three years increase, and to less extent by the following six years.Conclusion: We have found an early effect of the Chernobyl fallout in Northern Sweden. However, even in the ERR of 0.101 per 100 nGy/h is relatively low in 1988-1991, it is stable in a stepwise regression, and therefore indicating a true effect. An interpretation of our results could be that the sudden exposure of ionizing radiation from Chernobyl might have acted as a late stage general promotor for cancer. Such an early effect can hitherto been overlooked in previous studies.
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