| 1. |
- Aaboud, M, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of jet pT correlations in Pb + Pb and pp collisions at sNN=2.76 TeVwith the ATLAS detector
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 774, s. 379-402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurements of dijet pT correlations in Pb+Pb and pp collisions at a nucleon–nucleon centre-of-mass energy of sNN=2.76 TeV are presented. The measurements are performed with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider using Pb+Pb and pp data samples corresponding to integrated luminosities of 0.14 nb−1 and 4.0 pb−1, respectively. Jets are reconstructed using the anti-kt algorithm with radius parameter values R=0.3 and R=0.4. A background subtraction procedure is applied to correct the jets for the large underlying event present in Pb+Pb collisions. The leading and sub-leading jet transverse momenta are denoted pT1 and pT2. An unfolding procedure is applied to the two-dimensional (pT1,pT2) distributions to account for experimental effects in the measurement of both jets. Distributions of (1/N)dN/dxJ, where xJ=pT2/pT1, are presented as a function of pT1 and collision centrality. The distributions are found to be similar in peripheral Pb+Pb collisions and pp collisions, but highly modified in central Pb+Pb collisions. Similar features are present in both the R=0.3 and R=0.4 results, indicating that the effects of the underlying event are properly accounted for in the measurement. The results are qualitatively consistent with expectations from partonic energy loss models. © 2017 The Author
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| 2. |
- Aaboud, M, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of lepton differential distributions and the top quark mass in tt¯ production in pp collisions at √s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
- 2017
-
Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 77:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents single lepton and dilepton kinematic distributions measured in dileptonic tt¯ events produced in 20.2fb - 1 of s=8 TeV pp collisions recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. Both absolute and normalised differential cross-sections are measured, using events with an opposite-charge eμ pair and one or two b-tagged jets. The cross-sections are measured in a fiducial region corresponding to the detector acceptance for leptons, and are compared to the predictions from a variety of Monte Carlo event generators, as well as fixed-order QCD calculations, exploring the sensitivity of the cross-sections to the gluon parton distribution function. Some of the distributions are also sensitive to the top quark pole mass; a combined fit of NLO fixed-order predictions to all the measured distributions yields a top quark mass value of mtpole=173.2±0.9±0.8±1.2 GeV, where the three uncertainties arise from data statistics, experimental systematics, and theoretical sources. © 2017, CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS collaboration.
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| 3. |
- Aaboud, M, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the azimuthal anisotropy of charged particles produced in √sNN = 5.02 TeV Pb+Pb collisions with the ATLAS detector
- 2018
-
Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 78:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurements of the azimuthal anisotropy in lead–lead collisions at sNN = 5.02 TeV are presented using a data sample corresponding to 0.49 nb - 1 integrated luminosity collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in 2015. The recorded minimum-bias sample is enhanced by triggers for “ultra-central” collisions, providing an opportunity to perform detailed study of flow harmonics in the regime where the initial state is dominated by fluctuations. The anisotropy of the charged-particle azimuthal angle distributions is characterized by the Fourier coefficients, v2–v7, which are measured using the two-particle correlation, scalar-product and event-plane methods. The goal of the paper is to provide measurements of the differential as well as integrated flow harmonics vn over wide ranges of the transverse momentum, 0.5 < pT< 60 GeV, the pseudorapidity, | η| < 2.5, and the collision centrality 0–80%. Results from different methods are compared and discussed in the context of previous and recent measurements in Pb+Pb collisions at sNN = 2.76 TeV and 5.02 TeV. In particular, the shape of the pTdependence of elliptic or triangular flow harmonics is observed to be very similar at different centralities after scaling the vn and pTvalues by constant factors over the centrality interval 0–60% and the pTrange 0.5 < pT< 5 GeV. © 2018, CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS collaboration.
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| 4. |
- Aaboud, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Measurements of top-quark pair differential cross-sections in the lepton+jets channel in pp collisions at √s=13 TeV using the ATLAS detector
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479 .- 1126-6708. ; 2017:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurements of differential cross-sections of top-quark pair production in fiducial phase-spaces are presented as a function of top-quark and tt¯ system kinematic observables in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s=13 TeV. The data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb−1, recorded in 2015 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Events with exactly one electron or muon and at least two jets in the final state are used for the measurement. Two separate selections are applied that each focus on different top-quark momentum regions, referred to as resolved and boosted topologies of the tt¯ final state. The measured spectra are corrected for detector effects and are compared to several Monte Carlo simulations by means of calculated χ2 and p-values. © 2017, The Author(s).
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| 5. |
- Aaboud, M, et al.
(författare)
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Search for a Structure in the Bs0 π± Invariant Mass Spectrum with the ATLAS Experiment
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 120:20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A search for the narrow structure, X(5568), reported by the D0 Collaboration in the decay sequence X→Bs0π±, Bs0→J/ψφ, is presented. The analysis is based on a data sample recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC corresponding to 4.9 fb-1 of pp collisions at 7 TeV and 19.5 fb-1 at 8 TeV. No significant signal was found. Upper limits on the number of signal events, with properties corresponding to those reported by D0, and on the X production rate relative to Bs0 mesons, ρX, were determined at 95% confidence level. The results are N(X)
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| 6. |
- Aaboud, M, et al.
(författare)
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Search for Dark Matter Produced in Association with a Higgs Boson Decaying to b b Using 36 fb-1 of pp Collisions at s =13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 119:18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several extensions of the standard model predict associated production of dark-matter particles with a Higgs boson. Such processes are searched for in final states with missing transverse momentum and a Higgs boson decaying to a bb pair with the ATLAS detector using 36.1 fb-1 of pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the LHC. The observed data are in agreement with the standard model predictions and limits are placed on the associated production of dark-matter particles and a Higgs boson. © 2017 CERN, for the ATLAS Collaboration. Published by the American Physical Society.
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| 7. |
- Aaboud, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Search for exclusive Higgs and Z boson decays to ϕγ and ργ with the ATLAS detector
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479 .- 1126-6708. ; 2018:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A search for the exclusive decays of the Higgs and Z bosons to a ϕ or ρ meson and a photon is performed with a pp collision data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 35.6 fb−1 collected at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. These decays have been suggested as a probe of the Higgs boson couplings to light quarks. No significant excess of events is observed above the background, as expected from the Standard Model. Upper limits at 95% confidence level were obtained on the branching fractions of the Higgs boson decays to ϕγ and ργ of 4.8 × 10−4 and 8.8 × 10−4, respectively. The corresponding 95% confidence level upper limits for the Z boson decays are 0.9 × 10−6 and 25 × 10−6 for ϕγ and ργ, respectively.[Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2018, The Author(s).
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| 8. |
- Aaboud, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Search for Higgs boson pair production in the bb¯ WW * decay mode at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479 .- 1126-6708. ; 2019:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A search for Higgs boson pair production in the bb¯ WW * decay mode is performed in the bb¯ ℓνqq final state using 36.1 fb −1 of proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No evidence of events beyond the background expectation is found. Upper limits on the non-resonant pp → HH production cross section of 10 pb and on the resonant production cross section as a function of the HH invariant mass are obtained. Resonant production limits are set for scalar and spin-2 graviton hypotheses in the mass range 500 to 3000 GeV.[Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2019, The Author(s).
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| 9. |
- Alnaes, Dag, et al.
(författare)
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Brain Heterogeneity in Schizophrenia and Its Association With Polygenic Risk
- 2019
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Ingår i: JAMA psychiatry. - : AMER MEDICAL ASSOC. - 2168-6238 .- 2168-622X. ; 76:7, s. 739-748
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ImportanceBetween-individual variability in brain structure is determined by gene-environment interactions, possibly reflecting differential sensitivity to environmental and genetic perturbations. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have revealed thinner cortices and smaller subcortical volumes in patients with schizophrenia. However, group-level comparisons may mask considerable within-group heterogeneity, which has largely remained unnoticed in the literature. ObjectivesTo compare brain structural variability between individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls and to test whether respective variability reflects the polygenic risk score (PRS) for schizophrenia in an independent sample of healthy controls. Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis case-control and polygenic risk analysis compared MRI-derived cortical thickness and subcortical volumes between healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia across 16 cohorts and tested for associations between PRS and MRI features in a control cohort from the UK Biobank. Data were collected from October 27, 2004, through April 12, 2018, and analyzed from December 3, 2017, through August 1, 2018. Main Outcomes and MeasuresMean and dispersion parameters were estimated using double generalized linear models. Vertex-wise analysis was used to assess cortical thickness, and regions-of-interest analyses were used to assess total cortical volume, total surface area, and white matter, subcortical, and hippocampal subfield volumes. Follow-up analyses included within-sample analysis, test of robustness of the PRS threshold, population covariates, outlier removal, and control for image quality. ResultsA comparison of 1151 patients with schizophrenia (mean [SD] age,33.8[10.6] years; 68.6% male [n=790] and 31.4% female [n=361]) with 2010 healthy controls (mean [SD] age,32.6[10.4] years; 56.0% male [n=1126] and 44.0% female [n=884]) revealed higher heterogeneity in schizophrenia for cortical thickness and area (t = 3.34), cortical (t=3.24) and ventricle (t range, 3.15-5.78) volumes, and hippocampal subfields (t range, 2.32-3.55). In the UK Biobank sample of 12 490 participants (mean [SD] age,55.9 [7.5] years; 48.2% male [n=6025] and 51.8% female [n=6465]), higher PRS was associated with thinner frontal and temporal cortices and smaller left CA2/3 (t=-3.00) but was not significantly associated with dispersion. Conclusions and RelevanceThis study suggests that schizophrenia is associated with substantial brain structural heterogeneity beyond the mean differences. These findings may reflect higher sensitivity to environmental and genetic perturbations in patients, supporting the heterogeneous nature of schizophrenia. A higher PRS was associated with thinner frontotemporal cortices and smaller hippocampal subfield volume, but not heterogeneity. This finding suggests that brain variability in schizophrenia results from interactions between environmental and genetic factors that are not captured by the PRS. Factors contributing to heterogeneity in frontotemporal cortices and hippocampus are key to furthering our understanding of how genetic and environmental factors shape brain biology in schizophrenia.
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| 10. |
- Ekberg, Christian, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Nitride fuel for Gen IV nuclear power systems
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0236-5731 .- 1588-2780. ; 318:3, s. 1713-1725
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nuclear energy has been a part of the energy mix in many countries for decades. Today in principle all power producing reactors use the same techniqe. Either PWR or BWR fuelled with oxide fuels. This choice of fuel is not self evident and today there are suggestions to change to fuels which may be safer and more economical and also used in e.g. Gen IV nuclear power systems. One such fuel type is the nitrides. The nitrides have a better thermal conductivity than the oxides and a similar melting point and are thus have larger safety margins to melting during operation. In addition they are between 30 and 40% more dense with respect to fissile material. Drawbacks include instability with respect to water and a sometimes complicated fabrication route. The former is not really an issue with Gen IV systems but for use in the present fleet. In this paper we discuss both production and recycling potential of nitride fuels.
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| 11. |
- Ekvall, Mikael T., et al.
(författare)
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Long-term effects of tungsten carbide (WC) nanoparticles in pelagic and benthic aquatic ecosystems
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Nanotoxicology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1743-5390 .- 1743-5404. ; 12:1, s. 79-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the production and usage of nanomaterials are increasing so are the concerns related to the release of the material into nature. Tungsten carbide (WC) is widely used for its hard metal properties, although its use, in for instance tyre studs, may result in nano-sized particles ending up in nature. Here, we evaluate the potential long-term exposure effects of WC nanoparticles on a pelagic (Daphnia magna) and a benthic (Asellus aquaticus) organism. No long-term effects were observed in the benthic system with respect to population dynamics or ecosystem services. However, long-term exposure of D. magna resulted in increased time to first reproduction and, if the particles were resuspended, strong effects on survival and reproductive output. Hence, the considerable differences in acute vs. long-term exposure studies revealed here emphasize the need for more long-term studies if we are to understand the effects of nanoparticles in natural systems.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- G., Aad, et al.
(författare)
-
Measurement of the cross-section and charge asymmetry of W bosons produced in proton–proton collisions at √s=8TeV with the ATLAS detector
- 2019
-
Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 79:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents measurements of the W+→ μ+ν and W-→ μ-ν cross-sections and the associated charge asymmetry as a function of the absolute pseudorapidity of the decay muon. The data were collected in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 20.2fb-1. The precision of the cross-section measurements varies between 0.8 and 1.5% as a function of the pseudorapidity, excluding the 1.9% uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The charge asymmetry is measured with an uncertainty between 0.002 and 0.003. The results are compared with predictions based on next-to-next-to-leading-order calculations with various parton distribution functions and have the sensitivity to discriminate between them. © 2019, CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS collaboration.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Hagbert, Pernilla, Dr, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Futures Beyond GDP Growth : Final report from the research program 'Beyond GDP Growth: Scenarios for sustainable building and planning'
- 2019
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A future society no longer based on economic growth – what would that look like?The research program “Beyond GDP Growth: Scenarios for sustainable building and planning” (www.bortombnptillvaxt.se) is a strong research environment funded by the Swedish Research CouncilFormas, which has run between 2014 and 2018. In collaboration with societal partners, the program hasgathered researchers from diferent disciplines to explore key issues and conditions for planning for asustainable future beyond GDP growth. This is a relevant contribution to a largely under-researchedarea, where few scientific studies have explored what a sustainable society could look like, and what asustainable economy that is not based on growth might actually mean.In economic and political discussions, the notion of continuous economic growth is often taken forgranted and seen as a prerequisite for a safe and sustainable societal development. At the same time,a blind faith in and expectations surrounding growth can constitute a threat to the development of asustainable society if growth declines. Also an optimistic prognosis from the OECD indicates that it islikely that future GDP growth will be lower than what has come to be seen as the normal level duringthe second half of the 20th century. Declining economic growth could mean risks for increased socialgaps and unemployment. However, economic models show that the possibilities for handling these risksincrease if there is an awareness of them, and if this is addressed politically. Therefore, it is important tonot just assume continued economic growth, but to plan also for alternative scenarios.A starting point for the research program has been an understanding of the significant transitionsneeded to approach a safe and just operating space for humanity within planetary boundaries. Fourgoals that should be met in order to consider the societal development sustainable were specified: twoenvironmental goals related to climate and land use, and two social goals regarding power, influence andparticipation, and welfare and resource security.Four scenarios for Sweden 2050 were developed, which show the diferent directions society could taketo reach the set sustainability goals. The scenarios illustrate future societies that do not have to build onthe current economic logic, but that instead are centred around four alternative strategies:Collaborative EconomyLocal Self-SufciencyAutomation for Quality of LifeCircular Economy in the Welfare StateSo, can we reach the selected sustainability targets in the four future scenarios? A transformation ofhistorical proportions are needed – and it needs to start immediately. According to the sustainabilityassessment conducted within the project, the environmental goals of climate and land use can be reachedin all scenarios, even though it demands changing multiple parameters at the same time. Nothing pointsto it being impossible or generally difcult to achieve the social goals in the four scenarios, however theremight be diferent aspects that are particularly tricky. There are both development potentials and risks,which can be diametrically opposite for diferent social groups and parts of the country, depending onthe local prerequisites.Many diferent images of sustainable futures are needed. The scenarios should be seen as a tool fordiscussion and analysis when it comes to planning for a sustainable societal development beyondGDP growth. They challenge notions of what is possible, what changes that can and should be made,6what decisions that are needed and what should be prioritized. The scenarios all suggest a largechange compared the current development trajectory, and for example all point towards the need forredistribution of resources. It might involve economic resources, but could also relate to power andinfluence over production, or the possibility to use land for production of food, materials and energy.This redistribution could happen according to diferent principles in the diferent scenarios.In all the scenarios, the consumption of goods and of meat is reduced. Flight travel also needs to bedrastically reduced to reach the climate target. There is furthermore a need for reducing the constructionof both housing and road infrastructure, although to varying extents in the four scenarios. Other aspectssuch as working hours, the organization of welfare systems, the characteristics of the built environmentand the amount of infrastructure needed are on the other hand diferent in the diferent scenarios.The research program has explored what a development that isn't based on economic growth, in linewith the strategies that are depicted in the scenarios, would mean for rural as well as urban conditions.Three case study municipalities were selected with regards to their diferent geographical location,built form, economic development and size of the population: Övertorneå, Alingsås and Malmö. Insome sub-studies in these diferent contexts, descriptions emerged of cognitive as well as structuralbarriers, a sense of powerlessness and a weak capacity for transition among diferent actors. This isconnected to expectations and general assumptions regarding growth, partly irrespective of the context.Municipalities and companies to a large extent plan for and expect a societal development that buildsupon a further expansion of infrastructure, transport and consumption. Despite visions for sustainabledevelopment, in practice this often leads to a reproduction of current unsustainable structures and waysof life.At the same time, specific empirical studies within the project point toward stories of self-sufciency,of regional upswings and that the population is more important than GDP. There is an increasedawareness and a multitude of examples of experimenting with new sustainable practices that constituteseeds for change. Critiques against planning for continuous growth is being taken more seriously andclearer political visions are demanded. New forms of organizing the economy, society and welfare arealso being developed. Some examples include working from a perspective on socio-ecological justice,integration of sustainability targets in all planning, and developing new roles for consumers andproducers. These ideas can be seen as windows of opportunity, but also show that change can happenwithin the current system.The future means change. In this research program, we point towards some possible futures that aimat reaching certain sustainability targets. The scenarios and the discussion and analysis that they havebrought about show that there is an opportunity to move towards a sustainable development withmaintained or even increased well-being – provided that the understanding of well-being is based onother values than those of our current society. For these possible future trajectories to gain support,there is a need of political instruments and measures that actively drive the development towards a justand safe operating space for humanity
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| 16. |
- Hedberg, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing Feedback Linearization and Jacobian Linearization for LQ Control of an Industrial Manipulator
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proccedings of the 12TH IFAC SYMPOSIUM ON ROBOT CONTROL.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Feedback linearization is compared to Jacobian linearization for LQ control of atwo-link industrial manipulator. A method for obtaining equivalent nominal performance forboth control designs is introduced. An experimentally verified benchmark model with industrialrelevance is used for comparing the designs. Results do not show any conclusive advantages ofFeedback linearization.
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| 17. |
- Hedberg, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Industrial Robot Tool Position Estimation using Inertial Measurements in a Complementary Filter and an EKF
- 2017
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Ingår i: 20th IFAC World Congress. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 12748-12752
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work an Inertial Measurement Unit is used to improve tool position estimates for an ABB IRB 4600 industrial robot, starting from estimates based on motor angle forward kinematics. A Complementary Filter and an Extended Kalman Filter are investigated. The Complementary Filter is found to perform on par with the Extended Kalman Filter while having lower complexity both in the tuning process and the filtering computations.
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| 18. |
- Hedberg, Jonas, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Tungsten carbide nanoparticles in simulated surface water with natural organic matter : dissolution, agglomeration, sedimentation and interaction with Daphnia magna
- 2017
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Ingår i: Environmental Science: Nano. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2051-8153 .- 2051-8161. ; 4:4, s. 886-894
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Even though anthropogenic nano-sized tungsten carbide nanoparticles (WC NPs) have been found in the environment, there are currently no investigations on their environmental fate. This work studies the interaction between natural organic matter (NOM) and WC NPs, as well as the potential uptake by the aquatic model organism Daphnia magna. We here show that the affinity between WC NPs and humic acid or dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA), which are model molecules of NOM, is very low with no observed surface adsorption. The lack of a stabilizing effect of these organic molecules, in combination with a relatively high effective density of WC NP agglomerates in humic acid, resulted in the substantial agglomeration and sedimentation of the WC NPs. A higher stability of the smaller sized WC NP agglomerates (<150 nm) means that this fraction is mobile and can be transported to other settings, suggesting that this particle fraction should be considered in further studies. The dissolution of tungsten from WC NPs was continuous and the relatively slow dissolution rate (on the order of 0.03 mg m-2 h-1) implies that particle transport will not be severely limited from a dissolution perspective. Uptake of tungsten (dissolved tungsten and WC particles) by D. magna was observed although this did not induce any acute toxic effects.
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| 19. |
- Hedberg, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Uppföljning av Värdet av ekosystemtjänster : En syntes och intervjustudie av Naturvårdsverkets forskningssatsning 2014–2017
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Naturvårdsverkets satsning ”Värdet av ekosystemtjänster” genomfördes 2014–2017 och omfattade sju forskningsprojekt med fokus på hur värdet av ekosystemtjänster bättre kan beaktas i olika beslutssituationer i samhällsplaneringen. Satsningen syftade till att skapa kunskap som stöd för arbetet med ett av etappmålen inom miljömålssystemet, som säger att betydelsen av biologisk mångfald och värdet av ekosystemtjänster senast 2018 ska vara allmänt kända och integreras i ekonomiska ställningstaganden, politiska avväganden och andra beslut i samhället där så är relevant och skäligt. Resultaten från projekten redovisades på en slutkonferens i mars 2017 och finns publicerade i separata slutrapporter. I denna rapport följs dessa resultat upp med en syntes och en fördjupning. Fördjupningen bygger på individuella intervjuer med de olika projektledarna och analysen har kompletterats med information från projektens slutrapporter och beslutsfattarblad.Projekten spände över en stor bredd av frågeställningar omfattande miljökonsekvensbeskrivningar, kommunal planering, landskapsplanering och kartering och kvantifiering av olika ekosystemtjänster från fjällvärlden till södra Sverige. Forskningen omfattade allt ifrån kustekosystem, våtmarker och jordbrukslandskap till fjäll och boreala skogslandskap, och tog upp alla typer av ekosystemtjänster från livsmedelsproduktion och stödjande tjänster till kulturella tjänster och upplevelsevärden. Projekten arbetade med olika kombinationer av geografiska dataanalyser, fallstudier, dialogprocesser, intervjustudier och workshops, och utvecklade ett flertal modeller och verktyg.Flera av projektens resultat visade hur ett ekosystemtjänstperspektiv kan ge direkt nytta för miljöarbetet, bland annat genom att skapa en bättre helhetssyn, öka medvetenheten samt identifiera rätt frågor när kostnader ska vägas mot nyttor eller människors skattning. Men även genom att det faktiskt går att identifiera var någonstans ekosystemtjänsterna produceras, i ett rumsligt perspektiv. I flera av projekten sågs ett bredare och mer övergripande perspektiv som den stora nyttan, och en slutsats var att sådana perspektiv behöver stärkas. Här påvisades att det behövs bättre samordning och styrning på flera plan, både inom kommuner och länsstyrelser, men även på ett mer övergripande plan nationellt. Fler människor behöver involveras i olika beslutssituationer, och ekosystemtjänster kan vara ett verktyg för att åstadkomma detta.Beträffande projektens relation till etappmålet om biologisk mångfald och värdet av ekosystemtjänster så upplevde flertalet projektledare att ekosystemtjänster som begrepp var känt bland de aktörer som deltog i projekten. Dessutom har projekten i sig ökat kännedomen om ekosystemtjänster och bidragit till att öka förståelsen av begreppet. Samtidigt efterfrågades mer kunskap i ämnet av både deltagarna och projektledarna. Att kvantifiera och presentera ekosystemtjänster har varit ett sätt att synliggöra och förklara ekosystemtjänster, samtidigt som det identifierades att adekvat förståelse för begreppet är viktigt för kommunernas långsiktiga planering och utveckling. Vad gäller målet att integrera ekosystemtjänster i beslut så utgick flera projekt från just beslutsprocesser. Det skedde bland annat genom analys av miljökonsekvensbeskrivningar och kommunal planering, men även genom konkreta verktyg som beslutsunderlag, som togs fram i några av projekten. Flera projekt relaterade till förvaltning av landskap och i ett av projekten har resultat redan förts in i beslut utifrån projektets genomförande. Ett av projekten jobbade nära den kommunala planeringsprocessen, där uppmärksammades vikten av att förstå betydelsen av ekosystemtjänster, men också att ny kompetens behövs i till exempel miljödomstolar och i förvaltning.Trots de ganska olika projekten fanns en samstämmighet gällande synen på ekosystemtjänster och hur de bättre kan tas hänsyn till i samhällsplaneringen. Flera projekt framhöll betydelsen av dialogprocesser, samverkan och vikten av att överbrygga vissa strukturella och organisatoriska hinder i den praktiska förvaltningen i kommuner och administration. Vidare betonades vikten av att involvera fler människor i olika beslutssituationer och att arbeta med dialogprocesser. Att i de sammanhangen arbeta utifrån ekosystemtjänstbegreppet kan bidra till att stimulera en bredare diskussion. Behovet av mer kunskap och geografisk information om var i landskapet olika ekosystemtjänster förekommer lyftes också fram och anses har stor potentiell nytta i förvaltningen av naturresurser.Projekten skiljde sig åt ganska mycket vad gäller djup och angreppssätt och därmed framträdde några skillnader i slutsatserna. Ett par projekt som arbetat konkret med kvantifiering av ekosystemtjänster i landskapet konstaterade att det krävs mer data och metodutveckling för att öka precisionen i resultaten, medan andra projekt strävat efter att överbrygga dessa problem genom att arbeta med enklare checklistor och workshops. Bara två av projekten har i större utsträckning arbetat med monetär värdering av ekosystemtjänster, i övriga projekt diskuterades och tolkades värdering bredare än som monetär värdering.I en sammantagen reflektion finns mycket som talar för att nyttan av ett ekosystemtjänstperspektiv kan vara stor genom att synliggöra värdet av biologisk mångfald och lyfta fram landskapsperspektivet. Samtidigt är det utifrån denna satsning inte helt enkelt att dra slutsatser kring vilka konkreta förbättringar det i praktiken kommer att leda till. För att trygga resiliens hos socioekologiska system och ett hållbart nyttjande av naturen behöver vi värna om mångfalden av kulturella, försörjande, reglerande och stödjande ekosystemtjänster. Det återstår att visa att synliggörande och integrering av ekosystemtjänster i beslut leder till ett bättre miljöarbete i slutändan.
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| 20. |
- Hedberg, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Ett liv som handledare
- 2018
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Ingår i: Ett liv som handledare. - Uppsala : Uppsala universitet. ; , s. 5-16
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 24. |
- Hedberg, Suzanne, et al.
(författare)
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BEST: Bypass equipoise sleeve trial; rationale and design of a randomized, registry-based, multicenter trial comparing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass with sleeve gastrectomy
- 2019
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Ingår i: Contemporary Clinical Trials. - : Elsevier BV. - 1551-7144 .- 1559-2030. ; 84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Laparoscopic gastric bypass (LGBP) is a well-documented surgical intervention for severe obesity. Recently, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has gained increased popularity. Short-term follow-up in limited-sized randomized trials comparing LGBP and LSG show no major differences in weight-loss, adverse events, or effect on comorbidities; however, there is a lack of sufficiently powered, pragmatic, randomized controlled trials comparing the mid- and long-term results of the two methods. Method: BEST is a randomized, registry-based, multicenter trial comparing LGBP and LSG. The trial has two primary outcomes; rates of substantial complications (SC) and total body weight loss. We hypothesize that patients treated with LSG will experience 35% fewer substantial complications during the 5-year follow-up compared to patients treated with LGBP, and that the efficacy of LSG will remain within a non-inferiority margin of 5% in terms of weight loss. Our sample size calculation, using data from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry (SOReg), shows a power of 80% for SC and > 95% for weight loss at p < .025 with a total of 2100 included patients. The design of the trial will also enable comparisons within several relevant patient subgroups. Conclusions: As a large-sized, pragmatic, randomized trial, BEST will provide robust data comparing LGBP with LSG by generating long-term results on weight loss and SC's, as well as secondary outcomes and comparisons within patient subgroups. The use of a well-established registry for registration of all data facilitates a large multicenter trial, and combines the strengths of registry studies with those of a randomized trial. Clinical Trials registry: NCT 02767505. © 2019 Elsevier Inc.
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| 25. |
- Jia, Jiangyong, et al.
(författare)
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Heavy Ion Results from ATLAS
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0375-9474 .- 1873-1554. ; 967, s. 51-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- These proceedings provide an overview of the new results obtained with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, which were presented in the Quark Matter 2017 conference. These results were covered by twelve parallel talks, one flash talk and eleven posters. These proceedings group these results into five areas: initial state, jet quenching, quarkonium production, longitudinal flow dynamics, and collectivity in small systems.
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