| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Glover, T.E., Ackerman, G.D., Belkacem, A., Heimann, P.A., Hussain, Z., Padmore, H.A., Ray, C., Schoenlein, R.W., Steele, W.F., Young, D.A., Lee, R.W.
(författare)
-
Metal-insulator transitions in an expanding metallic fluid: particle formation kinetics.
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. ; 90, s. 36102/1-4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Jackson, R B, et al.
(författare)
-
Belowground consequences of vegetation change and their treatment in models
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Ecological Applications. - 1051-0761. ; 10:2, s. 470-483
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The extent and consequences of global land-cover and land-use change are increasingly apparent. One consequence not so apparent is the altered structure of plants belowground. This paper examines such belowground changes, emphasizing the interaction of altered root distributions with other factors and their treatment in models. Shifts of woody and herbaceous vegetation with deforestation, afforestation, and woody plant encroachment typically alter the depth and distribution of plant rests, influencing soil nutrients, the water balance, and net primary productivity (NPP). For example, our analysis of global soil data sets shows that the major plant nutrients C, N, P, and K are more shallowly distributed than are Ca, Mg, and Na, but patterns for each element vary with the dominant vegetation type. After controlling for climate, soil C and N are distributed more deeply in arid shrublands than in arid grasslands, and subhumid forests have shallower nutrient distributions than do subhumid grasslands. Consequently, changes in vegetation may influence the distribution of soil carbon and nutrients over time (perhaps decades to centuries). Shifts in the water balance are typically much more rapid. Catchment studies indicate that the water yield decreases 25-40 mm for each 10% increase in tree cover, and increases in transpiration of water taken up by deep roots may account for as much as 50% of observed responses. Because models are increasingly important for predicting the consequences of vegetation change, we discuss the treatment of belowground processes and how different treatments affect model outputs. Whether models are parameterized by biome or plant life form (or neither), use single or multiple soil layers, or include N and water limitation will all affect predicted outcomes. Acknowledging and understanding such differences should help constrain predictions of vegetation change.
|
|
| 5. |
- Tjus, Tomas, 1954, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychological follow-up of 5 year old ICSI children
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Human Reproduction. ; :12, s. 2791-2797
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The developmental outcome of children born after ICSI are still a matter of concern. The purpose of the present study was to investigate psychological outcomes for 5-year-old children born after ICSI and compare these with outcomes for children born after spontaneous conception (SC). Three hundred singleton children born after ICSI in Belgium Sweden and USA were matched by maternal age, child age, and gender. Outcome measures included WPPSI-R, Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, Parenting Stress Index and Child Behaviour Checklist. Regarding cognitive development, no significant differences were found on WPPSI-R verbal and performance subscales between ICSI and SC children. However, some differences were noted on subtests of the Performance Scale. ICSI children more often obtained a score below 1 SD of the mean of the subtests. Significant differences by site (Belgium, Sweden and New York) were found on subtests related to parenting stress, child behaviour problems and motor development. These findings can probably be explained by other variables other than conception mode e.g. cultural differences and selection bias. Although the finding that a higher proportion of ICSI children obtained scores below the cut-off on some visual-spatial subscale of the WPPSI-R warrants further investigation, ICSI does not appear to affect the psychological well-being or cognitive development at age 5.
|
|
