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| 2. |
- Jämtgård, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
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Förstudie kring miljöanpassad skogsgödsling för ökad skoglig tillväxt - slutrapportering av regeringsuppdrag
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna rapport redovisas resultatet från regeringsuppdraget Förstudie kring miljöanpassad skogsgödsling för ökad skoglig tillväxt (SLU.ua.2022.1.1.1–2974) som givits i uppdrag till SLU. Uppdragets syfte är att bidra till att stärka bioekonomins roll i klimatomställningen. SLU ska ge förslag på hur formerna för skogsgödsling kan utvecklas så att en större andel av skogsmarken kan gödslas än vad som sker idag samtidigt som miljöpåverkan och effekter på biologisk mångfald minimeras, samt identifiera eventuella ytterligare analysbehov. Förslagen ska inkludera effekterna på skoglig tillväxt, påverkan på skogen som kolsänka och potentiell avverkning både i ett kortare perspektiv till 2030 och i ett längre perspektiv till 2050.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Lundberg, Sofia, Professor, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Sätt betyg på leverantörerna! Ökad effektivitet med ratingsystem i offentlig upphandling
- 2024
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- När det offentliga är konsument utgör i normalfallet inte tidigareprestationer, oavsett om de är dåliga eller bra, del av grund förkontraktstilldelning. Här presenteras hur ratingsystem, liknande desom finns på privata marknader, kan utformas och användas i offentligupphandling. Därigenom ökar förutsättningarna för bättre matchningmellan vad som efterfrågas och vad som levereras. En annan möjligkonsekvens är att det blir mindre intressant för oseriösa leverantöreroch de som ägnar sig åt ekonomisk brottslighet, att delta i offentligupphandling. Analysen visar att det inte finns några betydande rättsligahinder för ett sådant system.
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| 5. |
- Nilsson, Sigrid, et al.
(författare)
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Resistance training reduced luteinising hormone levels in postmenopausal women in a substudy of a randomised controlled clinical trial: A clue to how resistance training reduced vasomotor symptoms
- 2022
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 17:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Vasomotor symptoms (VMS) are common around menopause. Menopausal hormone therapy is the most effective treatment for VMS. Physical exercise has been proposed as an alternative treatment since physically active women have previously been found to experience fewer VMS than inactive women. In our randomised controlled trial on resistance training to treat VMS, sympoms were reduced by 50% in the intervention group compared with the control group.Objectives: To propose a mechanism to explain how resistance training reduced VMS and to assess if luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were affected in accordance with the proposed mechanism.Trial design and methods: A substudy of a randomized controlled trial on 65 postmenopausal women with VMS and low physical activity who were randomised to 15 weeks of resistance training three times per week (n = 33) or to a control group (n = 32). To be regarded compliant to the intervention we predecided a mean of two training sessions per week. The daily number of VMS were registered before and during the 15 weeks. Blood samples were drawn for analysis of LH and FSH at baseline and after 15 weeks.Results: LH decreased significantly in the compliant intervention group compared with the control group (-4.0±10.6 versus 2.9±9.0, p = 0.028 with Mann-Whitney U test). FSH also decreased in the compliant intervention group compared with the control group, however not enough to reach statistical significance (-3.5±16.3 versus 3.2±18.2, p = 0.063 with Mann-Whitney U test). As previously published the number of hot flushes decreased significantly more in the intervention group than in the control group but there was no association between change in LH or FSH and in number of VMS.Conclusions: We propose that endogenous opiods such as β-endorphin or dynorphin produced during resistance training decreased VMS by stimulating KNDγ-neurons to release neurokinin B to the hypothalamic thermoregulatory centre. Through effects on KNDγ-neurons, β-endorphin could also inhibit GnRH and thereby decrease the production of LH and FSH. The significanty decreased LH in the compliant intervention group compared with the control group was in accordance with the proposed mechanism.
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| 6. |
- Popescu, Carmen-Mihaela, et al.
(författare)
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Structural characterization and mechanical properties of wet-processed fibreboard based on chemo-thermomechanical pulp, furanic resin and cellulose nanocrystals
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. - : Elsevier. - 0141-8130 .- 1879-0003. ; 145, s. 586-593
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fibreboards are made of lignocellulosic fibres and synthetic adhesive which connect them. These synthetic adhesives, while relatively low-cost, are usually non-biodegradable and may cause health and environmental issues. Therefore, in recent years, there has been an increased demand for replacing these adhesives with bio-derived adhesives. The present study aims to develop fibreboards from chemo-thermomechanical pulp (CTMP) and a furanic resin based on prepolymers of furfuryl alcohol via wet-processing. To improve the bonding properties, maleic acid, aluminium sulphate, and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were added. The resulting fibreboards were evaluated for their structural features and mechanical properties. The bending strength was improved when CNCs were added into the fibre's suspension, and the morphology indicated a more compact structure. The combination of the CTMP with CNC and Biorez resulted in the same mechanical behaviours as those noted for CTMP alone, the best performance being observed for the boards in which Al2(SO4)3 was added. Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction also proved the presence of cellulose nanocrystals and resin in the boards by increased specific bands intensity and crystallinity index, respectively.
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| 7. |
- Sjöberg, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Microbe-Mediated Mn Oxidation - A Proposed Model of Mineral Formation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Minerals. - : MDPI. - 2075-163X. ; 11:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Manganese oxides occur in a wide range of environmental settings either as coatings on rocks, sediment, and soil particles, or as discrete grains. Although the production of biologically mediated Mn oxides is well established, relatively little is known about microbial-specific strategies for utilizing Mn in the environment and how these affect the morphology, structure, and chemistry of associated mineralizations. Defining such strategies and characterizing the associated mineral properties would contribute to a better understanding of their impact on the local environment and possibly facilitate evaluation of biogenicity in recent and past Mn accumulations. Here, we supplement field data from a Mn rock wall deposit in the Ytterby mine, Sweden, with data retrieved from culturing Mn oxidizers isolated from this site. Microscopic and spectroscopic techniques are used to characterize field site products and Mn precipitates generated by four isolated bacteria (Hydrogenophaga sp., Pedobacter sp., Rhizobium sp., and Nevskia sp.) and one fungal-bacterial co-culture (Cladosporium sp.-Hydrogenophaga sp. Rhizobium sp.-Nevskia sp.). Two of the isolates (Pedobacter sp. and Nevskia sp.) are previously unknown Mn oxidizers. At the field site, the onset of Mn oxide mineralization typically occurs in areas associated with globular wad-like particles and microbial traces. The particles serve as building blocks in the majority of the microstructures, either forming the base for further growth into laminated dendrites-botryoids or added as components to an existing structure. The most common nanoscale structures are networks of Mn oxide sheets structurally related to birnessite. The sheets are typically constructed of very few layers and elongated along the octahedral chains. In places, the sheets bend and curl under to give a scroll-like appearance. Culturing experiments show that growth conditions (biofilm or planktonic) affect the ability to oxidize Mn and that taxonomic affiliation influences crystallite size, structure, and average oxidation state as well as the onset location of Mn precipitation.
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| 8. |
- Thomas, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Associations of Psychosocial Factors with Multiple Health Behaviors : A Population-Based Study of Middle-Aged Men and Women
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The health behaviors smoking, risky alcohol consumption, insufficient physical activity, and poor diet constitute the main contributors to non-communicable diseases. Clustering of risk behaviors is common and increases the risk of these diseases. Despite health benefits, it is difficult to change health behaviors. Psychosocial factors could play a role in health behavior change, with research showing relationships between unfavorable psychosocial factors and health risk behaviors. However, many studies only investigated one or two health behaviors at a time. The present study, therefore, aimed to investigate associations between a broad range of psychosocial factors and multiple health risk behaviors in a general middle-aged population in Sweden. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to investigate a random sample from the general population in Sweden (n = 1007, 45-69 years, 50% women). Questionnaire data on health behaviors (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and fruit/vegetable intake) and psychosocial factors, with both psychological and social resources (social integration, emotional support, perceived control, self-esteem, sense of coherence and trust) and psychological risk factors (cynicism, vital exhaustion, hopelessness and depressiveness), were analyzed. Logistic and ordinal logistic regression were used to analyze associations between psychosocial factors and multiple (0-1, 2 or 3-4) health risk behaviors. Results: A total of 50% of the sample had two health risk behaviors and 18% had three health risk behaviors. After adjusting for age, sex, education, employment status, and immigrant status, eight out of 10 psychosocial factors (exceptions: social integration and self-esteem) showed significant odds ratios (ORs) in the expected directions; low levels of psychosocial resources and high levels of psychosocial risk factors were associated with multiple risk behaviors. The strongest associations with multiple risk behaviors were seen for vital exhaustion (adjusted (adj.) OR 1.28; confidence interval (CI) 1.11-1.46), depressiveness (adj. OR 1.32, CI 1.14-1.52), and trust (adj. OR 0.80, CI 0.70-0.91). When controlling for all psychosocial factors in the same model, only the association with trust remained statistically significant (adj. OR 0.89, CI 0.73-1.00, p = 0.050). Associations with individual health behaviors were fewer and scattered, with no psychosocial factor being related to all four behaviors. Conclusions: Examining associations between a broad range of psychosocial factors and multiple health risk behaviors revealed consistent and significant associations for almost all psychosocial factors. These associations were stronger compared to associations to single health risk behaviors. Our findings support the relevance of considering psychosocial aspects in interventions aimed at health behavior change, especially for people with multiple health risk behaviors.
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| 9. |
- Walladbegi, Java, et al.
(författare)
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Efficacy of a novel device for cryoprevention of oral mucositis: a randomized, blinded, multicenter, parallel group, phase 3 trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bone Marrow Transplantation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0268-3369 .- 1476-5365. ; 57, s. 191-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cryoprevention (CP) using ice (IC) is an effective strategy to prevent chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (OM). However, the use of IC may cause adverse reactions and requires water of safe quality to minimize risk of serious infections. This randomized, blinded, parallel group, phase 3 trial was conducted in five Scandinavian centers. Eligible patients were diagnosed with multiple myeloma or lymphoma, scheduled to receive conditioning with high-dose chemotherapy prior to autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Patients were assigned to cooling with IC or a novel intraoral cooling device (ICD). The primary outcome was the highest OM score during the study period, expressed as peak value on the Oral Mucositis Assessment Scale (OMAS-total). When the entire study population (n = 172) was analyzed for peak OMAS-total, the two cooling methods were equally effective. However, when the lymphoma group was analyzed separately, the ICD significantly reduced the peak OMAS-total score to a greater extent compared to IC (x +/- SD; 1.77 +/- 1.59 vs. 3.08 +/- 1.50; p = 0.047). Combined with existing evidence, the results of the present trial confirm that CP is an effective method to prevent OM. ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT03203733.
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| 10. |
- Wannberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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N-(Heteroaryl)thiophene sulfonamides as angiotensin AT2 receptor ligands
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : Elsevier. - 0223-5234 .- 1768-3254. ; 265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two series of N-(heteroaryl)thiophene sulfonamides, encompassing either a methylene imidazole group or a tertbutylimidazolylacetyl group in the meta position of the benzene ring, have been synthesized. An AT(2)R selective ligand with a Ki of 42 nM was identified in the first series and in the second series, six AT(2)R selective ligands with significantly improved binding affinities and Ki values of <5 nM were discovered. The binding modes to AT(2)R were explored by docking calculations combined with molecular dynamics simulations. Although some of the high affinity ligands exhibited fair stability in human liver microsomes, comparable to that observed with C21 undergoing clinical trials, most ligands displayed a very low metabolic stability with t(1/2) of less than 10 min in human liver microsomes. The most promising ligand, with an AT(2)R K-i value of 4.9 nM and with intermediate stability in human hepatocytes (t(1/2) = 77 min) caused a concentration-dependent vasorelaxation of pre-contracted mouse aorta.
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| 11. |
- White, Jai, et al.
(författare)
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Glycerol Electrooxidation at Industrially Relevant Current Densities Using Electrodeposited PdNi/Nifoam Catalysts in Aerated Alkaline Media
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 170:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Through glycerol electrooxidation, we demonstrate the viability of using a PdNi catalyst electrodeposited on Ni foam to facilitate industrially relevant rates of hydrogen generation while concurrently providing valuable organic chemicals as glycerol oxidation products. This electrocatalyst, in a solution of 2 M NaOH and 1 M glycerol at 80 °C, enabled current densities above 2000 mA cm−2 (in a voltammetric sweep) to be obtained in atmospheres of both air and N2. Repeated potential cycling under an aerated atmosphere to these exceptional current densities indicated a high stability of the catalyst. Through steady state polarisation curves, 1000 mA cm−2 was reached below an anodic potential of 0.8 V vs RHE. Chronoamperometry showed glycerate and lactate being the major oxidation products, with increased selectivity for lactate at the expense of glycerate in aerated systems. Aerated atmospheres were demonstrated to consistently increase the apparent Faradaic efficiency to >100%, as determined by the concentration of oxidation products in solution. The excellent performance of PdNi/Ni in aerated solutions suggests that O2 removal from the electrolyte is not needed for an industrial glycerol electrooxidation process, and that combining electrochemical and chemical glycerol oxidation, in the presence of dissolved O2, presents an important process advantage.
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| 12. |
- Willén, Linda, 1979-
(författare)
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Factors influencing management and outcome in non-small cell lung cancer : the role of socioeconomic status, age, geographic region of origin and aspects of quality of life
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Yearly, 4,200 individuals in Sweden are diagnosed with lung cancer, of which 85 % are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aims of this thesis were to investigate aspects of equality of care and outcomes in patients with NSCLC and to examine indicators of quality of life. All studies used data in Lung Cancer Database Sweden (LCBaSe), a research database generated by record linkages between the National Lung Cancer Register and other population-based registers. We identified 40,000 patients with NSCLC diagnosed between 2002 and 2016.Paper I examined influence of socioeconomic status. Patients with a high educational level were more often offered PET-CT, assessed in a multidisciplinary team setting, treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy and had better survival in early-, but not in late-stage disease.Paper II investigated elderly NSCLC patients. No difference in stage was seen in patients ≤ 84 years, nor in diagnostic intensity <80 years. Treatment intensity was adapted according to age. Survival differed across age groups in early-, but not late-stage disease.Paper III examined immigrants. We found evidence of a “healthy migrant effect”. There were only small differences in management and outcome. If anything, non-Nordic immigrants had better survival in early-stage disease. Paper IV assessed psychological impact following a NSCLC diagnosis. Higher rates of depression, anxiety, intoxication and suicide were seen in NSCLC patients compared to lung cancer free individuals. The risk of depression, anxiety and suicide decreased over time but the increased risk of intoxication remained throughout the follow-up period.In summary, we found equal access of care and only minor differences in patterns of management and outcomes according to socioeconomic status, age and geographic region of origin. New diagnostics and treatment modalities need to be quickly introduced to enable equal access across socioeconomic groups. A careful assessment of older patients is important to avoid age-biased clinical decision-making. A diagnosis of NSCLC impacts psychological aspects of quality of life and active measures to identify and treat depression and anxiety as well as to identify patients at risk of intoxication and suicide is necessary.
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