| 1. |
- Ahldén, Ingegerd, et al.
(författare)
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Parenthood education in Swedish antenatal care : perceptions of midwives and obstetricians in charge.
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Journal of perinatal education : an ASPO/Lamaze publication. - 1058-1243. ; 17:2, s. 21-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe perceptions of parenthood education among midwives and obstetricians in charge of antenatal care in Sweden. Focus group interviews of 25 obstetricians and midwives were conducted. Data were analyzed with a phenomenographic approach. Five main categories emerged: aim of the parenthood education, content and expectations, implementation, support to group leaders, and strategies for the future. There is a strong belief in parenthood education, and the overall aim was considered to be support in the transition to parenthood. Contents should focus on awareness of the expected child, confidence in the biological processes, and the changes of roles. Pedagogies training, cost effectiveness, development, and the need to reach target groups were emphasized.
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| 2. |
- Brynhildsen, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of maternal BMI on infants birth weight in four BMI groups for the period 1978-2001
- 2009
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Ingår i: ACTA OBSTETRICIA ET GYNECOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 88:4, s. 391-396
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To study whether increased maternal weight and other factors of importance is associated with higher birth weights of the children over a period of almost 25 years. Design. Retrospective cohort study. Setting. Delivery wards in southeast Sweden. Sample. A total of 4,330 delivered women and their children from the years 1978, 1986, 1992, 1997, and 2001. Methods. Analysis of covariance was used to evaluate the importance of the mothers body mass index (BMI) on the childrens birth weights during the study years and smoking, parity, employment, gestational age, and the age of the mothers were adjusted for. Main outcome measures. Weight of the offspring in relation to maternal BMI and possible confounders such as smoking, parity, employment, gestational age, and the age of the mother. Results. Between 1978 and 1992, there was an increase in birth weight in each of the four BMI categories (i.e. BMI20, 20-24.9, 25-29.9 and 30, respectively) even after adjustments were made for relevant background characteristics (p0.001). However, between 1992 and 2001, the birth weight for children whose mothers had a BMI of less than 20 or between 20 and 24.9 decreased (p0.001). For almost every study year, the mothers BMI was of significant influence on the childrens birth weights. However, the proportion of variance explained by the models (i.e. the adjusted R2) was not substantially altered when the mothers BMI was excluded from the models. Conclusion. Maternal BMI is of significance to explain trends in infants birth weight over time, but not of sole importance.
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| 3. |
- Cedergren, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Hyperemesis gravidarum that requires hospitalization and the use of antiemetic drugs in relation to maternal body composition
- 2008
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Ingår i: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9378 .- 1097-6868. ; 198:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess whether maternal prepregnancy body mass index was associated with the use of antiemetic drugs in early pregnancy and/or with the occurrence of hyperemesis gravidarum. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective, population-based, cohort study. Women who delivered singleton infants (n = 749,435) from 19952003 were evaluated concerning the use of antiemetic drugs in early pregnancy (data available from 1995). Women who delivered singleton infants (n = 942,894) from 1992-2001 were evaluated concerning hospitalization because of hyperemesis gravidarum (data available until 2001). Adjusted odds ratios were determined by Mantel- Haenszel technique and were used as estimates of relative risk (RR). RESULTS: Underweight pregnant women were more likely to use antiemetic drugs (RR, 1.19, 95% CI, 1.14-1.24) and to become hospitalized for hyperemesis gravidarum (RR, 1.43, 95% CI, 1.33-1.54) compared with ideal weight women. Obese women were less likely to use antiemetic drugs (RR, 0.93, 95% CI, 0.89-0.97) and less likely to require hospitalization because of hyperemesis (RR, 0.90, 95% CI, 0.85-0.95) compared with women with an ideal body mass index. CONCLUSION: The use of antiemetic drugs and the occurrence of hyperemesis gravidarum are related to maternal body composition.
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| 4. |
- Claesson, Ing-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Consumer satisfaction with a weight-gain intervention programme for obese pregnant women
- 2008
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Ingår i: Midwifery. - : Elsevier. - 0266-6138 .- 1532-3099. ; 24:2, s. 163-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: to investigate women's attitudes and satisfaction with a weight-gain intervention programme during pregnancy.Design: exploratory, descriptive study. Data were collected via interviews.Setting: University hospital.Participants: 56 obese pregnant women who attended antenatal care at the University Hospital of Linkoping's obstetrical department and took part in an intervention programme aimed at reducing weight gain during pregnancy, between November 2003 and August 2004.Findings: the interviews comprised several questions concerning attitudes and opinions of the programme. Most of the women expressed positive experiences with the treatment and would attend the programme if they became pregnant again. Most of the women stated that they had changed their eating and exercise habits during pregnancy, and almost all of them had continued with these new habits. Even though the weight gain goal of a maximum 6.9 kg was reached by less than half of the participants, most of the women were satisfied with their weight gain. A total of 71.4% of the women participated in aqua aerobics classes. They stated that they were most satisfied with this form of exercise, and that it also was a good social experience.Key conclusions and implications for practice: a pregnant woman herself must be actively involved in setting her own goals to prevent excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Considerable effort and support must be placed on discussing strategies, pitfalls and risks. In order for the woman to maintain the change in attitude and habits, she must probably be given continuous feedback and reinforcement over the long term.
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| 5. |
- Claesson, Ing-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Weight gain restriction during pregnancy is safe for both the mother and neonate
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 88:10, s. 1158-1162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to investigate whether pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcome among obese pregnant women who took part in an intervention study for weight restriction differed from a group of obese pregnant women attending regular antenatal care. The intervention group consisted of 155 obese pregnant women and 193 obese pregnant women who formed a control group. We found that a weight gain restriction of less than 7 kg during pregnancy is safe for both the mother and the neonate.
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| 6. |
- Claesson, Ing-Marie, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Weight gain restriction for obese pregnant women : A case-control intervention study
- 2008
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Ingår i: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Wiley. - 1470-0328 .- 1471-0528. ; 115:1, s. 44-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To minimise obese women's total weight gain during pregnancy to less than 7 kg and to investigate the delivery and neonatal outcome. Design: A prospective case-control intervention study. Setting: Antenatal care clinics in the southeast region of Sweden. Population: One hundred fifty-five pregnant women in an index group and one hundred ninety-three women in a control group. Methods: An intervention programme with weekly motivational talks and aqua aerobic classes for obese pregnant women. Main outcome measures: Weight gain in kilograms, delivery and neonatal outcome. Results: The index group had a significantly lower weight gain during pregnancy compared with the control group (P < 0.001). The women in the index group weighed less at the postnatal check-up compared with the weight registered in early pregnancy (P < 0.001). The percentage of women in the index group who gained less than 7 kg was greater than that of women in the control group who gained less than 7 kg (P = 0.003). The percentage of nulliparous women in this group was greater than that in the control group (P = 0.018). In addition, the women in the index group had a significantly lower body mass index at the postnatal check-up, compared with the control group (P < 0.001). There were no differences between the index group and the control group regarding birthweight, gestational age and mode of delivery. Conclusion: The intervention programme was effective in controlling weight gain during pregnancy and did not affect delivery or neonatal outcome.
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| 7. |
- Ekholm Selling, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Hospitalization in adolescence affects the likelihood of giving birth : a Swedish population-based register study.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 98:3, s. 561-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To examine the effect of hospitalization during adolescence on the likelihood of giving birth.Methods: 142 998 women born in 1973-75 were followed with the help of the Swedish Medical Birth Register (MBR) and the Swedish Total Population Register (TPR) up until the end of 2000 with respect to their likelihood of giving birth. All analyses were adjusted for parental socio-economic characteristics and factors related to the studied women's own birth.Results: The likelihood of giving birth between 20 and 27 years of age was positively affected by hospitalization at least once during adolescence according to the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register (HDR); adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.32, 95% confidence interval: 1.29-1.35. Women hospitalized due to genitourinary diseases, respiratory diseases, abdominal problems and abuse of alcohol and drugs were more likely to have given birth during the study period, while hospitalizations according to cerebral palsy and congenital malformations tended to decrease childbearing. Women hospitalized due to psychiatric diseases had an increase likelihood of given birth at 20-24 years but a reduced thereafter.Conclusion: A majority of the causes of hospitalization during adolescence increased the likelihood of giving birth between ages 20 to 27.
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| 8. |
- Ekholm Selling, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Hospitalizations in adolescence and early adulthood among Swedish men and women born preterm or small for gestational age
- 2008
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Ingår i: Epidemiology. - 1044-3983 .- 1531-5487. ; 19:1, s. 63-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Preterm birth and reduced intrauterine growth appear to be related to morbidity in childhood and later adulthood. We studied whether the risk of all-cause hospitalization in adolescence and early adulthood differed between individuals who were born preterm or small for gestational age (SGA) compared with those bom at term and appropriate for gestational age. Methods: Using Swedish registries, we followed 304,275 men and women born in 1973-1975 for any hospitalizations occurring in 1987-1996. Preterm birth was defined as <37 weeks of gestation and SGA as babies smaller than 2 standard deviations below the mean weight for gestational length, according to Swedish standards. We created 3 mutually exclusive categories: "preterm" (<37 weeks and not SGA), "SGA" (SGA and not preterm), and "both preterm and SGA." The comparison group was all term births not SGA. Childhood socioeconomic characteristics were accounted for in the analyses. Results: The overall risk of hospitalization was higher for men and women bom SGA (adjusted odds ratio = 1.16; 95% confidence interval = 1.12-1.21), for those born preterm (1.06; 1.02-1.10), and for those born both preterm and SGA (1.42; 1.26-1.59). In addition to higher risks for previously reported adverse health outcomes, such as neurodevelopment sequelae and congenital anomalies, men and women born SGA or preterm were more likely to be hospitalized due to unspecified symptoms. SGA also appeared to be associated with genitourinary diseases and drug use. Conclusions: Men and women born SGA or preterm were at higher risk for hospitalization during adolescence and early adulthood, with men and women born SGA more at risk than those bom preterm.
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| 9. |
- Gunnervik, Christina, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes towards cesarean section in a nationwide sample of obstetricians and gynecologists
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 87:4, s. 438-444
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. The Swedish cesarean section (CS) rate has increased dramatically over the last decades, but remains relatively low compared to several other countries in the Western world. The reasons for this continuous increase are multifactorial and difficult to investigate. That pregnant women are demanding CS more frequently does not appear to be the major explanatory factor for the increasing CS rate. Since Swedish CS rates are relatively low, it is important to study attitudes to CS in a nationwide population of Swedish obstetricians and gynecologists in order to determine the possible concerns of this group. Methods. In 2006, a study-specific questionnaire was created and posted to Swedish obstetricians and gynecologists. In total, 1,280 obstetricians and gynecologists received a questionnaire and replied with a response rate of 66%. Results. In general, older and longer work experience physicians had a more positive attitude towards providing CS on maternal request or elective CS for women who fear vaginal delivery. In addition, these colleagues were more positive in expressing their belief that elective CS is as safe as vaginal delivery for the mother and her child. The main difference between female and male physicians was that males were more positive toward providing CS on maternal request (p<0.001). Conclusion. We have shown that female physicians differ from their male colleagues in their attitudes toward providing CS on maternal request. Female physicians were more reluctant than males to provide CS on maternal request. © 2008 Taylor & Francis.
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| 10. |
- Gutke, Annelie, et al.
(författare)
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Pelvic girdle pain and lumbar pain in relation to postpartum depressive symptoms
- 2007
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Ingår i: Spine. - 0362-2436 .- 1528-1159. ; 32:13, s. 1430-1436
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the possible association of lumbopelvic pain and postpartum depression and differences in the prevalence of depressive symptoms among women without lumbopelvic pain and women classified as having pelvic girdle pain (PGP) and/or lumbar pain. Summary of background data: Lumbopelvic pain and depression are common pregnancy complications, but their comorbidity has rarely been evaluated and has not been studied in relation to subgroups of lumbopelvic pain. Methods: In a cohort of consecutively enrolled pregnant women, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to evaluate depressive symptoms at 3 months postpartum, applying a primary screening cutoff of >=10 and a cutoff of >=13 for probable depression. Women were classified into lumbopelvic pain subgroups by means of mechanical assessment of the lumbar spine, standard history, pelvic pain provocation tests, a pain drawing, and the active straight leg raising test. Results: The postpartum cohort (n = 267) comprised 180 (67%) women without lumbopelvic pain, 44 (16%) with PGP, 29 (11%) with lumbar pain, and 14 (5%) with combined PGP and lumbar pain. Applying a cutoff of >=10, postpartum depressive symptoms were more prevalent in women with lumbopelvic pain (27 of 87, 31%; 95% confidence interval, 26%–36%) than in women without lumbopelvic pain (17 of 180, 9%; 95% confidence interval, 5%–13%; P < 0.001). The comorbidity of lumbopelvic pain and depressive symptoms was 10%. Depressive symptoms were more prevalent in women with lumbar pain versus women without lumbopelvic pain when applying cutoffs of >=10 or >=13 (P <= 0.002); whereas for women with PGP, this comparison was significant only at the screening level of >=10 (P = 0.01). Conclusions: Postpartum depressive symptoms were 3 times more prevalent in women having lumbopelvic pain than in those without. This comorbidity highlights the need to consider both symptoms in treatment strategies.
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| 11. |
- Josefsson, Ann, et al.
(författare)
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A follow-up study of postnatal depressed women : Recurrent maternal depressive symptoms and child behaviour after four years
- 2007
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Ingår i: Archives of Women's Mental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-1816 .- 1435-1102. ; 10:4, s. 141-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and self reported health of women who have shown previous postpartum depressive symptoms. To examine the behavior of four-year-old children born to mothers affected by postpartum depression. Methods: Longitudinal study. The index group (n = 251) constituted of all women with postpartum depressive symptoms on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), in a population-based study made in the late 1990s. The control group (n = 502) consisted of women without postpartum depressive symptoms on the EPDS at the same occasion. Approximately four years after delivery these women were asked to answer a short questionnaire on general health, the EPDS, and also to assess their child’s behavior with the Richman Pre-School Behaviour Checklist. Results: Women with a history of postpartum depressive symptoms were approximately 6 times more likely to have recurrent depressive symptoms (OR = 5.82, 95% CI: 3.79–8.93), compared to those without postpartum depressive symptoms, and they were also more likely to experience physical and mental illness. Although postpartum depressive symptoms in the mothers were involved in explaining the likelihood of behavioral problems in their four-year-old children, mothers with current depressive symptoms were the most likely to have a child with behavioral problems (OR = 4.71, 95% CI: 1.88–11.78). Conclusion: Postpartum depressive illness constitutes a risk for future illness as well as maternal perceived behavioral problems in offspring. In order to diminish long-term adverse consequences for the mother and the child there is a great need to recognize and treat women with postpartum depressive symptoms as early as possible.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Josefsson, Ann, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Temperament and character in women with postpartum depression
- 2007
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Ingår i: Archives of Women's Mental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-1816 .- 1435-1102. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate whether women with postpartum depression differ in personality traits from healthy postpartum women, healthy controls from the normal Swedish population and non-postpartum women with major depression. Methods: Forty-five women with postpartum depression were compared with 62 healthy postpartum women, 62 age-matched, healthy, non-postpartum women from a normal sample and 74 non-postpartum women with major depression from a clinical sample. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale was used in order to screen for postpartum depression. A clinical diagnostic interview was done including a rating with the Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale. Personality i.e. temperament and character was measured by the temperament and character inventory. Results: Harm avoidance (HA) was higher (p < 0.001) and self-directedness (SD) scored lower (p < 0.001) in women with postpartum depression compared to healthy postpartum women. These differences were the most important differences between these two groups. Women with postpartum depression scored lower (p = 0.001) in cooperativeness (CO) and higher (p = 0.019) in self-transcendence (ST) compared to healthy postpartum women. Women with postpartum depression scored overall similar to women with major depression. Conclusion: High HA and low SD can be seen as vulnerability factors for developing a depression and especially in a stressful situation as childbirth. © 2006 Springer-Verlag.
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| 14. |
- Lilliecreutz, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of blood and injection phobia among pregnant women
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 87:12, s. 1276-1279
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of blood and injection phobia in an unselected pregnant population, in order to estimate the need for curative intervention programmes. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting. Antenatal care clinics in the southeast region of Sweden. Sample: In total, 1,606 consecutively registered pregnant women attending their first visit with a midwife. Methods: The women were asked to complete the Injection Phobia-Anxiety scale, measuring phobic symptoms. Women who scored 20 on the questionnaire were telephone-interviewed and then diagnosed or dismissed according to the DSM-IV criteria for blood and injection phobia. Main outcome measures. Prevalence of blood and injection phobia according to the DSM-IV. Results: Of 1,529 women who chose to participate (92.5%), 110 women or 7.2% fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for blood and injection phobia. The mean age of the women was 29.1 years. Conclusions: Blood and injection phobia is hitherto unreported in the literature, but seems to be relatively common and needs to be recognized during pregnancy as it causes a great deal of discomfort and fear among pregnant women. The Injection Phobia-Anxiety scale is suitable as a screening tool in an antenatal care clinic setting.
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| 15. |
- Lundberg, Kristina, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Diurnal and seasonal variation of cholecystokinin peptides in humans
- 2007
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Ingår i: Neuropeptides. - : Elsevier BV. - 0143-4179 .- 1532-2785. ; 41:1, s. 59-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cholecystokinin (CCK) was determined in plasma obtained from 10 female (aged 23.4 ± SD 2.3 years) and nine male (aged 22.0 ± SD 1.4 years) healthy volunteers. Blood samples were drawn three times (8.00 a.m., 12 noon and 8.00 a.m.) on each of two sessions, one in the winter (November-December) and one in the summer (April-July). The participants had fasted (and were nicotine-free) since midnight preceding the sampling. A standardized breakfast was served after the first sampling. CCK was determined by radioimmunoassay. The area under the curve 0-24 h (AUC)CCK Winter was lower than AUCCCK Summer (F1:17 = 4.73, P = 0.0440) in the whole group of volunteers. On comparing the CCK concentrations within each session, there was an overall difference in winter (F2:36 = 14.81, P < 0.0001) as well in summer (F2:36 = 18.39, P < 0.0001). Post hoc comparisons yielded a difference between the 8.00 a.m. and 12 noon concentrations on the first day in winter (t = -3.96, P = 0.0009) as well as in summer (t = -4.64, P = 0.0002). The difference between the summer and winter AUCsCCK correlated with the difference between AUCs for temperatures in summer and winter (r = 0.58, P = 0.0089). The correlation was accounted for by the females (r = 0.73, P = 0.0171). The results are in accord with a diurnal and a seasonal variation of CCK in human plasma. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 16. |
- Monfils Gustafsson, Wiktor, et al.
(författare)
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Preterm birth or foetal growth impairment and psychiatric hospitalization in adolescence and early adulthood in a Swedish population-based birth cohort
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 119:1, s. 54-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Preterm birth and restricted foetal growth are related to symptoms of psychiatric disorder. Our aim was therefore to investigate possible relations between being born preterm and/or small for gestational age (SGA) and later psychiatric hospitalization. Method: A population-based registry study of psychiatric hospitalization of in total 155 994 boys and 148 281 girls born in Sweden in 1973-1975. Results: The risk of hospitalization for all mental disorders was increased for preterm SGA boys (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.49-3.21); at-term SGA boys (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.34-1.79); at-term SGA girls (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.15-1.50). At-term SGA boys and girls suffered increased risk of anxiety and adjustment disorders (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.18-2.45 and OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.14-1.94). Preterm SGA boys were at risk of personality disorders (OR 3.30, 95% CI 1.16-9.41) and psychotic disorders (OR 4.36, 95% CI 1.85-10.30). Conclusion: The results show a relationship between being born SGA and later psychiatric hospitalization, where preterm birth and male gender seem to increase the risk.
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| 17. |
- Sternbeck, John, et al.
(författare)
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Triclosan, DEHP och klordan - samlad utvärdering av svenska miljöövervakningsdata
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Triclosan, di(2-etylhexyl)ftalat och klordan är tre ämnen vars förekomst i den svenska miljön undersökts vid skilda tillfällen, både inom ramen för den nationella miljöövervakningen och i andra sammanhang. Klordan ingår även i tidsserieövervakningen av luft, deposition och bröstmjölk. Triclosan har dessutom undersökts i två screeningstudier. Syftet med denna studie är att göra en samlad bedömning av dessa ämnens förekomst i miljön. I mindre utsträckning diskuteras även human exponering. Studien är en sammanställning av befintlig litteratur och data samt utvärdering av risker för miljö och hälsa. Varje ämne redovisas enligt: • Kortfattad beskrivning av ämnenas egenskaper med relevans för effekter på miljö och hälsa. • Översiktlig sammanställning av halter i miljön och i humana matriser, både från nationell miljöövervakning och enskilda studier. • Jämförelse av uppmätta halter med effektnivåer och gränsvärden för att bedöma eventuella risker. Sammanställningen av ämnenas egenskaper syftar till att identifiera kritiska effekter och receptorer för respektive ämne. Sammanställning av halter i olika matriser och typmiljöer (bakgrund, urban, industri) samt kunskap om ämnenas användning syftar till att identifiera vilka typområden som är mest påverkade, och där effekter följdaktligen först skulle uppträda. Risker för effekter på miljön bedöms genom att sammanväga kritiska effekter med förekomst i de mest påverkade typområdena. Risker för effekter på hälsa sammanfattas huvudsakligen utifrån tidigare nationella studier, och omfattar främst den exponering som sker via miljön. De huvusakliga slutsatserna är: 1. För triclosan bedöms de kritiska effekterna uppstå på alger eller mikroorganismer i påverkade områden, t.ex. i reningsverkens recipienter. Tillgängliga mätdata indikerar inte att triclosan utgör en risk för miljö. Human exponering för triclosan via miljön bidrar inte till hälsorisker. 2. De kritiska effekterna för DEHP bedöms uppstå i urban miljö hos fisk och akvatiska däggdjur. Tillgängliga mätdata indikerar inte att DEHP utgör en risk för miljön. Vid miljöriskbedömningen identifierades dock ett flertal osäkerheter. Vad gäller hälsorisker från DEHP är inte exponeringen i den svenska befolkningen tillräckligt väl karakteriserad, varför det är svårt att göra en riskbedömning. 3. De kritiska effekterna för klordan bedöms uppstå hos fiskpredatorer, t.ex. viss sjöfågel och rovfågel samt akvatiska däggdjur. Förslag till riktvärde i föda för skydd av predatorer har beräknats. Merparten av de uppmätta summahalterna i fisk i Sverige är något lägre än detta riktvärde. Dagens kunskap om klordans ekotoxicitet är dock otillräcklig för att helt kunna friskriva klordan från risk för effekter hos fiskätande predatorer. Likaså har man tidigare inte ansett sig kunna bedöma hälsorisker från t.ex. födointag av klordan.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 21. |
- Sydsjö, Adam, 1940-, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of obesity on the use of sickness absence and social benefits among pregnant working women
- 2007
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Ingår i: Public Health. - : Allan Press Inc.. - 0033-3506 .- 1476-5616. ; 121:9, s. 656-662
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate if obesity in early pregnancy has any possible impact on the capacity of pregnant women to engage in gainful employment.Methods: Register data from a database on sickness absence and pregnancy benefit and parental benefit claims were combined with type of occupation and body mass index (BMI) for 693 women consecutively delivered during the course of one year at a county hospital in Sweden.Results: The results showed the Lowest BMI among women who had administrative jobs and the highest BMI in women who undertook more burdensome and heavy types of manual work. A significant increase in BMI was also seen among those pregnant women who were registered as unemployed. The finding that in the manual types of occupation, obese pregnant women took almost twice as many days of leave provided by the parental benefit programme as did women with a BMI of < 25, indicates that obese pregnant women perhaps do not have the same physical endurance required to manage the combined demands of work and pregnancy. No differences were found with regard to sickness absence between obese women and pregnant women with normal BMI; however, differences were found between different occupational groups.Conclusions: Our study indicates that a woman's BMI at the beginning of pregnancy is associated with her occupational status. Obesity among pregnant women may well be used as a psychosociat indicator as obesity correlates with social and economic problems. Any planned weight reduction programme in antenatal, care must therefore consider this important psychosociat aspect. (c) 2006 The Royal Institute of Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 22. |
- Sydsjö, Adam, 1940-, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of rest during pregnancy on birth weight in working women
- 2006
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Ingår i: Obstetrics and Gynecology. - 0029-7844 .- 1873-233X. ; 107:5, s. 991-996
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Birth weight in Sweden has increased during the past decades. We investigated whether rest provided by the combination of time off from work and social benefits among working pregnant women contributed to the observed changes. METHOD: A total of 7,459 consecutively delivered women in 1978, 1986, 1992, and 1997 at 2 delivery wards in southeastern Sweden were studied. RESULTS: Between 1978 and 1997, the average birth weight among the children of the women studied increased from 3,484 to 3,566 grams (P < .001). The increase in weight was most evident among infants born to women who were employed during pregnancy. The use of social benefits and increased rest during pregnancy did not significantly influence birth weight (P = .107), even after adjustment for gestational length, parity, smoking, age, and occupation. CONCLUSION: The continuous increase in infants' birth weight among pregnant women in this study did not correlate with rest periods in the form of leave supported by social benefit programs. The effects of social benefit programs on pregnancy outcome may thus be overrated and merits further research. © 2006 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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| 23. |
- Sydsjö, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Rest During Pregnancy on Birth Weight in Working Women
- 2006
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Ingår i: Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0029-7844 .- 1873-233X. ; 107:5, s. 991-996
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Birth weight in Sweden has increased during the past decades. We investigated whether rest provided by the combination of time off from work and social benefits among working pregnant women contributed to the observed changes.METHOD: A total of 7,459 consecutively delivered women in 1978, 1986, 1992, and 1997 at 2 delivery wards in southeastern Sweden were studied.RESULTS: Between 1978 and 1997, the average birth weight among the children of the women studied increased from 3,484 to 3,566 grams (P < .001). The increase in weight was most evident among infants born to women who were employed during pregnancy. The use of social benefits and increased rest during pregnancy did not significantly influence birth weight (P = .107), even after adjustment for gestational length, parity, smoking, age, and occupation.sCONCLUSION: The continuous increase in infants' birth weight among pregnant women in this study did not correlate with rest periods in the form of leave supported by social benefit programs. The effects of social benefit programs on pregnancy outcome may thus be overrated and merits further research.
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| 24. |
- Sydsjö, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in induced abortions between 1975 and 2000 in a cohort of women born in 1960-64 in four Scandinavian countries.
- 2009
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Ingår i: The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1473-0782. ; 14:5, s. 334-339
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To study induced abortion rates, live birth rates, and proportions between the number of induced abortions and live births during a 25-year period in a cohort of Scandinavian women born 1960-1964. METHOD: The numbers of abortions and live births in a cohort of women in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden who were 15-19 years old in 1975 were retrieved from official statistics for 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995 and 2000, when these women had turned 40 to 44 years of age. RESULTS: Women in each country, who were 15-19 years old in 1975, maintained their original behaviour regarding induced abortion throughout their fertile period. Women in Denmark and Sweden, who had the highest rates of induced abortion in 1975, still had higher rates than women in Norway and Finland in 2000 when aged 40-44. CONCLUSION: Behaviour and attitudes established at a young age seem to remain unchanged over time. This finding indicates that guidance and education of youths concerning reproductive matters may be decisive in shaping behaviour for most of the fertile period.
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| 25. |
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