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| 2. |
- Kanis, John A, et al.
(författare)
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A meta-analysis of prior corticosteroid use and fracture risk.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of bone and mineral research. - 0884-0431 .- 1523-4681. ; 19:6, s. 893-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship between use of corticosteroids and fracture risk was estimated in a meta-analysis of data from seven cohort studies of approximately 42,000 men and women. Current and past use of corticosteroids was an important predictor of fracture risk that was independent of prior fracture and BMD. INTRODUCTION: The aims of this study were to validate that corticosteroid use is a significant risk factor for fracture in an international setting and to explore the effects of age and sex on this risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 42,500 men and women from seven prospectively studied cohorts followed for 176,000 patient-years. The cohorts comprised the EPOS/EVOS study, CaMos, the Rotterdam Study, Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study (DOES), and prospective cohorts at Sheffield, Rochester, and Gothenburg. The effect of ever use of corticosteroids, BMD, age, and sex on all fracture, osteoporotic fracture, and hip fracture risk alone was examined using Poisson regression in each cohort and for each sex. The results of the different studies were merged from the weighted beta coefficients. RESULTS: Previous corticosteroid use was associated with a significantly increased risk of any fracture, osteoporotic fracture, and hip fracture when adjusted for BMD. Relative risk of any fracture ranged from 1.98 at the age of 50 years to 1.66 at the age of 85 years. For osteoporotic fracture, the range of relative risk was 2.63-1.71, and for hip fracture 4.42-2.48. The estimate of relative risk was higher at younger ages, but not significantly so. No significant difference in risk was seen between men and women. The risk was marginally and not significantly upwardly adjusted when BMD was excluded from the model. The risk was independent of prior fracture. In the three cohorts that documented current corticosteroid use, BMD was significantly reduced at the femoral neck, but fracture risk was still only partly explained by BMD. CONCLUSION: We conclude that prior and current exposure to corticosteroids confers an increased risk of fracture that is of substantial importance beyond that explained by the measurement of BMD. Its identification on an international basis validates the use of this risk factor in case-finding strategies.
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- Kazakov, V. A., et al.
(författare)
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Classical/quantum integrability in AdS/CFT
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; 05, s. 024-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We discuss the AdS/CFT duality from the perspective of integrable systems and establish a direct relationship between the dimension of single trace local operators composed of two types of scalar fields in = 4 super Yang-Mills and the energy of their dual semiclassical string states in AdS5 × S5. The anomalous dimensions can be computed using a set of Bethe equations, which for ``long'' operators reduces to a Riemann-Hilbert problem. We develop a unified approach to the long wavelength Bethe equations, the classical ferromagnet and the classical string solutions in the SU(2) sector and present a general solution, governed by complex curves endowed with meromorphic differentials with integer periods. Using this solution we compute the anomalous dimensions of these long operators up to two loops and demonstrate that they agree with string-theory predictions.
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| 6. |
- Magnuson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Electronic-structure investigation of CeB6 by means of soft-x-ray scattering
- 2001
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 63:7, s. 075101-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electronic structure of the heavy fermion compound CeB6 is probed by resonant inelastic soft-x-ray scattering using photon energies across the Ce 3d and 4d absorption edges. The hybridization between the localized 4f orbitals and the delocalized valence-band states is studied by identifying the different spectral contributions from inelastic Raman scattering and normal fluorescence. Pronounced energy-loss structures are observed below the elastic peak at both the 3d and 4d thresholds. The origin and character of the inelastic scattering structures are discussed in terms of charge-transfer excitations in connection to the dipole allowed transitions with 4f character. Calculations within the single-impurity Anderson model with full multiplet effects are found to yield consistent spectral functions to the experimental data.
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| 7. |
- Shoenfeld, Yehuda, et al.
(författare)
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Features associated with epilepsy in the antiphospholipid syndrome
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Rheumatology. - 0315-162X. ; 31:7, s. 1344-1348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of epilepsy in primary and secondary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS); to analyze the clinical and laboratory features characterizing those with epilepsy in a cohort of 538 patients with APS; and to find associated features that would suggest risk factors for epilepsy in APS. METHODS: We analyzed the clinical features of patients with APS who had epilepsy and compared them to the clinical features of non-epileptic APS patients. RESULTS: Of 538 APS patients, 46 (8.6%) had epilepsy. Epilepsy was more prevalent among APS secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared to primary APS (13.7% vs 6%; p < 0.05). The patients with epilepsy had a higher prevalence of central nervous system (CNS) manifestations including focal ischemic events (strokes or transient ischemic events, 54.3% vs 24.6%; p < 0.0001) and amaurosis fugax (15.2% vs 4.9%; p < 0.05). APS patients with epilepsy had a higher frequency of valvular pathology (30.4% vs 14.6%; p < 0.01), thrombocytopenia (43.5% vs 25%; p < 0.05), and livedo reticularis (26.1% vs 11.5%; p < 0.01). The multivariate logistic regression analysis found CNS thromboembolic events as the most significant factor associated with epilepsy, with an odds ratio (OR) of 4.05 (95% confidence interval, CI: 2.05-8), followed by SLE (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2-4.7), and valvular vegetations (OR 2.87, 95% CI 1-8.27). CONCLUSION: Epilepsy is common in APS and most of the risk seems to be linked to vascular disease as manifested by extensive CNS involvement, valvulopathy, and livedo reticularis and to the presence of SLE. These factors, however, explain only part of the increased occurrence of epilepsy in APS and other causes such as direct immune interaction in the brain should be investigated.
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| 14. |
- Engquist, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Yang-Mills duals for semiclassical strings on AdS5 × S5
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; 0311, s. 063-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider a semiclassical multiwrapped circular string pulsating on S5, whose center of mass has angular momentum J on an S3 subspace. Using the AdS/CFT correspondence we argue that the one-loop anomalous dimension of the dual operator is a simple rational function of J/L, where J is the R-charge and L is the bare dimension of the operator. We then reproduce this result directly from a super Yang-Mills computation, where we make use of the integrability of the one-loop system to set up an integral equation that we solve. We then verify the results of Frolov and Tseytlin for circular rotating strings with R-charge assignment (J',J',J). In this case we solve for an integral equation found in the O(−1) matrix model when J'<J and the O(+1) matrix model if J'>J. The latter region starts at J' = L/2 and continues down, but an apparent critical point is reached at J' = 4J. We argue that the critical point is just an artifact of the Bethe ansatz and that the conserved charges of the underlying integrable model are analytic for all J' and that the results from the O(−1) model continue onto the results of the O(+1) model.
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| 15. |
- Guo, J. H., et al.
(författare)
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The molecular structure of alcohol-water mixtures determined by soft-X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - : Elsevier BV. - 0368-2048 .- 1873-2526. ; 137-40:SI, s. 425-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have examined the influence of the intermolecular interaction on the local electronic structure by using X-ray absorption and emission spectra of liquid methanol, water, and their mixtures (in molar ratios of 9:1 and 7:3). We find a strong involvement of hydrogen bonding in the mixing of water and methanol molecules. The local electronic structure of water and methanol clusters, where water cluster is bridging within a 6-member open-ring structured methanol cluster, is separately determined. The experimental findings suggest an incomplete mixing of water-alcohol systems and a strong self- association between methanol chain and water cluster through hydrogen bonding. The enhancement of joint water-methanol open-ring structure owes the explanation to the loss of entropy of the aqueous solutions.
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| 17. |
- Hua, Jianyi, et al.
(författare)
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Oxi4503, a novel vascular targeting agent: effects on blood flow and antitumor activity in comparison to combretastatin A-4 phosphate.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Anticancer research. - 1791-7530. ; 23:2B, s. 1433-1440
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxi4503, which is the diphosphate prodrug of combretastatin A1, is a novel vascular targeting agent from the combretastatin family. Another member of this family, Combretastatin A-4 phosphate (CA4P), is a well-characterized vascular targeting agent already being evaluated in clinical trials. The potential for tumor vascular targeting by Oxi4503 was assessed in a mouse system. This approach aims to shut down the established tumor vasculature, leading to the development of extensive tumor cell necrosis. The vascular effects of Oxi4503 were assessed in the s.c. implanted MDA-MB-231 adenocarcinoma and the MHEC5-T hemangio-endothelioma in SCID mice and in a range of normal tissues. Blood flow was measured by i.v. injection of fluorescence beads, while quantitative fluorescence microscopy was used to measure the spatial heterogeneity of blood flow in tumor sections. Oxi4503 induced the shutdown of tumor blood vessels in a dose-dependent pattern with an ED50 at 3 mg/kg in contrast to 43 mg/kg of CA4P. Quantitative fluorescence microscopy showed that Oxi4503 increased the spatial heterogeneity in tumor blood flow. Oxi4503 affected peripheral tumor regions less than central regions, although this was not as pronounced as seen with CA4P, where only central regions were affected. The vascular shutdown induced by administration of Oxi4503 at a dose of 6 mg/kg resulted in extensive cell loss 24 hours following treatment, which translated into a significant effect on tumor growth. Tumor growth was completely repressed at doses above 12.5 mg/kg of Oxi4503, while doses above 25 mg/kg showed tumor regression and even complete regression in some animals. These results are promising for the use of Oxi4503 as a tumor vascular targeting agent. Moreover the potent antitumor effect when administered as a single agent suggests a different activity profile than CA4P.
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| 22. |
- Minahan, Joseph A., et al.
(författare)
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Effective tachyon dynamics in superstring theory
- 2001
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS. - : EDITRICE COMPOSITORI BOLOGNA. - 1029-8479. ; 2001:3, s. U914-U922 Language: English
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A recently proposed l = 1 field theory model of tachyon dynamics for unstable bosonic D-branes has been shown to arise as the two-derivative truncation of (boundary)-string field theory. Using an l --> 1 limit appropriate to stable kinks we obtain a model
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| 23. |
- Minahan, Joseph A., et al.
(författare)
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Field theory models for tachyon and gauge field string dynamics
- 2000
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS. - : EDITRICE COMPOSITORI BOLOGNA. - 1029-8479. ; 2000:9, s. U533-U552 Language: English
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In hep-th/0008227, the unstable lump solution of phi (3) theory was shown to have a spectrum governed by the solvable Schroedinger equation with the l = 3 reflectionless potential and was used as a model for tachyon condensation in string theory. In this
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| 24. |
- Minahan, Joseph A., et al.
(författare)
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Gauge fields and fermions in tachyon effective field theories
- 2001
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS. - : EDITRICE COMPOSITORI BOLOGNA. - 1029-8479. ; 2001:2, s. U679-U707 Language: English
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we incorporate gauge fields into the tachyon field theory models for unstable D-branes in bosonic and in type-II string theories. The chosen couplings yield massless gauge fields and an infinite set of equally spaced massive gauge fields on
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| 25. |
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