| 1. |
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Agglomeration, clusters and entrepreneurship : Studies in regional economic development
- 2014
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Regional economic development has experienced considerable dynamism over recent years. Perhaps the most notable cases were the rise of China and India to emergent country status by the turn of the millennium. With time now for hindsight, this book identifies some of the key forces behind these development successes, namely agglomeration, clusters and entrepreneurship.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Import flows: extraregional linkages stimulating renewal of regional sectors?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Environment & Planning A. - : SAGE Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 45:12, s. 2999-3017
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine the role of regional import flows for renewal of regional industries. The hypothesis is that imports stimulate renewal of local industries by being vehicles for technology diffusion and means by which local firms can exploit advantages of global specialisation. We find robust and positive relationships between high-quality imports and renewal of regional exports, where the latter are measured by the introduction of novel export products of local firms. Connectedness to international markets via import networks appears to be a stimulus for the renewal of regional exports.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Imports and regional development
- 2014
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Ingår i: Knowledge, Innovation and Space. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781848449015 - 9781783475988 ; , s. 80-102
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2013
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Ingår i: Innovation and Growth. - : Oxford University Press. - 9780191748998 - 9780199646685
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Multinationals in the Knowledge Economy : A case study of AstraZeneca in Sweden
- 2010
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Ingår i: Repositioning Europe and America for Growth. - Berlin : LIT Verlag. - 9783643107763
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This report presents a case study of the role of a large R&D intensive multinational company for a small open economy. The case study examines the role of AstraZeneca in the Swedish economy, i.e. an economy dominated by multinational companies. The purpose of the report is to analyze the interaction of AstraZeneca’s units in Sweden with the rest of the Swedish economy, and the Swedish innovation system in particular. We analyze the company’s role as an employer in the private sector, its transaction links with other Swedish firms and its role for Sweden’s exports. In a second perspective we focus on the company’s role in the Swedish knowledge economy and innovation system. The report analyses the company as a node for knowledge flows in the Swedish economy and innovation system, and its role as an employer of highly educated and skilled workers in Sweden.Our analysis of the Swedish units’ interaction with the rest of the Swedish economy shows that ’traditional’ couplings in the form of transactions with Swedish suppliers are limited. It is instead the company’s position in the ‘knowledge economy’ that makes its presence in Sweden important.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Preface
- 2013
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Ingår i: Innovation and Growth. - : Oxford University Press (OUP).
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Reflections
- 2013
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Ingår i: Innovation and Growth. - : Oxford University Press. - 9780191748998 - 9780199646685
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Backman, Mikaela, et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of entrepreneurship. Is it all about the individual or the region?
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is well established at whatever spatial level studied that economic actors exhibit a strong tendency to cluster. Despite this fact many explanations to entrepreneurship only considers the personal characteristics of entrepreneurs. This is certainly not a satisfactory state-of-the-art. It is obvious that the influence of spatial factors must be considered carefully. In this paper we illustrate empirically that variations in the rate of entrepreneurship are explained not only in terms of characteristics of entrepreneurs, such as education, sector of employment, occupation, experience and income but also by the characteristics of i) the localities where they worked before they became entrepreneurs, ii) the localities where they currently started their firm and iii) the regions where these localities are situated. The characteristics of localities include size, population density, firm density and type of locality (metropolitan, urban, semi-rural or rural). The estimations use a multi-level approach to decipher the how much of the variance that can be explained by the different levels (individual, locality and region). The data used in this study is micro-level data for Sweden provided by Statistics Sweden.
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| 12. |
- Backman, Mikaela
(författare)
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Regions, Human Capital and New Firm Formation
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis shows the importance of human capital at the individual, firm, and regional level through its effects on returns to education, firm productivity and new firm formation. The thesis further shows the importance of banks as a determinant for new firm formation at the local level. The thesis comprises of five chapters, one introductory chapter followed by four independent chapters, empirical in their nature.The second chapter in the thesis, Regional Variations of Returns to Education, analyses individuals’ return to education in different regional contexts. The results show that returns to education differ according to type of location. Conclusively, the often-assumed hypothesis of equal returns to education for all regions in a country can be rejected. The second chapter, Human Capital and Firm Performance, uses a firm perspective and tests how human capital, within and outside the firm, influences firm productivity. Results show that both types of human capital are positively associated with firm productivity. Overall, it is firm attributes that explain most of the productivity variance. The third chapter, Accessibility to Human Capital and New Firm Formation, compares how human capital influences new firm formation in different regional categories. Overall, it is the access to human capital at the local and intra-regional level that increases the new firm formation rate. However, the influence from human capital differs across the regional categories and their position in the hierarchical system. The last chapter, Banks and New Firm Formation, analyses how different characteristics of the local bank sector influence new firm formation. The average size of bank branches per capita, independent banks, bank branches per capita and the competitive level are positively associated with local startups.
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| 13. |
- Backman, Mikaela, et al.
(författare)
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Who says life is over after 55? Entrepreneurship and an aging population
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Several studies confirm a positive inverted U-shaped relationship between age and entrepreneurship. This paper analyses if this statement is true also for Sweden. By focusing on those above the age of 50, this paper adds knowledge about how individuals close to their retirement act in terms of self-employment and to what extent they contributeas entrepreneurs to the overall society. First, it analyses at the regional level the propensity of older people to start firms with a focus on the relationship between different age cohorts and the rate of new firm formation. At the second stage, an individual perspective is taken where the probability to become self-employed is expected to increase as individuals become older but at a decreasing rate. By decomposing the population in different age cohorts, it is possible to find differences in the probability of becoming self-employed. To increase and deepen the knowledge about the relationship between age and entrepreneurship this paper further adds to existing literature by separating regions into different categories along the urban-rural hierarchy. The results in this paper confirm that the rate of entrepreneurship first increases and then decreases with age. Individuals above both 55 and 64 have a positive influence on the rate of entrepreneurship at both the regional as well as the individual level. The impact is stronger in locations that are more rural.
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| 14. |
- Bernhard, Irene, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Editorial
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business. - 1476-1297 .- 1741-8054. ; 21:3, s. 269-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Bjerke, Lina
(författare)
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Knowledge flows across space and firms
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation consists of four separate papers and an introductory chapter. The four papers can be read independently of each other but are held together by concepts around embodied knowledge: knowledge embodied in products and embodied knowledge flows. Thus the papers mainly contribute to the empirical literature on firm and regional knowledge. The rapid growth of knowledge-based industries is one of the prominent features of post-industrialism and economic growth in the industrialised part of the world. The first paper investigates the residential choice of Swedish university graduates after graduation. It also analyses what factors make them move away from their graduation region. In addition to individual characters such as age and gender, there are also regional characteristics that can either retain graduates or make them choose another residence region. The results of this paper show that large and growing regions are good at keeping their graduates but are also good at attracting graduates from other regions. The second paper examines what regional characteristics are preferable attributes in order to renew regional exports in the manufacturing sector with export products from other regions. The results indicate that to do so, regions need a specialised export support system and a large amount of sector-related knowledge. The third paper deals with the issue of how industries and regions absorb new knowledge. Focusing on the role of regional high-quality import flows, the results of this paper show that imports play an important role in regional high-quality export renewal. The fourth paper investigates how creative labour inflow affect the productivity in firms in knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS). Labour inflow bring new knowledge and increase firm productivity but only if the incoming knowledge is firm-related, which means that the firm can absorb this new knowledge and incorporate and add it into the existing knowledge stock.
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| 17. |
- Bjerke, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Metropolitan regions and export renewal
- 2013
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Ingår i: Advances in Spatial Science. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer International Publishing. ; , s. 235-260, s. 235-260
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metropolitan regions are advantageous location for new export products due to factors such as external economies, diversified industry environment and a large share of skilled labour. This is the main assumption of this paper. What happens to these products when the technology becomes common knowledge? Using empirical data on exports, we find that products with a high specialisation in the metropolitan region have a tendency to be successful in the non-metropolitan regions subsequent years. Also, this export product diffusion does not seem to be related to a location in the immediate proximity to the metropolitan region. Instead, the recipient regions are mainly characterised as being centrally located in its labour market region, having a high share of highly educated individuals. Features related product standardisation such as a large manufacturing sector and low labour costs cannot be distinguished as prominent features.
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| 18. |
- Casalongue, Hernan G. Sanchez, et al.
(författare)
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Operando Characterization of an Amorphous Molybdenum Sulfide Nanoparticle Catalyst during the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 118:50, s. 29252-29259
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molybdenum sulfide structures, particularly amorphous MoS3 nanoparticles, are promising materials in the search for cost-effective and scalable water-splitting catalysts. Ex situ observations show that the nanoparticles exhibit a composition change from MoS3 to defective MoS2 when subjected to hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) conditions, raising questions regarding the active surface sites taking part in the reaction. We tracked the in situ transformation of amorphous MoS3 nanoparticles under HER conditions through ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and performed density functional theory studies of model MoSx systems. We demonstrate that, under operating conditions, surface sites are converted from MoS3 to MoS2 in a gradual manner and that the electrolytic current densities are proportional to the extent of the transformation. We also posit that it is the MoS2 edge-like sites that are active during HER, with the high activity of the catalyst being attributed to the increase in surface MoS2 edge-like sites after the reduction of MoS3 sites.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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Entrepreneurship, social capital and governance : Directions for the sustainable development and competitiveness of regions
- 2012. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book highlights the role of entrepreneurship, social capital and governance for regional economic development. In recent decades, many researchers have claimed that entrepreneurship is the most critical factor in sustaining regional economic growth. However, most entrepreneurship research is undertaken without considering the fundamental importance of the regional context. Other research has emphasized the role of social capital but there are substantial problems in empirically relating measures of social capital to regional economic development. © Charlie Karlsson, Börje Johansson and Roger R. Stough 2012. All rights reserved.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Gråsjö, Urban, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Accessibility : An Underused Analytical and Empirical Tool in Spatial Economics
- 2014
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Ingår i: ACCESSIBILITY AND SPATIAL INTERACTION. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781782540724 - 9781782540731 ; , s. 211-236
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accessibility has for many years been a widely used tool in transportation research. Many definitions have been suggested and researchers have constructed numerous mathematical formulations to measure its value in order to be able to evaluate the relationships between the nature of the transport systems and the patterns of land use. Such correlations have been used especially in assessing existing transport systems and forecasting their performance to provide decision-makers with ideas about the need for investments in the transport systems. However, accessibility measures can be regarded as the spatial counterparts of discounting. The measures represent the spatial distribution of economic agents and their activities in a simple way that imposes a very clear structure upon the relationship between these agents and their activities and their environment. Various frictional effects arising from geographical distance between economic agents determine their interaction options, that is, their options to trade, to cooperate, to learn, to commute, and so on. Observing that the time sensitivities of the economic agents vary between different spatial scales (and between different economic activities) we may impose a spatial structure (for example, local, intra-regional, interregional and international) which offers opportunities to define variables in such a way that spatial dependencies can be accommodated. These newly defined variables can then be used in empirical explanations of various spatial phenomena, such as patent output, new firm formation, the emergence of new export products, and economic growth in different spatial units. We will in this chapter against this background show that accessibility is an underused analytical and empirical tool in regional science with an underestimated potential.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Gråsjö, Urban, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial knowledge spillovers in Europe : A Meta-Analysis
- 2013
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Ingår i: The Innovation Union in Europe: A Socio-Economic Perspective on EU Integration. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9780857939906 - 9780857939913 ; , s. 144-175
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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