| 1. |
- Backman, Mikaela, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Age of managers and employees – Firm survival
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of the Economics of Ageing. - : Elsevier. - 2212-828X. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many developed countries will face a disproportionately large share of older individuals in the future. This change may lead to a labour force characterized by older employees and older operational managers. This paper contributes to the existing literature on the effect of aging on firm performance by performing an explorative analysis of how the age of the operational manager and the age composition of employees relate to the survival of Swedish firms during 2004–2013. We observe that the relationship between the age of the operational manager and firm exit changes functional shape when separated into different firm-size categories. Additionally, the age of the operational manager tends to be more important for new firms compared to incumbents. The share of older employees is positively associated with firm survival.
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| 2. |
- Backman, Mikaela, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Ageing places : convergence and the role of the foreign population
- 2023
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Ingår i: Regional studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0034-3404 .- 1360-0591.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using data for over four decades, we examine the ageing of Swedish municipalities and if there has been convergence or divergence across time and space, where we differentiate across the urban–rural hierarchy. As migration is claimed to be a moderating factor in the ageing of places, we assess how the share of immigrants relates to ageing patterns. Our findings show that the share of older individuals increases in more peripheral localities and that there has been convergence across municipalities. However, the share of foreign population is negatively related to the ageing profile of a place.
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| 3. |
- Backman, Mikaela, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Opportunity- and necessity- driven entrepreneurship in urban versus rural locations
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Rural Enterprise Economy. - London : Taylor and Francis. - 9781000465853 - 9781003034001 ; , s. 147-161
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Most rural areas face a range of challenges stemming from the loss of their traditional comparative advantages due to mechanisation, automation, and structural change. In comparison to urban regions, these areas face systemic structural problems, such as lower levels of formal education, ageing populations, and a low and shrinking market potential. Rural areas therefore tend to offer a less fertile environment for entrepreneurship than urban areas provide. In this chapter, we will explore various aspects of rural entrepreneurship by analysing how the volume of entrepreneurship varies in rural areas in Sweden depending upon the size of the local market potential and the development level of the local economic milieu. We will further share insights into rural entrepreneurship by analysing the relative shares of distinct types of entrepreneurship by separating unincorporated and incorporated firms and distinguishing new firms with multiple employees from one-employee firms. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Birgit Leick, Susanne Gretzinger, and Teemu Makkonen.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bernhard, I., et al.
(författare)
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Editorial
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1476-1297 .- 1741-8054. ; 42:1-2, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Bernhard, Iréne, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Editorial
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business. - 1476-1297 .- 1741-8054. ; 42:1-2, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bernhard, Iréne, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction to Unlocking Regional Innovation and Entrepreneurship : The Potential for Increasing Capacities
- 2021
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Ingår i: Unlocking Regional Innovation and Entrepreneurship. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781800371248 - 9781800371231 ; , s. 1-13
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is well-known that development is uneven across regions. The current academic and political consensus calls for policy interventions targeted towards a more balanced, inclusive and regionally cohesive growth. Yet, despite decades of sizeable policy efforts, there is no clear evidence of economic and social convergence across regions within countries. Entrepreneurship and innovation are proven to be strong drivers of regional economic development, and therefore they offer a source of potential solutions to the challenges imposed by an adverse international context. However, both entrepreneurial and innovative activity are themselves highly unevenly distributed in space, which might in itself be a main cause of the persistent regional inequalities in both developed and developing countries. A deeper understanding of the drivers and the implications of sub-national disparities in entrepreneurship and innovation is therefore a priority for implementing policies aimed at unlocking the potential of all regions in order to maximize their contribution to national growth and prosperity. In this introductory chapter, we create a background and a foundation for the rest of the chapters in this edited volume. © Iréne Bernhard, Urban Gråsjö and Charlie Karlsson 2021.
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| 10. |
- Cicerone, Gloria, et al.
(författare)
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Unlocking the potential of regions through entrepreneurship and innovation
- 2022
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Ingår i: The annals of regional science. - : Springer. - 0570-1864 .- 1432-0592. ; 69, s. 555-557
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The special issue provides a stimulating set of results and theories on regional entrepreneurship and its fundamental role for growth and development. Although the spatial component is analyzed from different perspectives, all the papers highlight the importance of the regional differences in ensuring the appropriate design and implementation of policies aimed at unlocking the potential of regions through entrepreneurship and innovation.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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Implementing Sustainable Development Goals in Europe : The Role of Political Entrepreneurship
- 2020
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This unique book expertly analyses European political entrepreneurship in relation to the European Union’s approach towards the Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development strategy. It explores the role of European political entrepreneurs in shaping, influencing and realising the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals. Chapters examine EU actors in the context of numerous development goals to assess how political entrepreneurship challenges traditional EU institutions and promotes visionary activity.
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| 13. |
- Karlsson, Charlie, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Diversity, innovation and entrepreneurship : where are we and where should we go in future studies?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Small Business Economics. - : Springer New York LLC. - 0921-898X .- 1573-0913. ; 56:2, s. 759-772
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we review and comment upon the development of the literature on diversity, innovation, and entrepreneurship. In an overview of previous studies and various strands of literatures, we outline and argue that to better understand the intricate dynamic relationships between diversity, innovation, entrepreneurship, and regional development there is a strong need to further develop “the economics of spatial diversity.” We further argue that this development may benefit from combining various literatures based upon sound economic micro-foundations, to develop a more absolute understanding of diversity and fulfill the need of more clear mechanisms for future empirical testing. Obviously, this is important both from a research point of view and in order to provide policymakers with a powerful set of analytical tools. We call for more analytical work and more high-quality empirical studies. With a set of papers, we believe this special issue to provide a contribution in this direction. © 2019, The Author(s).
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| 14. |
- Karlsson, Charlie, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Industrial policy in developed countries : A difficult but important policy area
- 2021
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Ingår i: Unlocking Regional Innovation and Entrepreneurship: The Potential for Increasing Capacities. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781800371248 - 9781800371231 ; , s. 80-109
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this chapter is to review how industrial policy developed from mainly a ‘passive’ policy focusing market failures to a mainly ‘active’ policy focusing on creating better conditions for growth and international competitiveness. We have discussed the interpretation of the concept of the industrial policy and followed up that discussion with an overview of the arguments for and against the industrial policy. We have highlighted the the-oretical foundations for industrial policy and illustrated the difference between ‘old’ and ʼnew’ industrial policies. We paid particular attention to ‘spatial’ aspect of industrial policy by discussing whether industrial policies should be place-neutral or place-based. The paper ends with a discussion of the difficulties related to the formulation and implementation of industrial policies.
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| 15. |
- Karlsson, Charlie, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Innovative transformations of global city regions in the post-urban world
- 2020
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Ingår i: Urban empires: Cities as global rulers in the new urban world. Glaeser, E., Kourtit, K., Nijkamp, P. (red.). - New York City : Taylor & Francis. - 9780429892363 - 9781138601703 ; , s. 257-274, s. 257-274
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 16. |
- Karlsson, Charlie, 1945-
(författare)
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My Experiences of the COVID-19 Pandemic So Far
- 2022
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Ingår i: The COVID-19 Crisis and Entrepreneurship. - Cham : Springer. - 9783031046544 - 9783031046551 ; , s. 147-169
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this essay, I share my personal and my family’s experiences of living in the middle of a pandemic in Sweden. Interestingly, due to severe health problems in the family, the pandemic for half a year was a non-issue. As a background for my essay, I present information about the diffusion of the coronavirus in Sweden during the three first waves and about the special Swedish strategy to combat the virus. The Swedish strategy was criticized heavily abroad by politicians and media despite that there before the large outbreak of the pandemic in Europe had been a widespread agreement among the state epidemiologists in the EU to follow a strategy to combat the pandemic of the kind Sweden adopted. I also highlight how public policy authority is divided between the government, the central governmental agencies, the regions and the municipalities, which all according to the Swedish constitution have an independent standing and each have their own areas of responsibility. This explains why the governmental agency the Public Health Agency took the lead in the anti-COVID measures in Sweden and not the Swedish government. At the end, I also present my own preliminary personal evaluation of the way the Swedish authorities dealt with the pandemic.
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| 17. |
- Karlsson, Charlie, et al.
(författare)
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Social Capital, Innovativeness, and the New Economic Geography
- 2021. - 2nd ed.
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Ingår i: Handbook of Regional Science. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Nature. ; , s. 1397-1412
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter discusses the relationship between, on the one hand, the knowledge economy’s social capital and innovativeness and, on the other hand, the new economic geography, which mainly is valid for the manufacturing economy. The discussion ends up in a proposition for a “new economic geography 2 model, " in which the knowledge producing sector and its relations to other sectors are modeled in a framework of two or more regions. The overarching mechanisms and results are similar in the two models: cumulative causation create and enhance regional disparities, but the processes are partly different. It may seem somewhat paradoxical that the industrial specialization, which is a result of the original new economic geography model, in the new model is replaced by “specialization in diversification, " but the knowledge economy’s specialization is “subtle” and diverse - and, as it seems, with subsectors related to and dependent on each other. This is all a reflection of the proposition that social capital and innovativeness play a much larger role for growth and development in the knowledge economy than they did in the manufacturing economy.
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| 18. |
- Tavassoli, Sam, et al.
(författare)
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The role of location on complexity of firms’ innovation outcome
- 2021
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Ingår i: Technological forecasting & social change. - : Elsevier. - 0040-1625 .- 1873-5509. ; 162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we analyze how the location of firms influences their innovation outcomes, particularly the complexity of the outcomes. Using three waves of the Community Innovation Survey in Sweden for a balanced panel of firms from 2006 to 2012, we identified a range of innovation outcome categories, i.e. simple and complex (low-, medium-, highly-complex). The backbone of such categorization is based on how firms introduce a combination of Schumpeterian types of innovations (i.e. process, product, marketing, and organizational). Then we consider three regional characteristics that may affect the innovation outcomes of firms, i.e. (i) qualified labor market thickness, (ii) knowledge-intensive services thickness, and (iii) knowledge spillovers extent. We find that regional characteristics do not affect firms’ innovation outcomes ubiquitously. They are only positively associated with those firms introducing the highly-complex innovation outcomes. For firms with less complex innovation outcomes, the regional characteristics do not seem to play a pivotal role. For these innovators, internal resources and formal collaboration with external partners have a significant role.
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| 19. |
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