| 1. |
- Glasbey, JC, et al.
(författare)
-
- 2021
-
swepub:Mat__t
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Aartsen, M. G., et al.
(författare)
-
Development of an analysis to probe the neutrino mass ordering with atmospheric neutrinos using three years of IceCube DeepCore data IceCube Collaboration
- 2020
-
Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : SPRINGER. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 80:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Neutrino Mass Ordering (NMO) remains one of the outstanding questions in the field of neutrino physics. One strategy to measure the NMO is to observe matter effects in the oscillation pattern of atmospheric neutrinos above similar to 1GeV, as proposed for several next-generation neutrino experiments. Moreover, the existing IceCube DeepCore detector can already explore this type of measurement. We present the development and application of two independent analyses to search for the signature of the NMO with three years of DeepCore data. These analyses include a full treatment of systematic uncertainties and a statistically-rigorous method to determine the significance for the NMO from a fit to the data. Both analyses show that the dataset is fully compatible with both mass orderings. For the more sensitive analysis, we observe a preference for normal ordering with a p-value of pIO=15.3% and CLs=53.3% for the inverted ordering hypothesis, while the experimental results from both analyses are consistent within their uncertainties. Since the result is independent of the value of delta CP and obtained from energies E nu greater than or similar to 5GeV, it is complementary to recent results from long-baseline experiments. These analyses set the groundwork for the future of this measurement with more capable detectors, such as the IceCube Upgrade and the proposed PINGU detector.
|
|
| 4. |
- Aartsen, M. G., et al.
(författare)
-
Neutrinos below 100 TeV from the southern sky employing refined veto techniques to IceCube data
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Astroparticle physics. - : ELSEVIER. - 0927-6505 .- 1873-2852. ; 116
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many Galactic sources of gamma rays, such as supernova remnants, are expected to produce neutrinos with a typical energy cutoff well below 100 TeV. For the IceCube Neutrino Observatory located at the South Pole, the southern sky, containing the inner part of the Galactic plane and the Galactic Center, is a particularly challenging region at these energies, because of the large background of atmospheric muons. In this paper, we present recent advancements in data selection strategies for track-like muon neutrino events with energies below 100 TeV from the southern sky. The strategies utilize the outer detector regions as veto and features of the signal pattern to reduce the background of atmospheric muons to a level which, for the first time, allows IceCube searching for point-like sources of neutrinos in the southern sky at energies between 100 GeV and several TeV in the muon neutrino charged current channel. No significant clustering of neutrinos above background expectation was observed in four years of data recorded with the completed IceCube detector. Upper limits on the neutrino flux for a number of spectral hypotheses are reported for a list of astrophysical objects in the southern hemisphere.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Ahearn, Thomas U., et al.
(författare)
-
Common variants in breast cancer risk loci predispose to distinct tumor subtypes
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research. - : Springer Nature. - 1465-5411 .- 1465-542X. ; 24:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple common breast cancer susceptibility variants. Many of these variants have differential associations by estrogen receptor (ER) status, but how these variants relate with other tumor features and intrinsic molecular subtypes is unclear.MethodsAmong 106,571 invasive breast cancer cases and 95,762 controls of European ancestry with data on 173 breast cancer variants identified in previous GWAS, we used novel two-stage polytomous logistic regression models to evaluate variants in relation to multiple tumor features (ER, progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and grade) adjusting for each other, and to intrinsic-like subtypes.ResultsEighty-five of 173 variants were associated with at least one tumor feature (false discovery rate < 5%), most commonly ER and grade, followed by PR and HER2. Models for intrinsic-like subtypes found nearly all of these variants (83 of 85) associated at p < 0.05 with risk for at least one luminal-like subtype, and approximately half (41 of 85) of the variants were associated with risk of at least one non-luminal subtype, including 32 variants associated with triple-negative (TN) disease. Ten variants were associated with risk of all subtypes in different magnitude. Five variants were associated with risk of luminal A-like and TN subtypes in opposite directions.ConclusionThis report demonstrates a high level of complexity in the etiology heterogeneity of breast cancer susceptibility variants and can inform investigations of subtype-specific risk prediction.
|
|
| 8. |
- Christodoulou, Paris, et al.
(författare)
-
In Vitro Fermentation of Pleurotus eryngii Mushrooms by Human Fecal Microbiota : Metataxonomic Analysis and Metabolomic Profiling of Fermentation Products
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland). - : MDPI. - 2309-608X. ; 9:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Edible mushrooms contain biologically active compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and anticancer properties. The link between their anticancer and immunomodulatory properties with their possible prebiotic activity on gut micro-organisms has been the subject of intense research over the last decade. Lyophilized Pleurotus eryngii (PE) mushrooms, selected due to their strong lactogenic effect and anti-genotoxic, immunomodulatory properties, underwent in vitro static batch fermentation for 24 h by fecal microbiota from eight elderly apparently healthy volunteers (>65 years old). The fermentation-induced changes in fecal microbiota communities were examined using Next Generation Sequencing of the hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Primary processing and analysis were conducted using the Ion Reporter Suite. Changes in the global metabolic profile were assessed by 1H NMR spectroscopy, and metabolites were assigned by 2D NMR spectroscopy and the MetaboMiner platform. PLS-DA analysis of both metataxonomic and metabolomic data showed a significant cluster separation of PE fermented samples relative to controls. DEseq2 analysis showed that the abundance of families such as Lactobacillaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae were increased in PE samples. Accordingly, in metabolomics, more than twenty metabolites including SCFAs, essential amino acids, and neurotransmitters discriminate PE samples from the respective controls, further validating the metataxonomic findings.
|
|
| 9. |
- Kerezoudi, Evangelia N., 1995-, et al.
(författare)
-
Fermentation of Pleurotus ostreatus and Ganoderma lucidum mushrooms and their extracts by the gut microbiota of healthy and osteopenic women : potential prebiotic effect and impact of mushroom fermentation products on human osteoblasts
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Food & Function. - : RSC Publishing. - 2042-6496 .- 2042-650X. ; 12:4, s. 1529-1546
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent data have highlighted the role of the gut microbiota and its several metabolites in maintaining bone health. Thus, gut microbiota manipulation, e.g., by prebiotics, might offer a plausible target in the fight against bone degenerative diseases. This study aimed (a) to investigate the in vitro prebiotic potential of Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms in healthy and osteopenic women and (b) to explore the impact of mushroom fermentation products on human osteoblasts. G. lucidum LGAM 9720 and P. ostreatus IK 1123 lyophilized mushroom-powders (2% w/v) and their hot-water extracts (1% w/v) were fermented in a 24 h static batch culture model by using faecal inocula from healthy (n = 3) or osteopenic (n = 3) donors. Gut microbiota analysis (qPCR) and measurement of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were performed during fermentation, and 24 h-prebiotic indexes were calculated. Evaluation of the effects of fermentation products on bone metabolism parameters (OPG: osteoprotegerin; and RANKL: receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand) in osteoblast cultures was also performed. Our data suggest that the origin of the gut microbiota inoculum plays a major role in the viability of osteoblasts. The treatments using P. ostreatus mushroom-powder and G. lucidum mushroom-extract had positive effects based on gut microbiota and SCFA analyses. Both mushrooms exhibited lower RANKL levels compared to controls, whereas their extracts tended to enhance the osteoblastic activity. In conclusion, mushrooms that are rich in beta-glucans may exert beneficial in vitro effects on bone physiology by alterations in the gut microbiota and/or SCFA production.
|
|
| 10. |
- Mitsou, Evdokia K., et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of Rich in Β-Glucans Edible Mushrooms on Aging Gut Microbiota Characteristics : An In Vitro Study
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Molecules. - : MDPI. - 1431-5157 .- 1420-3049. ; 25:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alterations of gut microbiota are evident during the aging process. Prebiotics may restore the gut microbial balance, with β-glucans emerging as prebiotic candidates. This study aimed to investigate the impact of edible mushrooms rich in β-glucans on the gut microbiota composition and metabolites by using in vitro static batch culture fermentations and fecal inocula from elderly donors (n = 8). Pleurotus ostreatus, P. eryngii, Hericium erinaceus and Cyclocybe cylindracea mushrooms derived from various substrates were examined. Gut microbiota composition (quantitative PCR (qPCR)) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs; gas chromatography (GC)) were determined during the 24-h fermentation. P. eryngii induced a strong lactogenic effect, while P. ostreatus and C. cylindracea induced a significant bifidogenic effect (p for all <0.05). Furthermore, P. eryngii produced on wheat straw and the prebiotic inulin had comparable Prebiotic Indexes, while P. eryngii produced on wheat straw/grape marc significantly increased the levels of tested butyrate producers. P. ostreatus, P. eryngii and C. cylindracea had similar trends in SCFA profile; H. erinaceus mushrooms were more diverse, especially in the production of propionate, butyrate and branched SCFAs. In conclusion, mushrooms rich in β-glucans may exert beneficial in vitro effects in gut microbiota and/or SCFAs production in elderly subjects.
|
|
| 11. |
- Saxami, Georgia, et al.
(författare)
-
Fermentation Supernatants of Pleurotus eryngii Mushroom Ameliorate Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Caco-2 Cells via Upregulation of Tight Junctions
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Microorganisms. - : MDPI. - 2076-2607. ; 9:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, modulation of gut microbiota through prebiotics has garnered interest as a potential to ameliorate intestinal barrier dysfunction. The aim of the study was to examine the in vitro effect of fermentation supernatants (FSs) from rich in β-glucan Pleurotus eryngii mushrooms on the expression levels of tight junctions (TJs) genes in Caco-2 cells stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Mushrooms were fermented using fecal inocula in an in vitro batch culture model. Caco-2 cells were subjected to LPS and FS treatment under three different conditions: pre-incubation with FS, co- and post-incubation. Reverse transcription PCR was applied to measure the expression levels of zonulin-1, occludin and claudin-1 genes. FSs from P. eryngii mushrooms led to a significant upregulation of the TJs gene expression in pre-incubation state, indicating potential preventive action. Down-regulation of all TJs gene expression levels was observed when the cells were challenged with LPS. The FS negative control (gut microbiota of each donor with no carbohydrate source) exhibited a significant upregulation of TJs expression levels compared to the cells that were challenged with LPS, for all three conditions. Overall, our data highlighted the positive and potential protective effects of P. eryngii mushrooms in upregulation of TJs’ genes.
|
|
| 12. |
- Saxami, Georgia, et al.
(författare)
-
In Vitro Fermentation of Edible Mushrooms : Effects on Faecal Microbiota Characteristics of Autistic and Neurotypical Children
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Microorganisms. - : MDPI. - 2076-2607. ; 11:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often suffer gastrointestinal disturbances consistent with gut microbiota (GM) alterations. Treatment with pro/prebiotics may potentially alleviate gut symptoms, but the evidence for prebiotics is scarce. This study aims to evaluate the effects of edible mushrooms (Pleurotus, Basidiomycota) and prebiotic compounds on GM composition and metabolite production in vitro, using faecal samples from autistic and non-autistic children. Specific microbial populations were enumerated after 24 h of fermentation by quantitative PCR, and the metabolic production was determined by gas chromatography. Higher levels of Prevotella spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. were measured in neurotypical children compared to ASD children. A total of 24 h fermentation of Pleurotus eryngii and P. ostreatus mushroom powder increased the levels of Bifidobacterium, while known prebiotics increased the levels of total bacteria and Bacteroides in both groups. Only P. eryngii mushrooms resulted in significantly elevated levels of total bacteria Bacteroides and Feacalibacterium prausnitzii compared to the negative control (NC) in the ASD group. Both mushrooms induced elevated levels of butyrate after 24 h of fermentation, while short-chain fructooligosaccharides induced increased levels of acetate in the ASD group, compared to NC. Overall, this study highlights the positive effect of edible mushrooms on the GM and metabolic activity of children with ASD.
|
|
| 13. |
- Vlassopoulou, Marigoula, et al.
(författare)
-
Immunomodulating Activity of Pleurotus eryngii Mushrooms Following Their In Vitro Fermentation by Human Fecal Microbiota
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of fungi (JoF). - : MDPI. - 2309-608X. ; 8:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies have revealed the crucial role of several edible mushrooms and fungal compounds, mainly polysaccharides, in human health and disease. The investigation of the immunomodulating effects of mushroom polysaccharides, especially beta-glucans, and the link between their anticancer and immunomodulatory properties with their possible prebiotic activity on gut micro-organisms has been the subject of intense research over the last decade. We investigated the immunomodulating effects of Pleurotus eryngii mushrooms, selected due to their high beta-glucan content, strong lactogenic effect, and potent geno-protective properties, following in vitro fermentation by fecal inocula from healthy elderly volunteers (>60 years old). The immunomodulating properties of the fermentation supernatants (FSs) were initially investigated in U937-derived human macrophages. Gene expression as well as pro- (TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-1R alpha) were assessed and correlated with the fermentation process. The presence of P. eryngii in the fermentation process led to modifications in immune response, as indicated by the altered gene expression and levels of the cytokines examined, a finding consistent for all volunteers. The FSs immunomodulating effect on the volunteers' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was verified through the use of cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF) analysis.
|
|
