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| 8. |
- Eliasson, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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PKC-dependent stimulation of exocytosis by sulfonylureas in pancreatic beta cells
- 1996
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 271:5250, s. 813-815
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hypoglycemic sulfonylureas represent a group of clinically useful antidiabetic compounds that stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. The molecular mechanisms involved are not fully understood but are believed to involve inhibition of potassium channels sensitive to adenosine triphosphate (KATP channels) in the beta cell membrane, causing membrane depolarization, calcium influx, and activation of the secretory machinery. In addition to these effects, sulfonylureas also promoted exocytosis by direct interaction with the secretory machinery not involving closure of the plasma membrane KATP channels. This effect was dependent on protein kinase C (PKC) and was observed at therapeutic concentrations of sulfonylureas, which suggests that it contributes to their hypoglycemic action in diabetics.
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| 9. |
- Engellau, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Magnetic resonance imaging and MR angiography of endoluminally treated abdominal aortic aneurysms
- 1998
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Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - 1532-2165. ; 15:3, s. 212-219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with gadolinium-based contrast medium-enhanced MR angiography (MRA) for the follow-up of endoluminally treated abdominal aortic aneurysms. DESIGN: MRI/MRA, angiography and computed tomography (CT) were performed 1 month after endoluminal stent-graft placement. MRI/MRA was repeated at 6 and 12 months and angiography and CT were added to confirm unexpected findings. MATERIALS: Fifteen male patients with endoluminally treated abdominal aortic aneurysms. METHODS: MRI with MRA, spiral CT with transverse images and angiography were performed. RESULTS: MRI/MRA demonstrated changes of stent-graft morphology, aortic neck- and aneurysmal diameter, stent-graft blood flow, stent-graft leakage, blood flow in lumbar arteries, intra-aneurysmal thrombus, periaortic inflammation and vertebral body infarction. For most of these features MRI/MRA provided more information than angiography and/or CT. MRI was the only method demonstrating thrombus reorganisation and vertebral body infarction. CONCLUSIONS: MRI with MRA provides the relevant information needed for follow-up of endoluminally treated abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). This may be the method of choice because of its use of contrast media with very low nephrotoxicity, lack of ionising radiation and non-invasiveness.
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| 10. |
- Gustavsson, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Regulation of phospholipase D activity in neuroblastoma cells
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of Lipid Mediators and Cell Signalling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0929-7855. ; 14:1-3, s. 229-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The regulation of phospholipase D was studied in human neuroblastoma cells using phosphatidylethanol as a marker of the enzyme activity. Carbachol induced phospholipase D activity in SH-SY5Y cells. Muscarinic antagonists inhibited the response with potencies suggesting that muscarinic M1 receptors are responsible for the activation. In permeabilized SH-SY5Y cells, both the carbachol- and GTP gamma S-induced Peth formation was inhibited by GDP beta S, indicating that both responses are mediated via a G-protein. The protein kinase C inhibitors, bisindolylmaleimide and staurosporine significantly inhibited the carbachol-induced Peth formation whereas H7 had no effect. Thus, the cholinergic activation of phospholipase D in SH-SY5Y cells is probably mediated via a direct receptor-G-protein coupling but an involvement of protein kinase C cannot be excluded. Calmidazolium, a calmodulin antagonist, induced an increase in phosphatidylethanol formation in both SH-SY5Y and IMR-32 cells. This effect was inhibited by genistein and tyrphostin, indicating a tyrosine kinase dependent pathway for phospholipase D activation in neuroblastoma cells.
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| 11. |
- Hanefors, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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The Tourism and Travel Consumer
- 1998
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Ingår i: Consumers and services. - UK : John Wiley. - 0471957976 ; , s. 141-161
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 12. |
- IzquierdoClaros, R.M., et al.
(författare)
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Acute effects of D-1 and D-2-receptor agonist and antagonist drugs on somatostatin binding, inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity and accumulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in the rat striatum
- 1997
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Ingår i: Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research. - 0169-328X. ; 47:1-2, s. 99-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A recent study carried out by our group demonstrated that exogenous dopamine increases the somatostatin (SS) receptor–effector system in the rat striatum. The present study examined the participation of the D1- and D2-dopaminergic systems in the modulation of the rat striatal SS receptor–effector system by use of the D1-receptor agonist and antagonist SKF 38393 and SCH 23390, respectively, and the D2-receptor agonist and antagonist bromocriptine and raclopride, respectively. In view of the rapid onset of dopamine action, the effect of dopaminergic agents on the SS mechanism of action were studied 3 h after their administration. SKF 38393 (4 mg/kg i.p.) or bromocriptine (2 mg/kg i.p.) administered to male Wistar rats increased the number of 125I-Tyr3-SMS receptors in the striatum (52 and 30%, respectively) without changing the affinity constant. The effect of SKF 38393 on 125I-Tyr3-SMS binding was antagonized by the D1-specific antagonist SCH 23390 (0.25 mg/kg i.p.) whereas the effect of bromocriptine was abolished by the D2-specific antagonist raclopride (5 mg/kg i.p.). No change in binding was produced when SKF 38393 or bromocriptine were added directly to the incubation medium. The acute systemic administration of SCH 23390 or raclopride alone had no effect on the binding of 125I-Tyr3-SMS to its receptors. The increase of the number of 125I-Tyr3-SMS receptor induced by SKF 38393 or bromocriptine was accompanied by an increase in the capacity of SMS 201-995 to inhibit basal and forskolin (FK)-stimulated adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity when compared to the control groups. In addition, the effect of SMS 201-995 on the mass accumulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) was investigated. SKF 38393 as well as bromocriptine increased the capacity of SMS 201-995 to accumulate IP3 in the rat striatum although this effect was only statistically significant in the case of SKF 38393. These results suggest that the activation of D1 and D2 receptors increases the activity of the SS receptor–effector system, the effect being greater in the case of D1 receptors. These findings are consistent with a functional interaction between dopamine and SS in the rat striatum.
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- Larsson, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a strictly individualized heart rehabilition model
- 1998
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Ingår i: Abstracts of the 4th Scandinavian congress om medicine and science in sports. ; , s. 353-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Traditional cardiac rehabilitation programs have not consistently been shown to improve the level of compliance with medical recommendations, and it is a limited part of patients suffering from coronary heart disease (CHD) that in reality participate in these programs. Rethinking of approaches to cardiac rehabilitation is needed. Important is to pay regard to patients risk factor modification, improvement in their capacity to perform physical work put i relation to the physical demands of various activities and/or jobs in their workplace. It is also known that patients' perceptions of their self-efficacy often exert greater influence over their return to normal activities than does their medical status. Aims: This study examined individual features, actual and perceived loss of physical capacities in patients with CHD, in order to develop a new model for cardiac rehabilitation and find relevant assessment instruments. Materialandmethods: 31male and female patients (ages 45-79 yrs) with CHD were assessed prior to and after undergoing a traditional cardiac rehabilitation program. The variables studied included individual goals, self-efficacy and physical capacities. Results: The results demonstrate great differences in all studied variables. Patients differ in gender, age, prior experience, medical status and individual goals (level of activities/work and or secondary prevention). The physical capacity improves bit may still imply limitations and patients may still lack confidence in their ability to perform physical activities. The vide range of individual features indicates the necessity to individualize the rehabilitation process to meet patient needs. Conclusion: The rehabilitation actors has to take up a more guiding and instructive role regarding elements relevant for the invdividual, with patients own experience and capacities as the starting point. This include taking measures (separate or extensive) individual or in group. Our intention is to present a new strictly individualized heart rehabilitation model based on on-going case studies.
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| 16. |
- Larsson, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Thin Film Coatings With Variable Emittance
- 1999
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Ingår i: EUROpto Conference on Advances in Optical Interference Coatings, Berlin, Germany 25-27 May 1999. ; , s. 486-492
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 17. |
- Larsson, Eva-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Activities and functional assessment 1 year after spinal fusion for paralytic scoliosis
- 1999
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Ingår i: European spine journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-6719 .- 1432-0932. ; 8:2, s. 100-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The results of spinal fusion in patients with paralytic deformities are usually presented as the correction of the deformity. When evaluating the surgical results in such patients, it is advantageous to classify the patients into subgroups because of the varying dysfunction and disabilities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of spinal fusion in patients with paralytic scoliosis in relation to function in terms of Impairments, activities in terms of Disabilities, and dependence in terms of Handicaps 1 year postoperatively, with emphasis on subgroups. A total of 94 patients with paralytic scoliosis and 18 different diagnoses were evaluated 1 year after surgery. The patients were classified according to whether or not they could understand verbal instructions. The patients were also grouped according to the Scoliosis Research Society classification of diagnoses. A set of instruments was used with the variables classified according to WHO’s International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH). This consists of the patient’s/relative’s motives for surgery, persistent skin discoloration, ambulating or use of wheelchair, use of a brace, sitting balance, weight distribution on a sitting surface, angle of scoliosis, reaching, pain estimation, activities of daily living (ADL) Klein and Bell, care given, time spent resting, and seating supports. The set of instrument also included a follow-up questionnaire comprising 12 different areas, where the patients/relatives assessed the results of surgery. The study showed that spinal fusion in paralytic scoliosis led to showed improvements in the whole group of patients at the Impairment level in the angle of scoliosis, sitting balance, weight distribution, and reduced number of patients with persistent skin discoloration, and at the Handicap level in reduced time for resting during the day, reduced number of seating supports in the wheelchair, and in the use of a brace. Most of the parameters were unchanged. The results in the subgroups were almost the same as in the whole group, although pain and reaching at the Impairment level, and ADL at the Disability level, could not be measured in the patients who were unable to understand verbal instructions. The subjectively assessed results showed that seating posture was ranked positively irrespective of the motive for surgery. The study showed that the patients with paralytic scoliosis maintained or improved their function and level of independence in terms of Impairment and Handicap 1 year postoperatively. The subjective results assessed by the patients/relatives also showed a positive outcome of surgery. Weight distribution on a seating surface was improved, but still uneven, and with respect to better sitting balance and increasing time sitting in a wheelchair, this can involve a risk for pressure sores and needs further investigation. When introducing outcomes including the Disability level, one must take the importance of homogeneity in the groups into consideration.
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| 18. |
- Larsson, Eva-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Preoperative evaluation of activitiy and function in patients with paralytic scoliosis
- 1998
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Ingår i: European spine journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-6719 .- 1432-0932. ; 7:4, s. 294-301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Preoperative evaluation of patients with paralytic scoliosis should take into account the consequences of surgery on the every day life of the patient. However, the parameters that are customarily used in these operations relate only to very narrow measures such as the angle of scoliosis or kyphosis. The aim of this study was to introduce a set of instruments appropriate for measuring both function and activities in paralytic scoliosis patients. The study took as its starting point the WHO International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH), in which an activity is described at the level of the individual and function at the level of the organ. A consecutive series of 100 paralytic scoliosis patients with 18 different diagnoses were evaluated preoperatively with a set of instruments that had been specially developed at Linköping hospital, in which the variables are classified according to the system used in the ICIDH. The set of instruments included general information and evaluation of activities and function – sitting, balance, weight distribution to sitting surface, angle of scoliosis, reaching, pain estimation, activities of daily living (ADL) Barthel and ADL Klein and Bell, care given, time spent resting, and seating supports). The results showed that patients with paralytic scoliosis constitute a heterogeneous group in activities and function. Even when the patients were grouped into four subgroups according to the Scoliosis Research Society Classification, they remained very heterogeneous. However, reaching, Klein and Bell Activities of Daily Living and pain could only evaluate patients who could understand verbal instructions. In those who could not, assessment relied more heavily on measures of function and level of dependence. It was concluded that the choice of assessment must be guided by the patient’s ability to understand verbal instructions irrespective of his/her disorder. It is important to use the three levels – impairments, disabilities and handicaps – in order to focus on the different outcomes in the two groups with respect to the patient’s total situation.
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| 19. |
- Larsson, Gerry, et al.
(författare)
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Conditions affecting experiences of the quality of psychological debriefings : Preliminary findings from a grounded theory study
- 1999
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Ingår i: International Journal of Emergency Mental Health. - 1522-4821. ; 1:2, s. 91-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to develop a theoretical understanding of conditions and mechanisms affecting experiences of the quality of emotional debriefings, using a grounded theory approach. Twenty interviews were conducted with experienced male debriefing leaders and participants in the Stockholm fire brigade and the Swedish armored United Nations battalions serving in Bosnia. Data were analyzed according to the constant comparative method. A model was formulated according to which the quality of debriefings is formed by the dynamic interplay between group and debriefing leader characteristics. The key group and debriefing leader quality is security. Furthermore, individual group member resourcefulness and vulnerability, together with the degree of knowledge and support from the management of the organization, also affect experiences of the quality of debriefings. The model is discussed in relation to existing thoughts on potentially favorable mechanisms.
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- Larsson, Lena C, et al.
(författare)
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Discordant neural tissue xenografts survive longer in immunoglobulin deficient mice
- 1999
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Ingår i: Transplantation. - 0041-1337. ; 68:8, s. 60-1153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The immune response against discordant xenografts in the brain is incompletely understood and remains a major obstacle for future clinical applications of xenogeneic neural tissue transplants in neurodegenerative disorders. To determine the role of antibodies in the rejection process, we compared graft survival and immune reactions between immunoglobulin deficient (IgKO) and normal mice.METHODS: A cell suspension of embryonic porcine ventral mesencephalon was injected into the striatum of adult normal and IgKO mice. Graft sizes and number of infiltrating CD4- and CD8-positive lymphocytes were determined by stereological methods at 4 days and 2, 4, and 6 weeks after the transplants. Microglial accumulation was determined using the optical densitometrical method. Intraparenchymal deposition of IgG was investigated at 4 days and 2 weeks.RESULTS: The majority of IgKO mice had surviving grafts for up to 4 weeks, whereas survival was minimal in control mice beyond 4 days. Graft sizes differed significantly between IgKO and control mice at 2 weeks (P<0.01, Kruskal Wallis ANOVA, followed by Mann Whitney test). The majority of infiltrating lymphocytes were CD4-positive in control mice but CD8-positive in IgKO mice. Microglial accumulation was strong around surviving grafts in IgKO mice at 4 weeks. Prominent staining of IgG, diffuse in the transplanted hemisphere and specific on grafted neurons, was found in control mice.CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that immunoglobulins play an initiating role in rejection of discordant neural xenografts. After a prolonged graft survival of approximately 4 weeks, a cellular response with a large proportion CD8-positive cells leads to rejection in IgKO mice.
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| 22. |
- Larsson Lovén, Lena, 1956
(författare)
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LANAM FECIT - woolworking and female virtue.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Aspects of women in Antiquity. Proceedings of the first Nordic sympsoium on women's lives in Antiquity, eds. L. Larsson Lovén & Agneta Strömberg. - Jonsered : Paul Åströms förlag. - 9170811881 ; , s. 85-95
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 24. |
- Larsson, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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Siltjordars egenskaper : silt som konstruktionsmaterial - bestämning av geotekniska egenskaper
- 1998
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- (1) Silt - förekomst och speciella egenskaper; (2) Grundvattenförhållanden och utvärdering av portryck; (3) Tjälproblematik; (4) Fältundersökning; (5) Laboratorieprovning; (6) Beräkning av släntstabilitet och bärighet för fundament; (7) Beräkning av sättningar; Appendix: Beräkning av släntstabilitet till negativa portryck.
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| 25. |
- Larsson Wexell, Cecilia, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Bone response to surface modified titanium implants - studies on the tissue response after 1 year to machined and electropolished implants with different oxide thicknesses.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine. - 0957-4530. ; 8:12, s. 721-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The bone formation around titanium implants with varied surface properties was investigated after 1 year in rabbits. Machined and electropolished samples with and without thick, anodically formed surface oxides were prepared, surface characterized and inserted in the cortical bone of rabbits. Scanning electron microscopy, scanning Auger electron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed marked differences in oxide thickness, surface topography and roughness, but no significant differences in surface chemical composition between the different groups of implants. Light microscopic morphology and morphometry showed that all implants were in contact with bone and had a large proportion of bone within the threads. There were no significant differences between the differently prepared implant groups. Our study shows that a high degree of bone contact and bone formation is achieved after 1 year with titanium implants which are modified with respect to oxide thickness and surface topography. There is no indication that a reduction of surface roughness, which in the initial phase decreases the rate of bone formation, had any influence on the amount of bone after 1 year in rabbit cortical bone.
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