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| 4. |
- Gudmundsson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term survival in patients hospitalized for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease : a prospective observational study in the Nordic countries
- 2012
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. - 1176-9106 .- 1178-2005. ; 7, s. 571-576
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIM:Mortality rate is high in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Our aim was to investigate long-term mortality and associated risk factors in COPD patients previously hospitalized for a COPD exacerbation.METHODS:A total of 256 patients from the Nordic countries were followed for 8.7 ± 0.4 years after the index hospitalization in 2000-2001. Prior to discharge, the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire was administered and data on therapy and comorbidities were obtained. Information on long-term mortality was obtained from national registries in each of the Nordic countries.RESULTS:In total, 202 patients (79%) died during the follow up period, whereas 54 (21%) were still alive. Primary cause of death was respiratory (n = 116), cardiovascular (n = 43), malignancy (n = 28), other (n = 10), or unknown (n = 5). Mortality was related to older age, with a hazard risk ratio (HRR) of 1.75 per 10 years, lower forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) (HRR 0.80), body mass index (BMI) <20 kg/m(2) (HRR 3.21), and diabetes (HRR 3.02). Older age, lower BMI, and diabetes were related to both respiratory and cardiovascular mortality. An association was also found between lower FEV(1) and respiratory mortality, whereas mortality was not significantly associated with therapy, anxiety, or depression.CONCLUSION:Almost four out of five patients died within 9 years following an admission for COPD exacerbation. Increased mortality was associated with older age, lower lung function, low BMI, and diabetes, and these factors should be taken into account when making clinical decisions about patients who have been admitted to hospital for a COPD exacerbation.
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| 6. |
- Abro, Rani, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of chitinolytic activities and membrane integrity in gut tissues of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) fed fish meal and zygomycete biomass.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part B: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1096-4959 .- 1879-1107. ; 175, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chitinolytic activity, nutrient uptake and intestinal barrier functions were investigated in gut tissues of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) fed iso-nitrogenous diets based on fish meal, with or without inclusion of zygomycetes (Rhizopus oryzae). We found that gut tissue of Arctic charr had significant chitinase activity, of both endo- and exo-chitinase iso-forms. Moreover, the distribution pattern along the GI tract of Arctic charr differed between endo-chitinase and exo-chitinase. The endo-chitinase activity in stomach tissue and in the distal intestine was several hundred-fold higher than the exo-chitinase activity in stomach tissue. The greatest exo-chitinase activity was found in the distal intestine. The zygomycete-based diet resulted in higher chitinolytic activity in gut tissue compared to the fish meal-based diet. Disturbed intestinal integrity and increased uptake rate of the amino acid lysine were observed in the distal, but not proximal, intestine of fish fed the zygomycete-based feed.
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| 7. |
- Anselm, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Bannlys alla politiska beslut som ger mer klimatutsläpp
- 2014
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Torftig valdebatt. Dagspolitiken klarar inte att hantera ödesfrågan om klimatet, vilket oroar oss. Vi föreslår därför ett ”utsläppsmoratorium”: inga beslut får tas som ökar utsläppen av växthusgaser. Principen måste kopplas till mål om exempelvis förnybar energi och grön infrastruktur, skriver 23 forskare och debattörer.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Appelberg, Jonas, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Lung aeration during sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea
- 2010
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - Oxford : Blackwell Publishing. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 30:4, s. 301-307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- P>Background: Previous studies have indicated that patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) have altered ventilation and lung volumes awake and the results suggest that this may be a determinant of severity of desaturations during sleep. However, little is known about regional lung aeration during sleep in patients with OSA. Methods: Twelve patients with OSA were included in the study. Computed tomography was used to study regional lung aeration during wakefulness and sleep. Lung aeration was calculated in ml gas/g lung tissue in four different regions of interest (ROI1-4), along the border of the lung from ventral to dorsal. Results: Lung aeration in the dorsal (dependent) lung region (ROI4) was lower during sleep compared to wakefulness 0 center dot 78 +/- 0 center dot 19 versus 0 center dot 88 +/- 0 center dot 19 (mean +/- SD) ml gas/g lung tissue (P = 0 center dot 005). Associations were found between awake expiratory reserve volume and change in lung aeration from wakefulness to sleep in ROI4 (r = -0 center dot 69; P = 0 center dot 012). In addition, the change in lung aeration in the dorsal region correlated to sleep time (r = 0 center dot 69; P = 0 center dot 014) but not to time in supine position. The difference in lung aeration between inspiration and expiration (i.e. ventilation), was larger in the ventral lung region when expressed as ml gas per g lung tissue. In two patients it was noted that, during on-going obstructive apnoea, lung aeration tended to be increased rather than decreased. Conclusions: Aeration in the dorsal lung region is reduced during sleep in patients with OSA. The decrease is related to lung volume awake and to sleep time.
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| 10. |
- Austeng, Dordi, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of and risk factors for neonatal morbidity after active perinatal care : extremely preterm infants study in Sweden (EXPRESS)
- 2010
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 99:7, s. 978-992
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of neonatal morbidity in extremely preterm infants and to identify associated risk factors. Methods: Population based study of infants born before 27 gestational weeks and admitted for neonatal intensive care in Sweden during 2004-2007. Results: Of 638 admitted infants, 141 died. Among these, life support was withdrawn in 55 infants because of anticipation of poor long-term outcome. Of 497 surviving infants, 10% developed severe intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), 5.7% cystic periventricular leucomalacia (cPVL), 41% septicaemia and 5.8% necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC); 61% had patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and 34% developed retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) stage >= 3. Eighty-five per cent needed mechanical ventilation and 25% developed severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Forty-seven per cent survived to one year of age without any severe IVH, cPVL, severe ROP, severe BPD or NEC. Tocolysis increased and prolonged mechanical ventilation decreased the chances of survival without these morbidities. Maternal smoking and higher gestational duration were associated with lower risk of severe ROP, whereas PDA and poor growth increased this risk. Conclusion: Half of the infants surviving extremely preterm birth suffered from severe neonatal morbidities. Studies on how to reduce these morbidities and on the long-term health of survivors are warranted.
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| 11. |
- Backman, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence trends in respiratory symptoms and asthma in relation to smoking : two cross-sectional studies ten years apart among adults in northern Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: World Allergy Organization Journal. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1939-4551. ; 7:1, s. 1-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Smoking is considered to be the single most important preventable risk factor for respiratory symptoms. Estimating prevalence of respiratory symptoms is important since they most often precede a diagnosis of an obstructive airway disease, which places a major burden on the society. The aim of this study was to estimate prevalence trends of respiratory symptoms and asthma among Swedish adults, in relation to smoking habits. A further aim was to estimate the proportion of respiratory symptom and asthma prevalence attributable to smoking.METHODS: Data from two large-scale cross-sectional surveys among adults performed in northern Sweden in 1996 and 2006 were analysed. Identical methods and the same questionnaire were used in both surveys. The association between smoking, respiratory symptoms and asthma was analysed with multiple logistic regression analyses. Changes in prevalence of respiratory symptoms and asthma from 1996 to 2006 were expressed as odds ratios. Additionally, the population attributable risks of smoking were estimated.RESULTS: The prevalence of most respiratory symptoms decreased significantly from 1996 to 2006. Longstanding cough decreased from 12.4 to 10.1%, sputum production from 19.0 to 15.0%, chronic productive cough from 7.3 to 6.2%, and recurrent wheeze from 13.4 to 12.0%. Any wheeze and asthmatic wheeze remained unchanged. This parallels to a decrease in smoking from 27.4 to 19.1%. In contrast, physician-diagnosed asthma increased from 9.4 to 11.6%. The patterns were similar after correction for confounders. All respiratory symptoms were highly associated with smoking, and the proportion of respiratory symptoms in the population attributed to smoking (PAR) ranged from 9.8 to 25.5%. In 2006, PAR of smoking was highest for recurrent wheeze (20.6%).CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, we found that respiratory symptoms, in particular symptoms common in bronchitis, decreased among adults in northern Sweden, parallel to a decrease in smoking from 1996 to 2006. In contrast, the prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma increased during the same time-period. Up to one fourth of the respiratory symptom prevalence in the population was attributable to smoking.
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| 13. |
- Benediktsdottir, Bryndis, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of restless legs syndrome among adults in Iceland and Sweden : Lung function, comorbidity, ferritin, biomarkers and quality of life
- 2010
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Ingår i: Sleep Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1389-9457 .- 1878-5506. ; 11:10, s. 1043-1048
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study investigates the prevalence and the association between restless legs syndrome (RLS) and a large variety of health variables in two well-characterized random samples from the general population in Reykjavik, Iceland, and Uppsala, Sweden. Methods: Using the national registries of inhabitants, a random sample from adults aged 40 and over living in Reykjavík, Iceland (n= 939), and Uppsala, Sweden (n= 998), were invited to participate in a study on the prevalence of COPD (response rate 81.1% and 62.2%). In addition, the participants were asked to answer the following questionnaires: International RLS Rating Scale, Short Form-12, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and questions about sleep, gastroeosophageal reflux, diabetes and hypertension, as well as pharmacological treatment. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin were measured in serum. Results: RLS was more commonly reported in Reykjavik (18.3%) than in Uppsala (11.5%). Icelandic women reported RLS almost twice as often as Swedish women (24.4 vs. 13.9% p= 0.001), but there was no difference in prevalence of RLS between Icelandic and Swedish men. RLS was strongly associated with sleep disturbances and excessive daytime sleepiness. Subjects with RLS were more likely to be ex- and current smokers than subjects without RLS (p< 0.001). Respiratory symptoms and airway obstruction were more prevalent among those reporting RLS and they also estimated their physical quality of life lower than those without RLS (p< 0.001). RLS was not associated with symptoms of the metabolic syndrome like hypertension, obesity, markers of systemic inflammation (IL-6 and CRP) or cardiovascular diseases. Ferritin levels were significantly lower in RLS participants (p= 0.0002), but not (p= 0.07) after adjustment for center, age, sex and smoking history. Conclusion: Restless legs syndrome was twice as common among Icelandic women compared to Swedish women. No such difference was seen for men. RLS was strongly associated with smoking and respiratory symptoms, decreased lung function, sleep disturbances, excessive daytime sleepiness, and physical aspects of life quality. RLS was not associated with markers of the metabolic syndrome like hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular diseases or biomarkers of systemic inflammation.
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| 17. |
- Boll, Madeleine, et al.
(författare)
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Physiotherapists’ understanding and approach to health promotion work in compulsory school : perceiving and supporting coherence
- 2010
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Ingår i: Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0959-3985 .- 1532-5040. ; 26:5, s. 318-326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gaining knowledge in the field of health promotion may help physiotherapists acquire a new understanding of the way movement promotes health, as related to environmental influences. The aim of the present study was to describe how physiotherapists working in a programme of health promotion in compulsory school understand and approach their work. Seven physiotherapists in primary care, working partly with health promotion in compulsory school, were interviewed. A descriptive design of qualitative content analysis was chosen to analyse interviews that had already been conducted in a local evaluation of the programme. This resulted in a main theme, described as Perceiving and Supporting Coherence. This understanding and approach were discussed in relation to challenges of a historically embedded constitution of physiotherapy when entering the area of health promotion in compulsory school.
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| 18. |
- Brunnström, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Staging of Lewy-related pathology in dementia
- 2012
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Ingår i: Clinical Neuropathology. - 0722-5091. ; 31:4, s. 216-223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Lewy-related pathology is the characteristic feature of Parkinson's disease with and without dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). There are two neuropathological staging systems for Lewy-related pathology commonly employed today: the staging system for Parkinson-related pathology by Braak et al., and the staging system by the Consortium on DLB. There are also several modified systems based on these two scales. Methods: We applied a total of eight different staging systems for Lewy-related pathology to 36 consecutive demented patients with various dementia disorders. Results: The staging systems varied considerably in number of unclassifiable cases (range 0 - 16 out of 36 cases), while the diagnostic agreement between the systems that were able to classify all or the very majority of cases varied only slightly (weighted kappa 0.86 - 0.92 and Spearman's sigma 0.80 - 1.0). Conclusion: The different staging systems for Lewy-related pathology that exist today vary in staging procedure and proportion of unclassifiable cases. The choice of system may affect the stage of Lewy-related pathology and ultimately final diagnosis.
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| 19. |
- Dahl, Marianne, 1954-
(författare)
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Fritidspedagogers handlingsrepertoar : Pedagogiskt arbete med barns olika relationer
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis aims to make a contribution to our current understanding regarding leisure-time pedagogues’ work with children’s relationships. Here focus is placed on the collective action repertoire as expressed by two different groups of leisure-time pedagogues. The research questions addressed are: How do leisure-time pedagogues work with children’s relationships and how do they view such relationships? What communities do they identify? What qualities in children’s relationships do they regard as desirable? The theoretical framework of this study is based on Wenger’s (1998) social theory regarding learning in communities of practice, as well as Gergen’s theory of relationships as an inevitable part of human existence. Consequently, within this thesis relationships are viewed as mainly negotiated and are therefore dynamic in character. The methodological approach is ethnographic, focusing on leisure-time pedagogues’ work with and talk about children’s relationships. The study is based on data derived from eight leisure-time pedagogues divided into two different work teams of four pedagogues, covering two different leisure-time centres and involving 60 children of 6-11 years of age. Final analysis is based on concepts derived from both Wenger’s and Gergen’s theories, for example; action repertoire, relational qualities, communities of practice and shared interests. Results suggest that the communities of practice and the alliances that pedagogues identify are often gender-related and built on common interests. The pedagogues’ action repertoire illustrates a desire to facilitate encounters between children and promote harmonious relationships. Leisure-time pedagogues support relationships characterized by consensus, respect, confidence and adaptation to rules, whereas those marked by conflict, disharmony, breaking rules or aggressions are counteracted. Various notions emerge in pedagogues’ action repertoire based on normative thinking, where different relational competences are ascribed to children. Some children are described as relationally competent while other children, who do not adapt themselves in a desirable manner, are described as having difficulties adjusting their relational competence. The results also reveal a lack of guidelines for handling the variety of differences in children’s relationships and display the lack of a common professional language for verbalizing children’s relational work.
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| 20. |
- Dahlquist, Erik, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Combined solar power and TPV
- 2011
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Ingår i: Conference proceedings WREC 2011 in Linköping, Sweden, May 8-11, 2011. - Linköping : Linköping University Press. - 9789173930703 ; , s. 1-4240
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper design for a combined TPV and solar power system for local heat and power production is discussed. PV cells are producing electricity when there is light, while TPV cells are used when it is dark. Biomass is combusted and the heat is generating photons for the TPV system. Higher combustion temperature will give higher electric output, but also stronger deterioration of the materials in the combustor. By combining PV-cells that will generate a lot of electric power summer time with TPV-cells that can generate electric power winter time, when we also normally have a higher heat demand, we can achieve a flexible local heat and power system all year round. As both systems generate DC-power, we also can see a potential to use DC components generally, e.g for charging batteries for electrical vehicles, DC-pumps, LED-lamps etc. Design criteria for the systems are discussed in this paper for a house that is principally self sufficient on energy. Both theoretical and practical obstacles are discussed, as there are a number of issues to solve before the technique can be used in ”real life”.
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| 21. |
- Degerman, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of insulin signalling components in the sensory epithelium of the human saccule.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Cell and Tissue Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0878 .- 0302-766X. ; 352:3, s. 469-478
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several studies have demonstrated a link between diabetes and the dysfunction of the inner ear. Few studies, however, have reported the signalling mechanisms involved in metabolic control in human inner ear cells. Knowledge of the expression and role of the insulin receptor and downstream signalling components in the inner ear is sparce. Our immunohistochemistry approach has shown that the insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), protein kinase B (PKB) and insulin-sensitive glucose transporter (GLUT4) are expressed in the sensory epithelium of the human saccule, which also exhibits expression of a calcium-sensitive cAMP/cGMP phosphodiesterase 1C (PDE1C) and the vasopressin type 2 receptor. IRS1 and PDE1C are selectively expressed in sensory epithelial hair cells, whereas the other components are expressed in sensory epithelial supporting cells or in both cell types, as judged from co-expression or non-co-expression with glial fibrillary acidic protein, a marker for supporting cells. Furthermore, IRS1 appears to be localized in association with sensory nerves, whereas GLUT4 is expressed in the peri-nuclear area of stromal cells, as is the case for aquaporin 2. Thus, the insulin receptor, insulin signalling components and selected cAMP signalling components are expressed in the human saccule. In addition to well-known mechanisms of diabetes complications, such as neuropathy and vascular lesions, the expression of these proteins in the saccule could have a role in the observed link between diabetes and balance/hearing disorders.
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| 22. |
- Degerman, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of new signaling components in the sensory epithelium of human saccule.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Neurology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-2295. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To locate components and target proteins of relevance for the cAMP and cGMP signaling networks including cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterases (PDEs), salt-inducible kinases (SIKs), subunits of Na+, K+-ATPases, and aquaporins (AQPs) in the human saccule. Methods: The human saccule was dissected out during the removal of vestibular schwannoma via the translabyrinthine approach and immediately fixed. Immunohistochemistry was performed using PDE, SIK, Na(+), K(+)-ATPase, and AQP antibodies. Results: PDEs selective for cAMP (PDE4A, PDE4D, and PDE8A) and cGMP (PDE9A) as well a dual specificity PDE (PDE10A) were detected in the sensory epithelium of the saccule. Furthermore, AQP2, 4, and 9, SIK1 and the α-1 subunit of the Na(+), K(+)-ATPase were detected. Conclusion: cAMP and cGMP are important regulators of ion and water homeostasis in the inner ear. The identification of PDEs and SIK1 in the vestibular system offers new treatment targets for endolymphatic hydrops. Exactly how the PDEs are connected to SIK1 and the SIK1 substrate Na(+), K(+)-ATPase and to AQPs 2, 4, 9 remains to be elucidated. The dissection of the signaling networks utilizing these components and evaluating their roles will add new basic knowledge regarding inner ear physiology.
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| 23. |
- Demmelmaier, Ingrid, 1960-
(författare)
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Behaviours, Beliefs and Back Pain : Prognostic Factors for Disability in the General Population and Implementation of Screening in Primary Care Physiotherapy
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to study prognostic factors for prolonged disability in back pain in the general population and physiotherapists’ screening for prolonged disability, applying a social cognitive learning perspective. Methods and results: Studies I and II were based on a survey in the general population in Sweden. Study I included 1024 individuals aged 20-50 years, reporting non-specific back pain. Four groups (n = 100, 215, 172 and 537) based on duration and recurrence of back pain were formed and compared. After controlling for pain intensity, catastrophising and expectations of future pain were positively correlated to pain duration. Perceived social support was negatively correlated to pain duration. Study II was longitudinal over 12 months and analysed one group reporting first-episode back pain (n = 77), and one group reporting long-term back pain (n = 302). Future pain intensity and disability were predicted by initial levels of pain and disability and pain-related cognitions in both groups. Study III examined the inter-rater reliability of a research protocol for assessment of physiotherapists’ telephone screening for prolonged disability. The results demonstrated sufficient inter-rater reliability. Study IV evaluated the effect of a tailored skills training intervention on physiotherapists’ screening for prolonged disability in back pain. Four physiotherapists in primary care participated in four quasi-experimental single-subject studies. Effects were seen in all participants, with increased screening of prognostic factors and less time spent on detailed discussions about back pain. Conclusions: The identification of mainly cognitive explanatory variables indicates the relevance of a social cognitive perspective of back pain-related disability (studies I and II). Physiotherapists’ telephone screening for prolonged disability in back can be reliably assessed (study III). It is suggested that interventions based on social cognitive theory are effective in producing change in specified clinical behaviours in physiotherapists (study IV).
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| 24. |
- Demmelmaier, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Biopsychosocial predictors of pain, disability, health care consumption, and sick leave in first-episode and long-term back pain : A longitudinal study in the general population
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 17:2, s. 79-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Long-term outcome in back pain is related mainly to cognitive factors such as pain-related beliefs and expectations. Most research has been performed on patient samples. Purpose: This study aimed at investigating changes over time in reported back pain, pain intensity, disability, health care consumption and sick leave as well as biopsychosocial factors over a 12 month-period. A second aim was to identify predictors of reported pain, pain intensity, disability, health care consumption and sick leave. Method: As parts of a large back pain sample from a general population (n = 1024), two groups – one with first-episode pain (n = 77) and one with long-term pain (n = 302) – responded twice to a self-administered questionnaire. Among participants reporting pain at both assessments, changes over time were analysed and predictive models were tested. Results: Generally, the results demonstrated overall stability in the self-reports over time. However, reported pain decreased in both groups, while pain catastrophizing and pain expectations increased in the first-episode group. Pain intensity and disability were predicted in regression models including four cognitive factors and initially reported levels of pain intensity and disability. Conclusion: The significance of pain-related beliefs and expectations both in early and later stages of a back pain condition is pointed out. The results in this study based on a sample from the general population are in line with previous research on patient samples.
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| 25. |
- Demmelmaier, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Physiotherapists' telephone consultations regarding back pain : a method to analyze screening of risk factors
- 2010
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Ingår i: Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. - London : Informa Healthcare. - 0959-3985 .- 1532-5040. ; 26:7, s. 468-475
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aimsThere is a gap between guidelines and clinical management of risk factors for prolonged disability in back pain. The aims of this study were; 1) to evaluate the inter-rater reliability of a research protocol designed to analyse screening of physical and psychosocial risk factors for prolonged disability in back pain during telephone consultations, and; 2) to describe the overall content and the nature and extent of physical and psychosocial risk factors assessed by physiotherapists in telephone consultations for diagnostic screening of patients with back pain. Method The material consisted of 17 initial telephone consultations regarding back pain recorded by five physiotherapists. A research protocol covering eight evidence-based risk factors was developed. Three raters performed separate analyses according to the protocol.ResultsIntraclass correlation of how many risk factors that were investigated was 0.82 (p<0.001.) Kappa values (pair-wise) of which risk factors that were screened were 0.79, 0.73 and 0.66 (p<0.001). A median of 2 risk factors were screened in each consultation; most frequent was signs of spinal pathology/radiating pain, followed by sick leave, disability, coping with pain and negative beliefs. Rating of pain intensity, depression and expectations of long-term pain were not screened. ConclusionsThe method of analysis appears reliable. It will be used in an intervention study that evaluates to what extent physiotherapists can learn to screen in concordance with guidelines in initial telephone consultations.
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