| 1. |
- Carlsson, Ella, et al.
(författare)
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Mass composition of the escaping plasma at Mars
- 2006
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Ingår i: Icarus. - : Elsevier BV. - 0019-1035 .- 1090-2643. ; 182:2, s. 320-328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data from the Ion Mass Analyzer (IMA) sensor of the ASPERA-3 instrument suite on Mars Express have been analyzed to determine the mass composition of the escaping ion species at Mars. We have examined 77 different ion-beam events and we present the results in terms of flux ratios between the following ion species: CO2+/O+ and O-2(+)/O+. The following ratios averaged over all events and energies were identified: CO2+/O+ = 0.2 and O-2(+)/O+ = 0.9. The values measured are significantly higher, by a factor of 10 for O-2(+)/O+, than a contemporary modeled ratio for the maximum fluxes which the martian ionosphere can supply. The most abundant ion species was found to be O+, followed by O-2(+) and CO2+. We estimate the loss of CO2+ to be 4.0 x 10(24) s(-1) (0.29 kg s(-1)) by using the previous measurements of Phobos-2 in our calculations. The dependence of the ion ratios in relation to their energy ranges we studied, 0.3-3.0 keV, indicated that no clear correlation was found.
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| 2. |
- Carr, C., et al.
(författare)
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RPC : The rosetta plasma consortium
- 2007
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Ingår i: Space Science Reviews. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0038-6308 .- 1572-9672. ; 128:1-4, s. 629-647
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Rosetta Plasma Consortium (RPC) will make in-situ measurements of the plasma enviromnent of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The consortium will provide the complementary data sets necessary for an understanding of the plasma processes in the inner coma, and the structure and evolution of the coma with the increasing cometary activity. Five sensors have been selected to achieve this: the Ion and Electron Sensor (IES), the Ion Composition Analyser (ICA), the Langmuir Probe (LAP), the Mutual Impedance Probe (MIP) and the Magnetometer (MAG). The sensors interface to the spacecraft through the Plasma Interface Unit (PIU). The consortium approach allows for scientific, technical and operational coordination, and makes Optimum use of the available mass and power resources.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Edberg, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Rosetta and Mars Express observations of the influence of high solar wind pressure on the Martian plasma environment
- 2009
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Ingår i: Annales Geophysicae. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 0992-7689 .- 1432-0576. ; 27:12, s. 4533-4545
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on new simultaneous in-situ observations at Mars from Rosetta and Mars Express (MEX) on how the Martian plasma environment is affected by high pressure solar wind. A significant sharp increase in solar wind density, magnetic field strength and turbulence followed by a gradual increase in solar wind velocity is observed during similar to 24 h in the combined data set from both spacecraft after Rosetta's closest approach to Mars on 25 February 2007. The bow shock and magnetic pileup boundary are coincidently observed by MEX to become asymmetric in their shapes. The fortunate orbit of MEX at this time allows a study of the inbound boundary crossings on one side of the planet and the outbound crossings on almost the opposite side, both very close to the terminator plane. The solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) downstream of Mars are monitored through simultaneous measurements provided by Rosetta. Possible explanations for the asymmetries are discussed, such as crustal magnetic fields and IMF direction. In the same interval, during the high solar wind pressure pulse, MEX observations show an increased amount of escaping planetary ions from the polar region of Mars. We link the high pressure solar wind with the observed simultaneous ion outflow and discuss how the pressure pulse could also be associated with the observed boundary shape asymmetry.
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| 5. |
- Feldman, G., et al.
(författare)
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Compton scattering from deuterium and the polarizabilities of the neutron
- 2008
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Ingår i: Few-Body Systems. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0177-7963 .- 1432-5411. ; 44:1-4, s. 325-328
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new program of Compton scattering on deuterium is under way at the tagged-photon facility at MAX-Lab in Lund, Sweden. We will measure differential cross sections between 60A degrees and 150A degrees over the photon energy range 60-115 MeV in 5 MeV steps, with the ultimate goal of obtaining new precision information on the electric and magnetic polarizabilities of the neutron.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Doria, A S, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability and construct validity of the compatible MRI scoring system for evaluation of elbows in haemophilic children.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Haemophilia. - : Wiley. - 1351-8216 .- 1365-2516. ; 14:2, s. 303-314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Summary. We assessed the reliability and construct validity of the Compatible MRI scale for evaluation of elbows, and compared the diagnostic performance of MRI and radiographs for assessment of these joints. Twenty-nine MR examinations of elbows from 27 boys with haemophilia A and B [age range, 5–17 years (mean, 11.5)] were independently read by four blinded radiologists on two occasions. Three centres participated in the study: (Toronto, n = 24 examinations; Atlanta, n = 3; Cuiaba, n = 2). The number of previous joint bleeds and severity of haemophilia were reference standard measures. The inter-reader reliability of MRI scores was substantial (ICC = 0.73) for the additive (A)-scale and excellent (ICC = 0.83) for the progressive (P)-scale. The intrareader reliability was excellent for both P-scores (ICC = 0.91) and A-scores (ICC = 0.93). The total P- and A-scores correlated poorly (r = 0.36) or moderately (r = 0.54), but positively, with clinical-laboratory measurements. The total MRI scores demonstrated high accuracy for discrimination of presence or absence of arthropathy [P-scale, area-under-the-curve (AUC) = 0.94 ± 0.05; A-scale, AUC = 0.89 ± 0.06], as did the soft tissue scores of both scales (P-scale, AUC = 0.90 ± 0.06; A-scale, AUC = 0.86 ± 0.06). Areas-under-the-curve used to discriminate severe disease demonstrated high accuracy for both P-MRI scores (AUC = 0.83 ± 0.09) and A-MRI scores (AUC = 0.87 ± 0.09), but non-diagnostic ability to discriminate mild disease. Similar results were noted for radiographic scales. In conclusion, both MRI scales demonstrated substantial to excellent reliability and accuracy for discrimination of presence/absence of arthropathy, and severe/non-severe disease, but poor to moderate convergent validity for total scores and non-diagnostic discriminant validity for mild/non-mild disease. Compared with radiographic scores, MRI scales did not perform better for discrimination of severity of arthropathy.
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| 8. |
- Doria, A. S., et al.
(författare)
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Reliability and construct validity of the compatible MRI scoring system for evaluation of haemophilic knees and ankles of haemophilic children. Expert MRI working group of the international prophylaxis study group
- 2006
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Ingår i: Haemophilia. - : Wiley. - 1351-8216 .- 1365-2516. ; 12:5, s. 503-513
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We tested the reliability and construct validity of the Compatible magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scale for the evaluation of haemophilic knees and ankles and compared the diagnostic performance of MRI and plain film radiographs. Sagittal and coronal gradient-echo 1.5-T MR images of knees (n = 22) and ankles (n = 23) were obtained from boys (age range 4-16 years; mean 11 years) in two centres (Toronto, n = 26; Europe, n = 19). The MR images were independently read by four blinded radiologists on two occasions. Number of previous joint bleedings and laboratory level of severity of haemophilia were the reference standards for imaging assessment. Both components of the MRI scale demonstrated high inter- and intrareader intraclass correlation coefficients (progressive (P) scale, 0.91 and 0.94; additive (A) scale, 0.81 and 0.92 respectively). The correlation between the osteochondral domain of the MRI scale and patient's age was moderate. Otherwise, correlations between A- and P-scales and clinical laboratory measurements were weak. The areas under the curve (AUCs) used for discrimination of disease severity were similar for the A- and P-scales (AUCs used for mild disease, A-scale, 0.72 +/- 0.07; P-scale, 0.69 +/- 0.08; P = 0.23; AUCs for severe disease, A-scale, 0.93 +/- 0.05; P-scale, 0.87 +/- 0.08; P = 0.05). No differences were noted between the AUCs of the MRI and radiographic scales used for discrimination of late osteoarticular changes; MRI scales performed better for discrimination of early changes. In conclusion, both MRI scales demonstrated excellent reliability, poor convergent validity, and moderate and excellent validity for discrimination of mild and severe diseases respectively. Compared with radiographic scores, the MRI scales performed better for discrimination of early osteoarticular changes.
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| 9. |
- Edberg, Niklas J. T., et al.
(författare)
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Simultaneous measurements of Martian plasma boundaries by Rosetta and Mars Express
- 2009
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Ingår i: Planetary and Space Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0032-0633 .- 1873-5088. ; 57:8-9, s. 1085-1096
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the first two-spacecraft near-simultaneous observations of the Martian bow shock (BS), magnetic pileup boundary (MPB) and photo-electron boundary (PEB) obtained by the plasma instruments onboard Rosetta and Mars Express during the Rosetta Mars fly by on February 25, 2007. Our observations are compared with shape models for the BS and MPB derived from previous statistical studies. The MPB is found at its expected position but the BS for this event is found significantly closer to the planet than expected for the rather slow and moderately dense solar wind. Cross-calibration of the density measurements on the two spacecraft gives a density profile through the magnetosheath, indicating an increasing solar wind flux during the Rosetta passage which is consistent with the multiple BS crossings at the Rosetta exit.
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| 10. |
- Karlsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the differential cross section for the two-body photodisintegration of He-3 at theta(LAB)=90 degrees using tagged photons in the energy range 14-31 MeV
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 80:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The two-body photodisintegration of He-3 has been investigated using tagged photons with energies from 14-31 MeV at MAX-lab in Lund, Sweden. The two-body breakup channel was unambiguously identified by the (nonsimultaneous) detection of both protons and deuterons. This approach was made feasible by the overdetermined kinematic situation afforded by the tagged-photon technique. Proton-and deuteron-energy spectra were measured using four silicon surface-barrier detector telescopes located at a laboratory angle of 90 degrees with respect to the incident photon-beam direction. Average statistical and systematic uncertainties of 5.7% and 6.6% in the differential cross section were obtained for 11 photon-energy bins with an average width of 1.2 MeV. The results are compared to previous experimental data measured at comparable photon energies as well as to the results of two recent Faddeev calculations which employ realistic potential models and take into account three-nucleon forces and final-state interactions. Both the accuracy and precision of the present data are improved over those obtained in the previous measurements. The data are in good agreement with most of the previous results, and favor the inclusion of three-nucleon forces in the calculations.
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| 11. |
- Lundin, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Compatible scales for progressive and additive MRI assessments of haemophilic arthropathy.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Haemophilia. - : Wiley. - 1351-8216 .- 1365-2516. ; 11:2, s. 109-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Summary. The international MRI expert subgroup of the International Prophylaxis Study Group (IPSG) has developed a consensus for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scales for assessment of haemophilic arthropathy. A MRI scoring scheme including a 10 step progressive scale and a 20 step additive scale with identical definitions of mutual steps is presented. Using the progressive scale, effusion/haemarthrosis can correspond to progressive scores of 1, 2, or 3, and synovial hypertrophy and/or haemosiderin deposition to 4, 5, or 6. The progressive score can be 7 or 8 if there are subchondral cysts and/or surface erosions, and it is 9 or 10 if there is loss of cartilage. Using the additive scale, synovial hypertrophy contributes 1–3 points to the additive score and haemosiderin deposition contributes 1 point. For osteochondral changes, 16 statements are evaluated as to whether they are true or false, and each true statement contributes 1 point to the additive score. The use of these two compatible scales for progressive and additive MRI assessments can facilitate international comparison of data and enhance the accumulation of experience on MRI scoring of haemophilic arthropathy.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Arvelius, S., et al.
(författare)
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Statistical study of relationships between dayside high-altitude and high-latitude O+ ion outflows, solar winds, and geomagnetic activity
- 2005
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Ingår i: Annales Geophysicae. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 0992-7689 .- 1432-0576. ; 23, s. 1909-1916
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The persistent outflows of O+ ions observed by the Cluster CIS/CODIF instrument were studied statistically in the high-altitude (from 3 up to 11 RE) and high-latitude (from 70 to ~90 deg invariant latitude, ILAT) polar region. The principal results are: (1) Outflowing O+ ions with more than 1keV are observed above 10 RE geocentric distance and above 85deg ILAT location; (2) at 6-8 RE geocentric distance, the latitudinal distribution of O+ ion outflow is consistent with velocity filter dispersion from a source equatorward and below the spacecraft (e.g. the cusp/cleft); (3) however, at 8-12 RE geocentric distance the distribution of O+ outflows cannot be explained by velocity filter only. The results suggest that additional energization or acceleration processes for outflowing O+ ions occur at high altitudes and high latitudes in the dayside polar region.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Bastardo Zambrano, Luis Alejandro, et al.
(författare)
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Soluble complexes in aqueous mixtures of low charge density comb polyelectrolyte and oppositely charged surfactant probed by scattering and NMR
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 312, s. 21-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A low charge density polyelectrolyte with a high graft density of 45 units long poly(ethylene oxide) side-chains has been synthesized. In this comb polymer, denoted PEO45 MEMA:METAC-2, 2 mol% of the repeating methacrylate units in the polymer backbone carry a permanent positive charge and the remaining 98 mol% a 45 unit long PEO side-chain. Here we describe the solution conformation of this polymer and its association with an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylsulfate, SDS. It will be shown that the polymer can be viewed as a stiff rod with a cross-section radius of gyration of 29 Å. The cross section of the rod contracts with increasing temperature due to decreased solvency of the PEO side-chains. The anionic surfactant associates to a significant degree with PEO45 MEMA:METAC-2 to form soluble complexes at all stoichiometries. A cooperative association is observed as the free SDS concentration approaches 7 mM. At saturation the number of SDS molecules associated with the polymer amounts to 10 for each PEO side-chain. Two distinct populations of associated surfactants are observed, one is suggested to be molecularly distributed over the comb polymer and the other constitutes small micellar-like structures at the periphery of the aggregate. These conclusions are reached based on results from small-angle neutron scattering, static light scattering, NMR, and surface tension measurements.
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| 16. |
- Beeton, K, et al.
(författare)
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Recent developments in clinimetric instruments
- 2006
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Ingår i: Haemophilia. - : Wiley. - 1351-8216 .- 1365-2516. ; 12:Suppl. 3, s. 102-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Assessment of impairment and function is essential in order to monitor joint status and evaluate therapeutic interventions in patients with haemophilia. The improvements in the treatment of haemophilia have required the development of more sensitive tools to detect the more minor dysfunctions that may now be apparent. This paper outlines some of the recent developments in this field. The Haemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) provides a systematic and robust measure of joint impairment. The MRI Scoring System has been designed to provide a comprehensive scoring system combining both progressive and additive scales. The Functional Independence Score for Haemophilia (FISH) has been developed to assess performance of functional activities and can be used in conjunction with the Haemophilia Activities List (HAL) which provides a self report measure of function. It is recommended that both measures are evaluated as these tools measure different constructs. Further refinement and testing of the psychometric properties of all of these tools is in progress. More widespread use of these tools will enable the sharing of data across the world so promoting best practice and ultimately enhancing patient care.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Brenning, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Faster-than-Bohm Cross-B Electron Transport in Strongly Pulsed Plasmas
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 103:22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the empirical discovery of an exceptionally high cross-B electron transport rate in magnetized plasmas, in which transverse currents are driven with abruptly applied high power. Experiments in three different magnetic geometries are analyzed, covering several orders of magnitude in plasma density, magnetic field strength, and ion mass. It is demonstrated that a suitable normalization parameter is the dimensionless product of the electron (angular) gyrofrequency and the effective electron-ion momentum transfer time, omega(ge)tau(EFF), by which all of diffusion, cross-resistivity, cross-B current conduction, and magnetic field diffusion can be expressed. The experiments show a remarkable consistency and yield close to a factor of 5 greater than the Bohm-equivalent values of diffusion coefficient D-perpendicular to, magnetic-diffusion coefficient D-B, Pedersen conductivity sigma(P), and transverse resistivity eta(perpendicular to).
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| 19. |
- Brokopp, T, et al.
(författare)
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KAMEDO Report No. 91: 2004 tsunami disaster in Asia--home transport and emergency care in Sweden
- 2008
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Ingår i: Prehospital and disaster medicine. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1049-023X .- 1945-1938. ; 23:5, s. 472-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is a descriptive report of the Swedish authorities' responses to the tsunami that affected Southeast Asia in December 2004. The main focus is the care of survivors and the injured during their transportation from Thailand and their return to Sweden. The psychological and physical after-effects also are presented based on a poll conducted one year after the tsunami.
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| 20. |
- Carlsson, Ella, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of the mass composition of the escaping plasma at Mars
- 2006
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Ingår i: 2006 European Geosciences Union General Assembly (EGU 2006), Austria Center Vienna, Vienna (Austria), 2-7 Apr 2006. - : European Geosciences Union (EGU).
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Results from Mars Express, Mars Exploration Rovers and Mars Global Surveyor indicate that Mars harbored large amounts of liquid water on the surface in the past. In order for the water-associated geomorphologic features to form, the pressure in the atmosphere must have been at least a hundred times higher to produce the necessary greenhouse effect required to hold liquid water stable. The present atmospheric pressure is only 6-9 mbar and moreover, the spectral imaging of Mars suggests that the amount of carbonates stored in the surface is too low in order to explain the denser atmosphere in the past. This controversy led us to investigate the escaping plasma by analyzing the data from the IMA sensor (Ion Mass Analyzer) of the ASPERA-3 instrument suite onboard Mars Express. The IMA sensor measures the differential flow of ion components in the energy range of 0.01-30 keV/q.Since the instrument design was optimized for studies of plasma dynamics, the mass resolution is not adequate enough to directly resolve CO+2 from O+2 , which is the main molecular ion composing the Mars ionosphere according to theoretical models. Therefore, a special multi-species fitting technique, using calibration and in-flight data, was developed to resolve the CO+2 peak from the neighboring and much more intense O+2 peak. This technique was applied to the observations covering the period from April 4, 2004 to October 2, 2005. The events of heavy ion escape were identified inside the induced magnetosphere boundary and the Martian eclipse. We report the results of statistical studies of these ion-beam events which permitted to determine CO+2 / O+ and the O+2 / O+ ratio of the escaping plasma at Mars.
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| 21. |
- Carlsson, Ella, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of IMF draping direction and crustal magnetic field location on Martian ion beams
- 2008
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Ingår i: Planetary and Space Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0032-0633 .- 1873-5088. ; 56:6, s. 861-867
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data from the Ion Mass Analyzer (IMA) sensor of the ASPERA-3 instrument suite onboard Mars Express and data from the Magnetometer/Electron Reflectometer (MAG/ER) on Mars Global Surveyor have been analyzed to determine whether ion beam events (IBEs) are correlated with the direction of the draped interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) or the proximity of strong crustal magnetic fields to the subsolar point. We examined 150 IBEs and found that they are organized by IMF draping direction. However, no clear dependence on the subsolar longitude of the strongest magnetic anomaly is evident, making it uncertain whether crustal magnetic fields have an effect on the formation of the beams. We also examined data from the IMA sensor of the ASPERA-4 instrument suite on Venus Express and found that IBEs are observed at Venus as well, which indicates the morphology of the Martian and Venusian magnetotails are similar.
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| 22. |
- Cust, Anne E., et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic syndrome, plasma lipid, lipoprotein and glucose levels, and endometrial cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
- 2007
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Ingår i: Endocrine-Related Cancer. - 1479-6821 .- 1351-0088. ; 14:3, s. 755-767
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To clarify the role of metabolic factors in endometrial carcinogenesis, we conducted a case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), and examined the relation between prediagnostic plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and glucose, the metabolic syndrome (MetS; a cluster of metabolic factors) and endometrial cancer risk. Among pre- and postmenopausal women, 284 women developed endometrial cancer during follow-up. Using risk set sampling, 546 matched control subjects were selected. From conditional logistic regression models, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were inversely associated with risk body mass index (BMI)-adjusted relative risk (FR) for top versus bottom quartile 0.61 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.38-0.97), P-trend= 0.02). Glucose levels were positively associated with risk (BMI-adjusted RR top versus bottom quartile 1.69 (95% Cl 0.99-2.90), P-trend, = 0.03), which appeared stronger among postmenopausal women (BMI-adjusted RR top versus bottom tertile 2.61 (95% Cl 1.46-4.66), P-trend=0.0006, P-heterogeneity=0.13) and never-users of exogenous hormones (P-heterogeneity=0-005 for oral contraceptive (OC) use and 0.05 for hormone replacement therapy-use). The associations of HDL-C and glucose with risk were no longer statistically significant after further adjustment for obesity-related hormones. Plasma total cholesterol, Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides were not significantly related to overall risk. The presence of MetS was associated with risk (RR 2.12 (95% CI 1.51-2.97)), which increased with the number of MetS factors (P-trend=0.02). An increasing number of MetS factors other than waist circumference, however, was marginally significantly associated with risk only in women with waist circumference above the median (P-interaction=0-01). None of the associations differed significantly by fasting status. These findings suggest that metabolic abnormalities and obesity may act synergistically to increase endometrial cancer risk.
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| 23. |
- Doria, AS, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability of progressive and additive MRI scoring systems for evaluation of haemophilic arthropathy in children: Expert MRI Working Group of the International Prophylaxis Study Group
- 2005
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Ingår i: Haemophilia. - : Wiley. - 1351-8216 .- 1365-2516. ; 11:3, s. 245-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effective treatment of haemophilic arthropathy requires a detailed evaluation of joint integrity. Methodological assessment of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scores are needed to assure reproducibility of measurements when comparing results of clinical trials conducted in different centres. We compared the reliability of two MRI scoring systems for assessment of haemophilic arthropathy: one progressive system that displays the most severe change and one additive system that depicts osteochondral and soft tissue-related changes. A total of 47 1.5 T MRI examinations of knees (n = 21) and ankles (n = 26) of 42 haemophilic boys, age range, 22 months to 18 years, performed at different centres (Toronto, n = 20, Europe, n = 12 and Denver, n = 15) were independently reviewed by four radiologists at two occasions. Twenty-two examinations were from children < 9 years and 25 from children &GE; 9. Sagittal and coronal gradient-echo (MPGR, 3D FLASH with fat saturation, GRASS) images were obtained. The MRI examinations of the ankle and knee studies presented with osteochondral abnormalities in 38.5% and 23.8% of the cases respectively. The two scoring systems demonstrated an excellent inter-reader [progressive, 0.88; additive (A, e, s and h components), 0.86] and intra-reader [progressive, 0.92; additive (A, e, s and h components), 0.93] reliability using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Although ICCs were slightly higher for knees when compared with ankles, and for older children when compared with younger children, all values fell within excellent inter- and intra-reader reliability categories. The two MRI scoring systems demonstrated a comparable reliability. This result constitutes the basis for further development of a combined MRI scoring system for assessment of haemophilic arthropathy, which incorporates progressive and additive components.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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